Identifying the cogitative skills and developing it most important for the social scientific thinking. I clearly take a position that every discussion should engage with the contest over knowledge and thus forming a valid point in discussion.
7. 7
Unscientific Methods of Problem Solving
• Tenacity
• Intuition
• Authority
• The rationalistic
method
• The empirical method
“Why some people remain in poverty?
8. 8
Scientific Method of Problem Solving
• Step 1: develop the problem (define and
delimit it)
– identify independent and dependent variables
• Step 2: formulate the hypotheses
– the anticipated outcome
• Step 3: gather data
– maximize internal and external validity
• Step 4(5): analyze and interpret results
14. A framework for understanding the
steps of scientific inquiry
• Initial question, problem, idea, or issue
• Specific purpose, question, or
prooblamatisation
• Data collection – what data are collected?
From whom?
• Analysis of data
• Discussion and interpretation
• Conclusion – answers to research questions,
limitations, and generalizability
15. Reference
• Gorton, W. A. (n.d.). The Philosophy of Social Science.
Internet Encylopedia of Social Science. Retrieved March
26, 2014, from http://www.iep.utm.edu/soc-sci/
• Hoover, K. R. (1976). The elements of social scientific
thinking. New York: St. Martin's Press.
• Klahr, D. (2000). Exploring science the cognition and
development of discovery processes. Cambridge, Mass.:
MIT Press.
• Kuhn, D. (2003). What is Scientific Thinking and How
Does it Develop. Blackwell handbook of childhood
cognitive development (pp. 126-145). Malden, MA:
Blackwell Publishers.
16. • Kuhn, T. S. (1970). The structure of scientific
revolutions (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of
Chicago Press.
• Kuper, A. (2004). The social science encyclopedia
(3rd ed.). London: Routledge.
• Mill, J. S. (1961). Auguste Comte and positivism.
Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
• Morgan, D. L. (2007). Paradigms Lost And
Pragmatism Regained: Methodological
Implications Of Combining Qualitative And
Quantitative Methods. Journal of Mixed Methods
Research, 1(1), 48-76.
Editor's Notes
Asking how enables the idea to question?The power of questioning is most important in any social scientific thinking
ScopeNatureInterDisciplinaryetc
All problem can get an answer within scientific releam
Celebrating the tutelage
The age of Enlightenment bought out to think rationally and criticallyKant, and following philosophers