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     Innovation 2010
A Return to Prominence—and the Emergence
            of a New World Order
The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) is a global manage-
ment consulting firm and the world’s leading advisor on
business strategy. We partner with clients in all sectors
and regions to identify their highest-value opportunities,
address their most critical challenges, and transform their
businesses. Our customized approach combines deep in-
sight into the dynamics of companies and markets with
close collaboration at all levels of the client organization.
This ensures that our clients achieve sustainable compet-
itive advantage, build more capable organizations, and
secure lasting results. Founded in 1963, BCG is a private
company with 69 offices in 40 countries. For more infor-
mation, please visit www.bcg.com.
Innovation 2010
A Return to Prominence—and the Emergence
            of a New World Order




              James P. Andrew
                Joe Manget
             David C. Michael
              Andrew Taylor
                Hadi Zablit


                  April 2010




                  bcg.com
© The Boston Consulting Group, Inc. 2010. All rights reserved.

For information or permission to reprint, please contact BCG at:
E-mail: bcg-info@bcg.com
Fax:     +1 617 850 3901, attention BCG/Permissions
Mail: BCG/Permissions
         The Boston Consulting Group, Inc.
         One Beacon Street
         Boston, MA 02108
         USA
Contents
Executive Summary                                               4

Innovation in 2010                                              6
Innovation Regains Its Priority Status                          6
Companies’ Spending Plans                                      7
Satisfaction with the Return on Innovation Spending             7
Measurement Practices                                          9
Hurdles to Generating a Higher Return on Innovation Spending   10

Goals and Tactics                                              12
What Kind of Innovation?                                       12
Leveraging RDEs                                                12

The Most Innovative Companies                                  15

An Emerging New World Order in Innovation?                     18
Driving the BICs                                               18
Implications for Leaders                                       20

Survey Methodology                                             22

For Further Reading                                            23

Note to the Reader                                             24




I                                                  
Executive Summary




T
               he Boston Consulting Group, working in             actions that companies and their leaders can take to max-
               partnership with BusinessWeek, recently            imize the return on their innovation efforts in this still
               completed its seventh annual global survey         very challenging economic and business environment.
               of senior executives on their innovation
               practices. This report summarizes that sur-        Aer a pause in 2009 that reflected companies’ grow-
vey’s results. It covers the full suite of interrelated activi-   ing concerns about the economy, innovation is once
ties involved in turning ideas into financial returns, going       again a top priority for most companies.
well beyond ideation and new-product development to
include such issues as portfolio and life-cycle manage-           ◊ A large majority of companies consider innovation a
ment, organizational alignment, and demands on lead-                top strategic priority for 2010. Seventy-two percent of
ers. It discusses what works and what doesn’t and the ac-           respondents said that their company considers it a top-
tions companies are taking to make innovation happen.               three priority, versus 64 percent in 2009. This percent-
Finally, the report offers pragmatic advice for individuals          age matches the highest reading seen in the seven
who want to make a difference in their organizations.                years we have been conducting the survey.

Our survey revealed that, aer a moderate retrenchment            ◊ Fully 84 percent of respondents said their company
in 2009, companies have recommitted to pursuing inno-               considers innovation an important or extremely im-
vation in 2010. They have pushed it back to the top of              portant lever in its ability to reap the benefits of an
their priority lists and plan to boost their innovation             economic recovery.
spending—despite the stagnant economy. Indeed, many
companies consider innovation a key weapon in their ef-           Companies’ willingness to spend on innovation, and
forts to seize the benefits of a tentatively emerging eco-         their satisfaction with the return on innovation
nomic recovery. The report also postulates that a new             spending, are inching higher.
world order in innovation is taking hold, one in which
rapidly developing economies (RDEs), led by China, In-            ◊ The majority of companies expect to raise innovation
dia, and Brazil, will increasingly assume more prominent            spending in 2010. Sixty-one percent of respondents
positions, while the United States and other mature econ-           (versus 58 percent in 2009) said their company plans
omies continue to play major roles but gradually become             to boost spending; 26 percent said their company
less dominant.                                                      plans to raise it significantly (that is, by more than 10
                                                                    percent). Only 8 percent of respondents said their com-
This report examines these and a host of other innova-              pany plans to reduce innovation spending, versus 14
tion-related topics, including which types of innovation            percent who said so in 2009.
companies consider most critical to their success, what
companies consider to be the biggest obstacles to raising         ◊ Companies’ satisfaction with their return on innova-
their return on innovation spending, and how innovation             tion spending continues to edge higher—but remains
is regarded within organizations. The report also suggests          relatively low. Fiy-five percent of respondents said


                                                                                             T B C G
their company is satisfied, versus 43 percent in 2008       The organizations that top our list of the most inno-
  and 52 percent in 2009.                                    vative companies remain unchallenged—but a lon-
                                                             ger-term change seems to be under way.
◊ The majority of senior executives (that is, C-level ex-
  ecutives and vice presidents) and decision makers          ◊ For the fourth straight year, respondents ranked Apple
  (that is, directors and managers) are satisfied with the      and Google the two most innovative companies, with
  return on innovation spending. In sharp contrast, little     Apple once again the hands-down winner. Apple has
  more than a third of other employees—36 percent of           held the top spot in our survey since 2005.
  respondents—are satisfied.
                                                             ◊ There is much to suggest that a new world order is
Caution remains in the air, however, and companies             emerging, with RDEs, led by China, India, and Brazil,
are adjusting their strategies and tactics.                    gradually assuming more prominent positions, while
                                                               the United States and the other mature economies
◊ Reflecting lingering caution about the economy, com-          continue to play major roles but gradually become less
  panies continue to ramp up their emphasis on innova-         dominant.
  tion geared toward minor improvements to existing
  products and services (as opposed to, for example, in-     ◊ Less than half of survey respondents believe that U.S.
  novation targeting the launch of new products). Eighty       companies will remain the most innovative over the
  percent of survey respondents said their company con-        next five years.
  siders this type of innovation important or extremely
  important, versus 55 percent in 2008 and 65 percent in
  2009.
                                                             About the Authors
◊ Businesses are tempering their innovation investments      James P. Andrew is a senior partner and managing direc-
  in RDEs. Forty-one percent of respondents said their       tor in the Chicago office of The Boston Consulting Group;
  company plans to raise its R&D investment in RDEs in       you may contact him by e-mail at andrew.james@bcg.
  2010, down from 45 percent in 2009. Simultaneously,        com. Joe Manget is a senior partner and managing direc-
  companies are broadening the types of innovation           tor in the firm’s Toronto office; you may contact him by
  functions they are targeting with those investments. In    e-mail at manget.joe@bcg.com. David C. Michael is a se-
  particular, they are aggressively expanding their em-      nior partner and managing director in BCG’s Beijing of-
  phasis on product development and idea generation.         fice; you may contact him by e-mail at michael.david@
                                                             bcg.com. Andrew Taylor is a partner and managing di-
Executives consider a risk-averse corporate culture,         rector in the firm’s Chicago office; you may contact him
lengthy product-development times, and inadequate            by e-mail at taylor.andrew@bcg.com. Hadi Zablit is a
measurement practices to be key areas of weakness.           partner and managing director in BCG’s Paris office; you
                                                             may contact him by e-mail at zablit.hadi@bcg.com.
◊ Executives identify a risk-averse corporate culture and
  lengthy product-development times as the two biggest
  factors holding down the return on their innovation
  spending.

◊ The majority of companies are dissatisfied with their
  innovation-measurement practices. Only 41 percent of
  respondents said that their company is measuring ef-
  fectively. Customer satisfaction and overall revenue
  growth are the two main gauges that companies use to
  determine the success of their innovation efforts.




I                                                                                                     
Innovation in 2010




I
         nnovation, aer a brief pause, is back. That was                             by China, India, and Brazil, are in the ascendancy and
         the headline message conveyed by our latest an-                              gradually assume the reins from established economies,
         nual survey on the topic, which reflects the in-                              in particular the United States, which has long been (and
         sights of nearly 1,600 executives. Companies had                             remains) the torchbearer for innovation. The implications
         taken a relatively defensive stance on innovation                            of this trend, especially for managers, are sizable.
heading into 2009, easing back on spending plans and
keeping a closer eye on costs. While that caution has cer-                            Below we discuss the current state of play in innovation,
tainly not vanished, the general outlook is significantly                              starting with the importance companies are attaching to
more positive. Companies believe in innovation, consider                              innovation and how that translates into spending plans.
it critical (especially in the current economic environ-
ment), and are increasingly willing to spend more to be-
come more innovative.                                                                 Innovation Regains Its Priority Status

Simultaneously, there is much to suggest that a new world                             Aer falling for several years, innovation’s status as a
order in innovation is emerging, one in which RDEs, led                               strategic priority bounced back strongly in 2010. (See Ex-


    Exhibit 1. Innovation Returned to Prominence in 2010


              Where does innovation rank among                                              Percentage of respondents who consider
              your company’s strategic priorities?                                          innovation a top-three strategic priority

           Percentage of respondents                                                       Percentage of respondents
                                                                                           100
                                  45
           40                                                                                80
                                                                                                     72                                       72
                                                                                                                66         66            64
           30                                                                                60
                     26
                                                23
           20                                                                                40

                                                                                             20
                                                              6

             0                                                                                0
                   Top        Top-three      Top-ten        Not                                    2006       2007       2008       2009      2010
                         1
                 priority      priority1     priority    a priority

    Sources: BCG Senior Executive Innovation Surveys, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006.
    1
     The total percentage of respondents who said that innovation is one of their company’s top-three priorities rounds to 72 percent.




                                                                                                                          T B C G
hibit 1.) Seventy-two percent of respondents said it is one     Exhibit 2. Innovative Companies Typically
of their company’s top-three strategic priorities, up sig-      Generate Superior Returns
nificantly from the 64 percent who said so in 2009. Inno-        for Shareholders
vation is deemed particularly important by the travel and
tourism and retail industries; 79 percent and 77 percent
                                                                            Three- and ten-year annualized
of respondents from those industries, respectively, said                  total-shareholder-return premiums
that their company considers it important or extremely                    of innovative companies compared
                                                                                with their industry peers
important.
                                                                Annualized TSR premium (%)
A strong majority of respondents—fully 84 percent—also          20
said they consider innovation important or extremely im-                                                                16.5
                                                                15
portant for positioning their company to benefit from an               12.4             12.0
economic recovery. This view held across industries, with
                                                                10
automakers, in particular, deeming it essential (93 per-                                                 7.2
                                                                                                                               6.0
cent of respondents from that industry said they consider        5
it vital).                                                                   2.0              2.0
                                                                 0
As we have noted in previous reports, making innovation                                                        –1.9
a top priority pays off. There is a strong correlation be-       –5
                                                                       Global          Americas       European         Asia-Pacific
tween innovation prowess and overall business success,               innovators       innovators      innovators       innovators
as evidenced by the organizations that consistently top
                                                                       Three-year premium              Ten-year premium
our list of the most innovative companies. Emphasizing
innovation is also a proven boon to shareholders. We            Sources: BCG 2010 Senior Executive Innovation Survey; BCG
                                                                ValueScience Center analysis.
looked at the total shareholder returns of the most inno-       Note: Returns were annualized for December 31, 2006, to December
vative companies (as identified by our survey respon-            31, 2009, for the three-year comparison, and for December 31,1999,
                                                                to December 31, 2009, for the ten-year comparison, and account for
dents) versus those of their industry peers for the three-      price appreciation and dividends. To generate the comparison data,
and ten-year periods ending December 31, 2009; the              we compared the TSR of each innovative company, as identified by
                                                                survey respondents, with the TSR of its industry overall and averaged
results were compelling. (See Exhibit 2.) Globally, on an       the differences globally and by region.
annualized basis, innovators outperformed their peers by
a whopping 12.4 percentage points over three years and
by a more modest but still significant 2 percentage points     raise innovation spending, and 36 percent said their com-
per year over ten years. The bottom line: if you are an in-   pany would do so significantly.
vestor, you’d do well to seek out innovative companies.

                                                              Satisfaction with the Return
Companies’ Spending Plans                                     on Innovation Spending

Consistent with this heightened emphasis on innovation,       One factor that may be driving the uptick in spending
companies are nudging up their spending. Sixty-one per-       plans is rising satisfaction with the return on innovation
cent of respondents said that their company plans to          spending. While the level of satisfaction is still low—only
boost its innovation spending (versus 58 percent in 2009);    55 percent of respondents said that their company is sat-
26 percent said their company plans to raise spending sig-    isfied—it has been on the rise for the last three years.
nificantly (that is, by more than 10 percent). And only        (See Exhibit 4.) Satisfaction is particularly strong this year
8 percent of respondents said their company plans to re-      among consumer products companies; 64 percent of re-
duce innovation spending, versus 14 percent who said so       spondents from that industry said that their company is
in 2009. (See Exhibit 3.)                                     satisfied.

By industry, automotive companies are the most bullish:       Worth noting, though, is the persistent difference in view
69 percent of respondents said their company would            between senior executives and decision makers and the


I                                                                                                                          
Exhibit 3. Sixty-One Percent of Companies Plan to Increase Their Innovation Spending,
    While Only 8 Percent Plan to Reduce It

                                               How will your company’s investments in innovation
                                                    compare with its investments last year?

               Percentage of respondents
               40
                                                            35
                                                      32                  31
               30                                                    28
                                26   26


               20


               10                                                                       9
                                                                                              5            5
                                                                                                                 3
                0
                              Increase                 Increase         Stay           Decrease             Decrease
                            significantly                slightly      roughly           slightly          significantly
                               (>10%)                 (1%–10%)       the same          (1%–10%)              (>10%)
                         2009           2010

    Sources: BCG Senior Executive Innovation Surveys, 2010, 2009.




    Exhibit 4. Satisfaction with the Return on                            rest of the company. Simply put, the top brass are far
    Innovation Spending Has Risen for the                                 more satisfied. In 2010, the majority of C- and VP-level
    Past Three Years but Remains Low                                      executives, directors, and managers said they were satis-
                                                                          fied with their company’s return on innovation spending,
                                                                          versus only 36 percent of other employees. (See Exhibit
          Are you satisfied with the financial return
             on your investments in innovation?                           5.) C-level executives are the most satisfied (59 percent of
                                                                          respondents), as they have been historically in our sur-
         Percentage of respondents                                        veys. Given the role that these executives, particularly the
         60                                    57                         CEO, play in their organizations’ innovation efforts—the
                            55
                     52                                                   CEO has consistently been identified as the biggest force
                                                      48
                    43                                      45            driving innovation in our surveys—this enthusiasm is
         40                                                               perhaps not surprising. (See Exhibit 6.) In fact, it’s prob-
                                                                          ably vital to have a bullish CEO if innovation is critical to
                                                                          your company.

         20                                                               But the ongoing gap in perspective between top execu-
                                                                          tives and the rest of the organization may be indicative
                                                                          of problems—or problems to come. Assuming that the
          0
                                                                          CEO is, in fact, correct in his or her assessment, he or she
                           Yes                  No/Not sure               should ultimately be able to sell that vision to the rest of
                2008             2009          2010                       the company. But clearly this hasn’t happened. Could it
                                                                          be that CEOs and other top executives are wrong? Does
    Sources: BCG Senior Executive Innovation Surveys, 2010, 2009,
    2008.
                                                                          the rest of the company have a better read on the true
                                                                          state of affairs? Obviously both sides can’t be right.


                                                                                                      T B C G
Exhibit 5. Satisfaction With the Return on                                     A final thought on the topic of leadership: CEOs are the
                                                                                 most recognized leaders of companies’ innovation efforts.
  Innovation Spending Correlates Closely
                                                                                 Yet only 28 percent of survey respondents identified the
  with Position in the Organization
                                                                                 CEO as the key driver at their company. This suggests a
                                                                                 general absence of high-level leadership regarding inno-
             Are you satisfied with your company’s
                return on innovation spending?                                   vation—and a real opportunity for many companies to
                                                                                 improve.
    Percentage of respondents who said “yes”
    60    59         58
                              54         53                                      Measurement Practices

                                                                                 Gauging returns on innovation spending with any confi-
    40                                                        36                 dence requires proper measurement. Are most compa-
                                                                                 nies hitting the mark? Based on our survey, the answer is
                                                                                 no. Only 41 percent of respondents said they are satisfied
                                                                                 with their company’s measurement practices.
    20

                                                                                 The choice of metrics is undoubtedly part of the problem.
                                                                                 Companies’ biggest flaw is typically that they undermeas-
     0                                                                           ure. Our 2009 report Measuring Innovation 2009: The Need
             C-level       Vice    Director   Manager     Other                  for Action revealed that the majority of companies use
                         president
                                                                                 only 5 or fewer metrics. In contrast, our experience has
  Source: BCG 2010 Senior Executive Innovation Survey.
                                                                                 shown that 10 to 12 metrics are required to provide the
                                                                                 information necessary to really manage, rather than


  Exhibit 6. CEOs Are Innovation’s Biggest Champions


                                       Who is the biggest force driving innovation at your company?
     Percentage of respondents
     30     28




     20                       19




                                         10
     10                                              8             8
                                                                                                                                     6
                                                                             5           5         4           4
                                                                                                                           2

         0
               Chief      President Chairperson     Chief        Vice       Chief      Vice       Vice       Chief        Vice      Other
             executive                            operating   president information president president     financial   president
              officer                                officer       or head     officer    or head of or head of    officer     or head of
                                                               of R&D               marketing innovation                strategy

  Source: BCG 2010 Senior Executive Innovation Survey.




I                                                                                                                              
Exhibit 7. Customer Satisfaction and Overall Revenue Growth Are the Most Commonly
     Used Metrics

                                         How does your company measure its success at innovation?

          Percentage of respondents
          50
                   45
                                   40
          40
                                                35

          30                                                29
                                                                   27          26          26          25
                                                                                                                   20
          20
                                                                                                                             15

          10


           0
                 Customer     Overall      Percentage Higher      New-     Return on Projected Number            Time to   Patents
                satisfaction revenue         of sales  margins   product   innovation versus actual of new       market
                              growth        from new             success    spending performance products
                                           products or            ratios                           or services
                                             services

     Source: BCG 2010 Senior Executive Innovation Survey.



merely react to, the innovation process. Companies go                      ideas into cash, however, the lack of progress in actually
wrong in other ways as well. They measure the wrong                        improving time to market is totally understandable.
things, they fail to tie incentives to metrics so that the
metrics “stick”—or, in some cases, they do not measure
at all.                                                                    Hurdles to Generating a Higher Return
                                                                           on Innovation Spending
When companies do measure innovation, which metrics
do they use? In past surveys, the two most widely em-                      What do companies believe is weighing down their re-
ployed yardsticks were customer satisfaction and overall                   turn on innovation spending? Respondents identified a
revenue growth. That remains the case in 2010, with 45                     broad mix of challenges. (See Exhibit 8.) The most fre-
percent and 40 percent of respondents, respectively, nam-                  quently cited were a risk-averse corporate culture (31 per-
ing these two metrics. (See Exhibit 7.) Neither of these                   cent of respondents) and lengthy development times (30
measures is perfect, it should be noted, since both are in-                percent), which have been the top two responses for the
fluenced by many other factors besides a company’s in-                      past several years. A risk-averse culture is a particular
novation capabilities or success.                                          problem for retailers (40 percent of respondents from
                                                                           that industry identified it) and makers of consumer prod-
One metric that continues to be underutilized is time to                   ucts (36 percent). Long development times are a major
market—this year, only 20 percent of respondents said                      barrier for entertainment and media companies (40 per-
their company monitored it. Given that respondents have                    cent of respondents) and, not surprisingly, pharmaceuti-
consistently identified lack of speed as one of their com-                  cal companies (38 percent).
pany’s biggest weaknesses, as well as one of the biggest
hurdles to raising their return on innovation spending,                    It is noteworthy that, as in past years, relatively few re-
the neglect of this measure remains perplexing. Given the                  spondents (22 percent) identified a shortage of great
persistent failure to measure the time it takes to turn                    ideas as a major hurdle. (The noteworthy exception is


                                                                                                          T B C G
Exhibit 8. A Risk-Averse Culture and Lengthy Development Times Are the Biggest Hurdles
  to Improving the Return on Innovation Spending

                                     What are the biggest obstacles you face when it comes to
                                     generating a return on your investments in innovation?
    Percentage of respondents
    40


               31            30
    30
                                           26
                                                         24
                                                                  22          22           21          21          21          20
    20



    10


     0
              Risk-   Lengthy                      Inability to               Lack of            Compensation               Insufficient
             averse development                    adequately              coordination              not tied              support from
             culture   times                        measure                 within the            to innovation           leadership and
                                                  performance                company                  results              management
                                  Difficulty selecting            Not enough              Ineffective              Not enough
                                  the right ideas to            great ideas            marketing and             customer
                                   commercialize                                      communications              insight
  Source: BCG 2010 Senior Executive Innovation Survey.



travel and tourism companies: 34 percent of respondents                     But generating ideas and turning those ideas into cash
from that industry identified it as a challenge.) In fact,                   are two entirely different things, as most companies learn
most organizations have any number of promising ideas.                      fairly quickly.




I                                                                                                                             
Goals and Tactics




O
               ur survey revealed some interesting shis     Simultaneously, there has been a noticeable change in
               in companies’ innovation goals and how        the importance attached to the more conservative end of
               they plan to achieve them. Specifically, we    the innovation spectrum. Innovation leading to minor
               looked at the types of innovation that        changes in existing products and services has been climb-
               companies target and their use of RDEs.       ing as a priority and jumped a full 15 percentage points
                                                             in 2010. And while the importance of innovation leading
                                                             to cost reductions in existing offerings didn’t rise in 2010,
What Kind of Innovation?                                     it stayed essentially unchanged from 2009, which saw a
                                                             strong jump from the previous year.
Innovation comes in a variety of forms, from small chang-
es to existing products and services to new offerings that    What this suggests is that, while companies have pushed
launch whole industries. For the past four years, we have    innovation to the front burner in terms of priority and
asked respondents to identify the importance of innova-      are loosening their purse strings a bit, they remain cau-
tion leading to five different types of output:                tious and are hedging their bets about the economy.
                                                             Rather than moving aggressively to discover, invent, and
◊ “New to the world” products or services that create en-    capitalize on new growth areas, they are emphasizing
  tirely new markets                                         safe bets and trying to prepare for a range of scenarios.

◊ New offerings that allow expansion into new customer        There were some noteworthy findings by industry. New
  groups                                                     products and services for new customer groups were
                                                             deemed a particularly key objective by automakers (93
◊ New offerings for existing customers                        percent of respondents said this category was important
                                                             or very important) and energy companies (88 percent).
◊ Incremental changes to existing offerings                   New offerings for existing customers were identified as a
                                                             high priority by manufacturing companies (90 percent of
◊ Lower production costs for existing offerings (through      respondents). Minor changes to existing products and ser-
  the use of cheaper materials, for example)                 vices were identified as key by travel and tourism compa-
                                                             nies (93 percent) and retailers (85 percent).
As Exhibit 9 shows, innovation leading to new offerings
for existing customers has been the top choice each year,
followed by new offerings that allow expansion into new       Leveraging RDEs
customer groups. The importance that companies assign
to the latter has been and remains rock solid, but there     Interestingly, aer a strong rise in commitment to RDEs
has been an ongoing easing back of the priority attached     in 2009—45 percent of survey respondents said that their
to new offerings for existing customers. This trend contin-   company planned to raise its investment in RDEs, versus
ued in 2010.                                                 37 percent who said so in 2008—companies now appear


                                                                                        T B C G
Exhibit 9. Companies Are Raising Their Emphasis on the Conservative End of the
  Innovation Spectrum

                           How important are these types of innovation to your company’s future success?

    Percentage of respondents who said
    “important” or “very important”
                                                                                                      +51%
    100
                                                                      92
                                                                              89   88     87                                  +13%
                                         85      85   85     85
                                                                                                                 80
      80
                          73     70                                                                                               73      72
             65     66                                                                                    65          64    64
      60                                                                                       53    55


      40


      20


       0
                    New-to-                 New offerings that                  New                    Minor                    Cost
                   the-world                 allow expansion                 offerings               changes to             reductions
                   offerings                into new customer               for existing              existing              for existing
                                                  groups                    customers                offerings               offerings

            2007          2008            2009             2010

  Sources: BCG Senior Executive Innovation Surveys, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007.



to be tempering their enthusiasm. (See Exhibit 10.) Forty-                         have also broadened the focus of their investments. (See
one percent of respondents said that their company                                 Exhibit 11.) Perhaps most noteworthy, they are planning
would raise its investment in RDEs in 2010. And 42 per-                            to raise investments in testing, design, and basic re-
cent said that their company would not do so, up from 35                           search—a clear signal that they are growing increasingly
percent in 2009. There could be a number of reasons for                            comfortable with utilizing RDEs for higher-value-added
the change in sentiment, ranging from general concerns                             functions. Companies are also planning significant in-
about risk to political constraints (moving jobs overseas                          creases in product development and idea generation. Six-
in the current economic climate risks a major backlash                             ty-two percent of respondents said that their company
and damage to a company’s brand).                                                  would raise its RDE investments in product development
                                                                                   in 2010 (versus 49 percent who said so in 2009), led by fi-
In terms of country and regional allocations, China looks                          nancial services companies (64 percent) and manufactur-
to be the biggest winner in 2010—fully half of the re-                             ers (63 percent). Forty-one percent of respondents said
spondents who said that their company would increase                               their company would raise its investment in idea genera-
its RDE investment said it would raise its spending there.                         tion (versus 28 percent in 2009).
By industry, the most bullish on China are manufacturers
(57 percent of respondents), pharmaceutical companies
(54 percent), and technology and telecommunications
businesses (54 percent). At the other end of the spectrum
are consumer products companies—only 39 percent of
respondents from that industry said their company would
raise its spending in China.

Interestingly, while companies have turned more cau-
tious on increasing their aggregate RDE investment, they


I                                                                                                                                 
Exhibit 10. Growth in RDE Spending Is Slowing Down...


                    Is your company planning to                                           If so, in which countries or regions will it
                increase its innovation investments                                             be increasing its investments?
                  in low-cost countries or regions?

         Percentage of respondents                                                Percentage of respondents
         50                                                                       80
                   45
                               41         41          42                                  67
         40     37                                                                                       61
                                               35                                 60
                                                                                                                   50
         30

                                                           22                     40                          37
                                                                  20                           32 33                    33 31
         20                                                                                                                                        30
                                                                       17                                                       26 28 26 28   25
                                                                                  20
         10


          0                                                                           0                                                0
                       Yes                     No               Not sure                   India          China         Eastern Latin  Southeast
                                                                                                                        Europe America   Asia
                2008               2009        2010

 Sources: BCG Senior Executive Innovation Surveys, 2010, 2009, 2008.




 Exhibit 11. ...but Companies Are Broadening the Focus of Their RDE Investments


                                     If your company plans to increase its allocation to RDEs, which of the
                                           following types of innovation investment will it be making?



                                                                                                                           49
     Product development
                                                                                                                                               62

                                                                            28
          Idea generation
                                                                                                         41

                                                                                 30
                     Testing
                                                                                                37

                                                                                  31
                     Design
                                                                                               36

                                                                            28
           Basic research                                                                 34

                               0                10               20         30                      40                   50               60            70
                                                                                                                                 Percentage of respondents
         2009           2010

 Sources: BCG Senior Executive Innovation Surveys, 2010, 2009.




                                                                                                                         T B C G
The Most Innovative
                        Companies



W
                     hich are the world’s most innovative      There is also a fair amount of year-over-year consistency
                     companies? We put the question to         elsewhere near the top of the list, despite some shuffling
                     survey respondents and, as we have        in rank. But the list is far from static. Indeed, newcomer
                     done for the past three years, supple-    BYD Company, a Chinese manufacturer of automobiles
                     mented their answers with a weight-       and rechargeable batteries, notched an impressive eighth-
ed average of their respective companies’ performance          place ranking. The company is the torchbearer for a small
along three financial measures: three-year shareholder re-      but noteworthy collection of companies from RDEs that
turns, three-year revenue growth, and three-year margin        this year made the top-50 list for the first time. (See Ex-
growth. (Respondents’ votes counted for 80 percent of the      hibit 13 and the next chapter.)
ranking, shareholder returns for 10 percent, and revenue
and margin growth for 5 percent each.)                         In addition, there were a number of big moves among
                                                               more widely known businesses. LG Electronics, for exam-
The results are presented in Exhibit 12. There were few        ple, moved to 7th place on the list from 27th in 2009. Intel
surprises at the very top of the list. Apple and Google        (which moved to 12th place from 33rd) and Ford Motor
once again took the top two spots, as they have for the        Company (which moved to 13th from 31st) also saw large
last four years. Apple’s ongoing dominance, in particular,     rises in rank.
merits comment. The company has held the number-one
ranking since 2005. Can it maintain its viselike grip on the   Finally, we asked respondents to identify the most inno-
top spot? To gauge opinions, we asked respondents to           vative companies within their respective industries. Ex-
name the company they consider most likely to topple           hibit 14 shows the top five in each industry. These results
Apple within the next five years. The two names men-            are based solely on respondents’ votes (no financial crite-
tioned most oen, perhaps not surprisingly, were Google        ria were used in these rankings).
and Microso . But it is worth noting that the third most
frequent response was “no one,” suggesting that many
believe Apple will not fade anytime soon. Time will tell.




I                                                                                                          
Exhibit 12. The Most Innovative Companies


                                      Which global companies do you consider the most innovatiive?
                               Rank                  Company                                           Headquarters

                                  1                  Apple                                             United States
                                  2                  Google                                            United States
                                  3                  Microso Corporation                              United States
                                  4                  IBM Corporation                                   United States
                                  5                  Toyota Motor Corporation                          Japan
                                  6                  Amazon.com                                        United States
                                  7                  LG Electronics                                    South Korea
                                  8                  BYD Company                                       China
                                  9                  General Electric Company                          United States
                                 10                  Sony Corporation                                  Japan
                                 11                  Samsung Electronics                               South Korea
                                 12                  Intel Corporation                                 United States
                                 13                  Ford Motor Company                                United States
                                 14                  Research in Motion                                Canada
                                 15                  Volkswagen                                        Germany
                                 16                  Hewlett-Packard Development Company               United States
                                 17                  Tata Group                                        India
                                 18                  BMW Group                                         Germany
                                 19                  The Coca-Cola Company                             United States
                                 20                  Nintendo                                          Japan
                                 21                  Wal-Mart Stores                                   United States
                                 22                  Hyundai Motor Company                             South Korea
                                 23                  Nokia Corporation                                 Finland
                                 24                  Virgin Group                                      United Kingdom
                                 25                  Procter & Gamble                                  United States
                                 26                  Honda Motor Company                               Japan
                                 27                  Fast Retailing Company                            Japan
                                 28                  Haier Electronics Group                           China
                                 29                  McDonald’s                                        United States
                                 30                  Lenovo                                            China
                                 31                  Cisco Systems                                     United States
                                 32                  The Walt Disney Company                           United States
                                 33                  Reliance Industries                               India
                                 34                  Siemens Corporation                               Germany
                                 35                  Dell                                              United States
                                 36                  Nestlé                                            Switzerland
                                 37                  British Sky Broadcasting                          United Kingdom
                                 38                  Vodafone Group                                    United Kingdom
                                 39                  JPMorgan Chase & Company                          United States
                                 40                  Oracle Corporation                                United States
                                 41                  Petrobras Brasileiro                              Brazil
                                 42                  Banco Santander                                   Spain
                                 43                  Fiat Automobiles                                  Italy
                                 44                  China Mobile                                      China
                                 45                  The Goldman Sachs Group                           United States
                                 46                  Nike                                              United States
                                 47                  HTC Corporation                                   Taiwan
                                 48                  Facebook                                          United States
                                 49                  HSBC Group                                        United Kingdom
                                 50                  Verizon Communications                            United States

     Source: BCG 2010 Senior Executive Innovation Survey.
     Note: Rankings are based on a combination of survey responses (80 percent weighting), three-year TSR (10 percent), three-year revenue growth (5
     percent), and three-year margin growth (5 percent).




                                                                                                                  T B C G
Exhibit 13. The Emergence of a New Guard?

          All but one of the first-time entrants to our most-innovative list hail from outside the United States

                                                              Rank          Industry                     Headquarters

         BYD Company                                            8           Automotive                   China
         Fast Retailing Company                                27           Retail                       Japan
         Haier Electronics Group                               28           Industrial                   China
         Oracle Corporation                                    40           Technology/telecom           United States
         Petrobras Brasileiro                                  41           Energy                       Brazil
         China Mobile                                          44           Technology/telecom           China
         HTC Corporation                                       47           Technology/telecom           Taiwan

  Source: BCG 2010 Senior Executive Innovation Survey.




  Exhibit 14. Respondents Named the Most Innovative Companies by Industry


                                    1. The Goldman Sachs Group                           1. BP
                                    2. HSBC Group                                        2. Royal Dutch Shell
             Financial
                                    3. JPMorgan Chase & Company          Energy          3. E.ON
              services
                                    4. Citigroup                                         4. Exxon Mobil Corporation
                                    5. ING Group                                         5. Chevron Corporation


                                    1. Apple                                             1. Toyota Motor Corporation
                                    2. Google                                            2. Ford Motor Company
         Technology and                                              Automotive and
                                    3. Microso Corporation                              3. Volkswagen
      telecommunications                                             motor vehicles
                                    4. IBM Corporation                                   4. BMW Group
                                    5. Cisco Systems                                     5. Honda Motor Company


                                    1. Pfizer                                             1. Wal-Mart Stores
        Pharmaceuticals,            2. GlaxoSmithKline                                   2. Amazon.com
          biotechnology,            3. Bayer                             Retail          3. Target Corporation
         and health care            4. Novartis Corporation                              4. Fast Retailing Company
                                    5. Merck & Company                                   5. Tesco


                                    1. The Walt Disney Company                           1. Apple
                                    2. Sony Corporation                                  2. Procter & Gamble
          Entertainment                                                Consumer
                                    3. Apple                                             3. Unilever
            and media                                                   products
                                    4. News Corporation                                  4. Sony Corporation
                                    5. Google                                            5. Samsung Electronics


                                    1. General Electric Company                          1. TUI Travel
           Industrial               2. Siemens Corporation                               2. Hilton Hotels Corporation
                                                                     Travel, tourism,
           goods and                3. 3M                                                3. Marriott International
                                                                     and hospitality
          manufacturing             4. Toyota Motor Company                              4. Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide
                                    5. Boeing                                            5. Virgin Group

  Source: BCG 2010 Senior Executive Innovation Survey.




I                                                                                                                    
An Emerging New World
           Order in Innovation?



T
              he world’s economically mature countries,        They realize that innovation is the next battleground, and
              led by the United States, have been the prin-    they are aggressively fighting that battle now. Anecdotal
              cipal players on the innovation stage for de-    evidence from our 2010 survey makes this crystal clear.
              cades. But there is much to suggest that this    For example:
              era of unquestioned dominance is fading.
RDEs led by Brazil, India, and China (the BIC countries)       ◊ Eighty-two percent of respondents from the BIC coun-
are in the ascendancy and appear poised to put a major           tries said that their company considers innovation a
dent in the mature economies’ self-image and position, if        top or top-three priority—for respondents from China,
not to assume their leadership role outright.                    it was 92 percent—versus 68 percent of respondents
                                                                 from mature economies. Thirty-six percent of BIC re-
                                                                 spondents said their company considers innovation its
Driving the BICs                                                 top priority, versus 22 percent of respondents from ma-
                                                                 ture economies. (See Exhibit 16.)
What is powering the companies based in RDEs? First,
consider the projected economic growth rates of some of        ◊ Fiy-two percent of BIC respondents consider innova-
these countries. (See Exhibit 15.) China and India, in par-      tion extremely important to their ability to benefit
ticular, dwarf the mature economies. Even Brazil’s pro-          from an economic recovery, versus only 31 percent of
jected growth, which is far more modest, is double that of       respondents from mature economies. Note that these
the United States. Why does growth matter? Especially            respondents are in countries that will come out of the
when it is not solely commodity based, growth means              Great Recession far faster than those in more mature
more customers, more revenues, and, ultimately, greater          economies.
wherewithal to fund innovation efforts. So growth by it-
self provides a strong tailwind that supports innovation.      ◊ Eighty-five percent of BIC respondents said their com-
                                                                 pany plans to increase its innovation spending in 2010,
Many RDEs add highly supportive government policies              versus 53 percent of respondents from mature econo-
to the mix, creating an even more potent brew. Such pol-         mies. And again, given the higher growth rates of the
icies take a range of forms. Some have a specific focus           BIC economies, and the fact that they started to come
and an immediate effect, such as large, permanent R&D             out of the downturn sooner, BIC companies will have
tax credits. Others have a less direct impact but can trans-     the ability to fund these increasing levels of invest-
late into sizable benefits—for example, building a high-          ment more easily (and more consistently) than might
quality workforce through educational programs and im-           be the case for companies in the mature economies.
migration policy.1
                                                               1. See The Innovation Imperative in Manufacturing: How the United
In short, many of these countries, and in particular the       States Can Restore Its Edge, BCG and the National Association of
                                                               Manufacturers report, March 2009. This report takes a comprehen-
BIC countries, are committed to innovation and are in-         sive look at the innovation backdrop in more than 100 countries
vesting heavily to build their innovation competitiveness.     around the world.


                                                                                            T B C G
Exhibit 15. RDEs, Led by the BIC Countries, Are Projected to Significantly
  Outshine Their More Mature Counterparts


                        Real GDP
                                         2009         2010      2011               2012            2013                 2014
                        growth (%)

                        Brazil           –0.3          5.5          5.1             4.9             4.6                 4.6
                        India             6.8          7.7          8.0             8.2             8.0                 7.9
    Fast-
    growing             China             8.7          9.6          8.1             8.3             8.3                 8.1
    economies
                        Singapore        –2.1          4.9          4.8             5.2             4.9                 5.3
                        South Korea       0.1          5.1          4.0             4.3             4.2                 4.0
                        Euro zone        –4.0          0.8          1.1             1.6             1.8                 1.9
                        France           –2.2          1.4          1.3             1.7             1.9                 2.0
                        Germany          –5.0          1.1          1.2             2.0             2.1                 2.2
                        United Kingdom   –5.0          0.7          0.9             1.2             1.5                 1.4

    Mature              Italy            –4.9          0.8          0.8             1.0             1.0                 1.0
    economies           Spain            –3.6         –0.3          0.8             1.2             1.6                 1.9
                        United States    –2.5          2.5          1.4             2.0             2.2                 2.3
                        Japan            –5.1          1.5          1.1             1.2             1.0                 0.9



  Source: Economist Intelligence Unit.



◊ Eighty percent of BIC respondents said their company       Exhibit 16. Innovation Is a Much Higher
  considers innovation leading to new-to-the-world prod-     Priority in the BIC Countries Than in
  ucts for new markets important or very important to        Mature Ones
  their success, versus 67 percent of respondents from
  mature economies. While the days of “copy cat” inno-
                                                                          Where does innovation rank among
  vation in the BIC countries are certainly not over, the                 your company’s strategic priorities?
  aspiration and funding for a new approach are increas-
  ingly in place.                                            Percentage of respondents
                                                                           3                         1
                                                             100                                                         Not a
◊ Seventy-two percent of BIC respondents said their                                         8                       7    priority
                                                                                                     17
  company is satisfied with its investment return on in-                           21
                                                                          33                                    25       Top-ten
  novation spending, versus 49 percent of respondents         80
                                                                                                                         priority
  from mature economies. While there are a number of
                                                                                           51
  possible reasons for this significant difference, the up-     60                                     46
                                                                                  44
  shot is that if a company is more satisfied, it is more                                                                 Top-
  likely to continue, or even to increase, its invest-                    37                                    46       three
                                                              40                                                         priority
  ments.
                                                                                           41
                                                              20                  35                 36
Also worth highlighting is the difference between compa-                   27                                             Top
                                                                                                                22
nies in the BIC countries and their established counter-                                                                 priority
parts when it comes to perceived challenges going for-          0
                                                                      Brazil     India    China     BIC       Mature
ward. Companies from mature economies are most                                                    countries economies
concerned about idea development and being able to           Source: BCG 2010 Senior Executive Innovation Survey.
identify and fund the right ideas. BIC companies, by con-


I                                                                                                                      
trast, see the ability to find, hire, train, and retain talent     Exhibit 17. The Ongoing Leadership Role
as their biggest challenge related to innovation. This is         of the United States Is in Question
likely to be only a transitory concern, though, for several
reasons.                                                                      Do you think U.S. companies will
                                                                               continue to be the world’s most
First, the educational systems in these countries, especial-                 innovative over the next five years?
ly China and India, are already turning out large num-
bers of trained science and engineering graduates and                 Percentage of respondents
have stated goals (and investment plans) to increase                  50        49
those numbers significantly. Second, there are increasing
numbers of nationals returning to many of these coun-                 40
tries, which also have programs in place to lure even more                                        35
of them home.
                                                                      30

Finally, companies in these countries realize that talent is
a major issue and are attacking the challenge aggressive-             20
                                                                                                                    16
ly—and with money. Samsung, for example, undertook a
program as far back as 2006 to hire 250 world leaders in              10
fields it was interested in and to bring them to South Ko-
rea. Companies in Singapore have been very aggressive                  0
in hiring life-science professionals.                                           Yes               No             Not sure


In sum, companies from the BIC countries are attaching            Source: BCG 2010 Senior Executive Innovation Survey.
greater importance to innovation, are more confident,
and are more focused on creating new markets than are
their counterparts in the mature economies. Not surpris-        competitors. So all the work you are undertaking will, at
ingly, the presence of BIC companies on our list of the         best, keep you running toward the next round of cost
most innovative companies is expanding, while the pres-         cuts.
ence of U.S. companies, in particular, is fading. In fact,
when we asked respondents whether the United States             Second, your competitors are themselves working very,
will maintain its acknowledged leadership role in innova-       very hard to become more innovative—they, too, see in-
tion over the next five years, only 49 percent said yes.         novation as a top strategic priority, are increasingly in-
(See Exhibit 17.)                                               vesting more in it, and have redoubled their efforts in or-
                                                                der to be positioned to thrive in the recovery. In fact, in
                                                                our recent experience with companies, we have seen a
Implications for Leaders                                        very significant increase in innovation work, dating back
                                                                to about the middle of 2009. That was when the first
What does all this mean for the managers of businesses          wave of companies realized first, that the world was not
in established economies? We believe there are four ma-         going to end, second, that they were going to survive, and
jor implications that most of these executives have not         third, that large parts of the world were not going to grow
yet fully come to grips with.                                   much anytime soon.

1. Becoming better at innovation is probably the sin-           In response, these companies ramped up their activities
gle most important thing you can do this year. Why?             in the faster-growing parts of the world, started to think
First, if you have survived the Great Recession so far, you     seriously again about M&A, and turned their attention to
have largely mastered the cost, productivity, and opera-        dramatically improving their innovation productivity. If
tional excellence playbook. While you probably still have       you are not one of these companies, you are about a year
a lot of work to do on those fronts, you also have a line of    behind. So you have to improve your innovation capabil-
sight into your next tranche of savings. But so do your         ities if you want to grow and have any real advantage


                                                                                                T B C G
over your competitors (who are trying to do exactly the          spot) will be from countries that you did not have to wor-
same thing).                                                     ry about in the past. Even if your company is headquar-
                                                                 tered in China, India, Brazil, or any of a handful of other
2. If you don’t get better at innovation, your boss (or          RDEs, you rarely had to think of companies from those
board) will eventually either stop spending money on             countries as truly innovative. Well, now you do. As can be
it—or find someone who can improve things. When                   seen from our list of the most innovative companies, the
executives are satisfied with the financial return on an           “BIC-plus” world has arrived on the innovation front and
activity only 55 percent of the time—and when little im-         is quickly moving into the mainstream. To deal with this
provement has been made in whatever is holding back              new reality, you need to increase your investments in
those returns—they won’t continue to spend money on              these countries, not decrease them. These markets and
it forever. (Remember, a risk-averse culture and lengthy         locations offer talent, growth, large and dynamic markets,
development times have been cited as the major hurdles           innovative companies, oen lower costs, and demanding
holding down innovation returns for many years running           consumers exposed to the newest of the new. You lower
in our surveys.) Part of the issue may be that most com-         your investment in these countries at your own risk.
panies can’t even define what they really mean by inno-
vation, let alone measure it. And while there is no right
or wrong definition, you do need a definition that every-



                                                                 W
one agrees on and that aligns with your company’s strat-                      e believe that 2010 will be a year in which cer-
egy (never forget that the purpose of innovation is to                        tain companies and countries create innova-
make money). Do you have such a definition? And do you                         tion capabilities and results that will take their
know whether your company’s innovation efforts are                competitors years to match, if they ever can. To the read-
generating adequate returns? If the Great Recession has          ers of this report we say, you can’t claim that you did not
taught us one thing, it’s that activities that don’t pay don’t   see it coming.
survive.
                                                                 Keeping pace, let alone flourishing, in this environment
3. Top management is really going to have to get its             will demand a two-pronged attack. Your company needs
head into the game this year. In every highly innovative         to be actively innovating both in and for the slower-
company we know, the CEO truly has innovation near the           growth, mature economies, which remain very large and
very center of his or her radar screen. Indeed, the differ-       profitable. Simultaneously, you need to be ever more fo-
ence between a company whose CEO and leadership                  cused—no matter how focused you think you already
team have an “all in” mentality regarding innovation and         are—on the much faster-growing developing economies,
one whose leadership supports innovation merely at an            especially China, India, and Brazil, with their promise of
abstract level is unmistakable—and so is the impact on           large markets and newly innovative competitors. Striking
culture and results.                                             the right balance here will obviously be highly challeng-
                                                                 ing. But the potential competitive rewards of hitting the
If you think your company can win at innovation without          mark are vast—as is the downside of coming up short. In-
your being truly committed, you are wrong and will be            deed, skillful leadership in innovation has never been at
increasingly exposed. Too many companies are being led           such a premium.
by fully committed and engaged leadership teams that
have linked innovation to the company’s business strat-
egy, put in place the needed measurement systems, and
are investing to see the results. If you think innovation is
important, make it a genuine priority.

4. Your company cannot afford to cut back on its in-
novation investments in the BIC countries and other
RDEs. If you thought competition was tough in the past,
just wait. Increasingly, the companies that are coming
into your rearview mirror (or even worse, from your blind


I                                                                                                               
Survey Methodology


In November 2009, this year’s survey was sent electroni-     Automotive and motor vehicles                     42
cally to senior management members of the BusinessWeek       No response                                        1
Market Advisory Board, an online reader panel. Participa-    Total                                          1,590
tion was voluntary and anonymous. The survey closed in
January 2010. In total, 1,590 executives responded, repre-   Position
senting all major markets and industries. The responses      C level
broke down as follows:                                       Chief executive officer                            188
                                                             Chief technology officer                           128
Country or region                                            President                                        117
United States                                         469    Chief operating officer                            115
China                                                 146    Chief financial officer                              90
Other Asian country                                   127    Chief information officer                           85
Germany                                               123    Chairperson                                       58
Japan                                                 116    Chief innovation officer                            36
France                                                 97    Subtotal                                         817
United Kingdom                                         93
South America                                          84    Manager of marketing                             172
Italy                                                  73    Manager of R&D                                   126
India                                                  66    Director of marketing                             74
Spain                                                  65    Director of strategy                              67
Mexico                                                 41    Vice president of marketing                       50
Other European country                                 28    Director of R&D                                   44
Africa                                                 18    Vice president of strategy                        42
Other                                                  44    Vice president of R&D                             18
Total                                               1,590    Other                                            180
                                                             Total                                          1,590
Industry
Financial services                                    330
Technology and telecommunications                     264
Industrial goods and manufacturing                    252
Energy                                                236
Pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and health care       144
Consumer products                                     143
Retail                                                 73
Entertainment and media                                58
Travel, tourism, and hospitality                       47


                                                                                     T B C G
For Further Reading
This survey is a part of BCG’s exten-    Innovation 2009: Making Hard      Tripling the Innovation Success
sive work and research on innova-        Decisions in the Downturn         Rate—with Less Effort
                                         A BCG Senior Management Survey,   BCG Opportunities for Action in
tion and how to make it more effec-       April 2009                        Industrial Goods, February 2008
tive and profitable. A sample of
related publications includes the fol-   Measuring Innovation 2009:        Payback: Reaping the Rewards
lowing:                                  The Need for Action               of Innovation
                                         A BCG Senior Management Survey,   James P. Andrew and Harold L. Sirkin
                                         April 2009                        (Boston: Harvard Business School Press,
                                                                           2007)
                                         Innovation 2008: Is the Tide
                                         Turning?
                                         A BCG Senior Management Survey,
                                         August 2008

                                         Measuring Innovation 2008:
                                         Squandered Opportunities
                                         A BCG Senior Management Survey,
                                         August 2008




I                                                                                                   
Note to the Reader
Acknowledgments                         Kilian Berz                            Xavier Mosquet
Nearly 1,600 executives from around     Partner and Managing Director          Senior Partner and Managing Director
the world, representing all major       +1 416 955 4200                        +1 248 688 3500
markets and industries, responded to    BCG Toronto                            BCG Detroit
BCG’s 2010 Senior Executive Innova-     berz.kilian@bcg.com                    mosquet.xavier@bcg.com
tion Survey. We thank them sincerely
for their participation. We would       Sarah Cairns-Smith                     Massimo Russo
also like to thank the entire BCG       Partner and Managing Director          Partner and Managing Director
team that drove and supported the       +1 617 973 1200                        +1 617 973 1200
survey, in particular Mariya Akmal,     BCG Boston                             BCG Boston
Dustin Burke, and Michael Green-        cairns-smith.sarah@bcg.com             russo.massimo@bcg.com
way. Finally, we would like to ac-
knowledge the editorial and produc-     Mark Kistulinec                        Andrew Taylor
tion assistance of Gary Callahan, Kim   Senior Partner and Managing Director   Partner and Managing Director
Friedman, Gina Goldstein, and Gerry     BCG Atlanta                            +1 312 993 3300
Hill.                                   +1 404 877 5200                        BCG Chicago
                                        kistulinec.mark@bcg.com                taylor.andrew@bcg.com
For Further Contact
For additional information on BCG’s     Mark Lubkeman                          Kim Wagner
thinking on innovation, visit BCG’s     Senior Partner and Managing Director   Senior Partner and Managing Director
innovation topic webpage (http://in-    +1 213 621 2772                        +1 212 446 2800
novation.bcg.com), send an e-mail to    BCG Los Angeles                        BCG New York
innovation@bcg.com, or contact one      lubkeman.mark@bcg.com                  wagner.kim@bcg.com
of the following leaders of the firm’s
innovation activities:                  Steven Mallouk                         Europe
                                        Partner and Managing Director          Georg Beyer
The Americas                            +1 415 732 8000                        Principal
James P. Andrew                         BCG San Francisco                      +49 89 23 17 40
Senior Partner and Managing Director    mallouk.steven@bcg.com                 BCG Munich
+1 312 993 3300                                                                beyer.georg@bcg.com
BCG Chicago                             Joe Manget
andrew.james@bcg.com                    Senior Partner and Managing Director   Vladislav Boutenko
                                        +1 416 955 4200                        Partner and Managing Director
Christine Barton                        BCG Toronto                            +7 495 258 34 34
Partner and Managing Director           manget.joe@bcg.com                     BCG Moscow
+1 214 849 1500                                                                boutenko.vladislav@bcg.com
BCG Dallas
barton.christine@bcg.com




                                                                                     T B C G
Stépan Breedveld                       Anthony Pralle                         Osamu Karita
Senior Partner and Managing Director   Senior Partner and Managing Director   Partner and Managing Director
+ 31 20 548 4000                       +34 91 520 61 00                       +81 3 5211 0300
BCG Amsterdam                          BCG Madrid                             BCG Tokyo
breedveld.stepan@bcg.com               pralle.anthony@bcg.com                 karita.osamu@bcg.com

Massimo Busetti                        Kevin Waddell                          David C. Michael
Senior Partner and Managing Director   Senior Partner and Managing Director   Senior Partner and Managing Director
+ 39 0 2 65 59 91                      +48 22 820 36 00                       +86 10 8527 9000
BCG Milan                              BCG Warsaw                             BCG Beijing
busetti.massimo@bcg.com                waddell.kevin@bcg.com                  michael.david@bcg.com

Knut Haanæs                            Hadi Zablit
Partner and Managing Director          Partner and Managing Director
+47 23 10 20 00                        +33 1 40 17 10 10
BCG Oslo                               BCG Paris
haanaes.knut@bcg.com                   zablit.hadi@bcg.com

Per Hallius                            Asia-Pacific
Senior Partner and Managing Director   Arindam Bhattacharya
+46 8 402 44 00                        Senior Partner and Managing Director
BCG Stockholm                          +91 124 459 7000
hallius.per@bcg.com                    BCG New Delhi
                                       bhattacharya.arindam@bcg.com
Andreas Maurer
Senior Partner and Managing Director   Patrick Forth
+49 2 11 30 11 30                      Senior Partner and Managing Director
BCG Düsseldorf                         +61 2 9323 5600
maurer.andreas@bcg.com                 BCG Sydney
                                       forth.patrick@bcg.com
Tim Monger
Partner and Managing Director
+44 207 753 5353
BCG London
monger.tim@bcg.com




I                                                                                                   
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Innovation 2010 - A Return to Prominence and the Emergence of a New World Order

  • 1. R Innovation 2010 A Return to Prominence—and the Emergence of a New World Order
  • 2. The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) is a global manage- ment consulting firm and the world’s leading advisor on business strategy. We partner with clients in all sectors and regions to identify their highest-value opportunities, address their most critical challenges, and transform their businesses. Our customized approach combines deep in- sight into the dynamics of companies and markets with close collaboration at all levels of the client organization. This ensures that our clients achieve sustainable compet- itive advantage, build more capable organizations, and secure lasting results. Founded in 1963, BCG is a private company with 69 offices in 40 countries. For more infor- mation, please visit www.bcg.com.
  • 3. Innovation 2010 A Return to Prominence—and the Emergence of a New World Order James P. Andrew Joe Manget David C. Michael Andrew Taylor Hadi Zablit April 2010 bcg.com
  • 4. © The Boston Consulting Group, Inc. 2010. All rights reserved. For information or permission to reprint, please contact BCG at: E-mail: bcg-info@bcg.com Fax: +1 617 850 3901, attention BCG/Permissions Mail: BCG/Permissions The Boston Consulting Group, Inc. One Beacon Street Boston, MA 02108 USA
  • 5. Contents Executive Summary 4 Innovation in 2010 6 Innovation Regains Its Priority Status 6 Companies’ Spending Plans 7 Satisfaction with the Return on Innovation Spending 7 Measurement Practices 9 Hurdles to Generating a Higher Return on Innovation Spending 10 Goals and Tactics 12 What Kind of Innovation? 12 Leveraging RDEs 12 The Most Innovative Companies 15 An Emerging New World Order in Innovation? 18 Driving the BICs 18 Implications for Leaders 20 Survey Methodology 22 For Further Reading 23 Note to the Reader 24 I  
  • 6. Executive Summary T he Boston Consulting Group, working in actions that companies and their leaders can take to max- partnership with BusinessWeek, recently imize the return on their innovation efforts in this still completed its seventh annual global survey very challenging economic and business environment. of senior executives on their innovation practices. This report summarizes that sur- Aer a pause in 2009 that reflected companies’ grow- vey’s results. It covers the full suite of interrelated activi- ing concerns about the economy, innovation is once ties involved in turning ideas into financial returns, going again a top priority for most companies. well beyond ideation and new-product development to include such issues as portfolio and life-cycle manage- ◊ A large majority of companies consider innovation a ment, organizational alignment, and demands on lead- top strategic priority for 2010. Seventy-two percent of ers. It discusses what works and what doesn’t and the ac- respondents said that their company considers it a top- tions companies are taking to make innovation happen. three priority, versus 64 percent in 2009. This percent- Finally, the report offers pragmatic advice for individuals age matches the highest reading seen in the seven who want to make a difference in their organizations. years we have been conducting the survey. Our survey revealed that, aer a moderate retrenchment ◊ Fully 84 percent of respondents said their company in 2009, companies have recommitted to pursuing inno- considers innovation an important or extremely im- vation in 2010. They have pushed it back to the top of portant lever in its ability to reap the benefits of an their priority lists and plan to boost their innovation economic recovery. spending—despite the stagnant economy. Indeed, many companies consider innovation a key weapon in their ef- Companies’ willingness to spend on innovation, and forts to seize the benefits of a tentatively emerging eco- their satisfaction with the return on innovation nomic recovery. The report also postulates that a new spending, are inching higher. world order in innovation is taking hold, one in which rapidly developing economies (RDEs), led by China, In- ◊ The majority of companies expect to raise innovation dia, and Brazil, will increasingly assume more prominent spending in 2010. Sixty-one percent of respondents positions, while the United States and other mature econ- (versus 58 percent in 2009) said their company plans omies continue to play major roles but gradually become to boost spending; 26 percent said their company less dominant. plans to raise it significantly (that is, by more than 10 percent). Only 8 percent of respondents said their com- This report examines these and a host of other innova- pany plans to reduce innovation spending, versus 14 tion-related topics, including which types of innovation percent who said so in 2009. companies consider most critical to their success, what companies consider to be the biggest obstacles to raising ◊ Companies’ satisfaction with their return on innova- their return on innovation spending, and how innovation tion spending continues to edge higher—but remains is regarded within organizations. The report also suggests relatively low. Fiy-five percent of respondents said  T B C G
  • 7. their company is satisfied, versus 43 percent in 2008 The organizations that top our list of the most inno- and 52 percent in 2009. vative companies remain unchallenged—but a lon- ger-term change seems to be under way. ◊ The majority of senior executives (that is, C-level ex- ecutives and vice presidents) and decision makers ◊ For the fourth straight year, respondents ranked Apple (that is, directors and managers) are satisfied with the and Google the two most innovative companies, with return on innovation spending. In sharp contrast, little Apple once again the hands-down winner. Apple has more than a third of other employees—36 percent of held the top spot in our survey since 2005. respondents—are satisfied. ◊ There is much to suggest that a new world order is Caution remains in the air, however, and companies emerging, with RDEs, led by China, India, and Brazil, are adjusting their strategies and tactics. gradually assuming more prominent positions, while the United States and the other mature economies ◊ Reflecting lingering caution about the economy, com- continue to play major roles but gradually become less panies continue to ramp up their emphasis on innova- dominant. tion geared toward minor improvements to existing products and services (as opposed to, for example, in- ◊ Less than half of survey respondents believe that U.S. novation targeting the launch of new products). Eighty companies will remain the most innovative over the percent of survey respondents said their company con- next five years. siders this type of innovation important or extremely important, versus 55 percent in 2008 and 65 percent in 2009. About the Authors ◊ Businesses are tempering their innovation investments James P. Andrew is a senior partner and managing direc- in RDEs. Forty-one percent of respondents said their tor in the Chicago office of The Boston Consulting Group; company plans to raise its R&D investment in RDEs in you may contact him by e-mail at andrew.james@bcg. 2010, down from 45 percent in 2009. Simultaneously, com. Joe Manget is a senior partner and managing direc- companies are broadening the types of innovation tor in the firm’s Toronto office; you may contact him by functions they are targeting with those investments. In e-mail at manget.joe@bcg.com. David C. Michael is a se- particular, they are aggressively expanding their em- nior partner and managing director in BCG’s Beijing of- phasis on product development and idea generation. fice; you may contact him by e-mail at michael.david@ bcg.com. Andrew Taylor is a partner and managing di- Executives consider a risk-averse corporate culture, rector in the firm’s Chicago office; you may contact him lengthy product-development times, and inadequate by e-mail at taylor.andrew@bcg.com. Hadi Zablit is a measurement practices to be key areas of weakness. partner and managing director in BCG’s Paris office; you may contact him by e-mail at zablit.hadi@bcg.com. ◊ Executives identify a risk-averse corporate culture and lengthy product-development times as the two biggest factors holding down the return on their innovation spending. ◊ The majority of companies are dissatisfied with their innovation-measurement practices. Only 41 percent of respondents said that their company is measuring ef- fectively. Customer satisfaction and overall revenue growth are the two main gauges that companies use to determine the success of their innovation efforts. I  
  • 8. Innovation in 2010 I nnovation, aer a brief pause, is back. That was by China, India, and Brazil, are in the ascendancy and the headline message conveyed by our latest an- gradually assume the reins from established economies, nual survey on the topic, which reflects the in- in particular the United States, which has long been (and sights of nearly 1,600 executives. Companies had remains) the torchbearer for innovation. The implications taken a relatively defensive stance on innovation of this trend, especially for managers, are sizable. heading into 2009, easing back on spending plans and keeping a closer eye on costs. While that caution has cer- Below we discuss the current state of play in innovation, tainly not vanished, the general outlook is significantly starting with the importance companies are attaching to more positive. Companies believe in innovation, consider innovation and how that translates into spending plans. it critical (especially in the current economic environ- ment), and are increasingly willing to spend more to be- come more innovative. Innovation Regains Its Priority Status Simultaneously, there is much to suggest that a new world Aer falling for several years, innovation’s status as a order in innovation is emerging, one in which RDEs, led strategic priority bounced back strongly in 2010. (See Ex- Exhibit 1. Innovation Returned to Prominence in 2010 Where does innovation rank among Percentage of respondents who consider your company’s strategic priorities? innovation a top-three strategic priority Percentage of respondents Percentage of respondents 100 45 40 80 72 72 66 66 64 30 60 26 23 20 40 20 6 0 0 Top Top-three Top-ten Not 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 1 priority priority1 priority a priority Sources: BCG Senior Executive Innovation Surveys, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006. 1 The total percentage of respondents who said that innovation is one of their company’s top-three priorities rounds to 72 percent.  T B C G
  • 9. hibit 1.) Seventy-two percent of respondents said it is one Exhibit 2. Innovative Companies Typically of their company’s top-three strategic priorities, up sig- Generate Superior Returns nificantly from the 64 percent who said so in 2009. Inno- for Shareholders vation is deemed particularly important by the travel and tourism and retail industries; 79 percent and 77 percent Three- and ten-year annualized of respondents from those industries, respectively, said total-shareholder-return premiums that their company considers it important or extremely of innovative companies compared with their industry peers important. Annualized TSR premium (%) A strong majority of respondents—fully 84 percent—also 20 said they consider innovation important or extremely im- 16.5 15 portant for positioning their company to benefit from an 12.4 12.0 economic recovery. This view held across industries, with 10 automakers, in particular, deeming it essential (93 per- 7.2 6.0 cent of respondents from that industry said they consider 5 it vital). 2.0 2.0 0 As we have noted in previous reports, making innovation –1.9 a top priority pays off. There is a strong correlation be- –5 Global Americas European Asia-Pacific tween innovation prowess and overall business success, innovators innovators innovators innovators as evidenced by the organizations that consistently top Three-year premium Ten-year premium our list of the most innovative companies. Emphasizing innovation is also a proven boon to shareholders. We Sources: BCG 2010 Senior Executive Innovation Survey; BCG ValueScience Center analysis. looked at the total shareholder returns of the most inno- Note: Returns were annualized for December 31, 2006, to December vative companies (as identified by our survey respon- 31, 2009, for the three-year comparison, and for December 31,1999, to December 31, 2009, for the ten-year comparison, and account for dents) versus those of their industry peers for the three- price appreciation and dividends. To generate the comparison data, and ten-year periods ending December 31, 2009; the we compared the TSR of each innovative company, as identified by survey respondents, with the TSR of its industry overall and averaged results were compelling. (See Exhibit 2.) Globally, on an the differences globally and by region. annualized basis, innovators outperformed their peers by a whopping 12.4 percentage points over three years and by a more modest but still significant 2 percentage points raise innovation spending, and 36 percent said their com- per year over ten years. The bottom line: if you are an in- pany would do so significantly. vestor, you’d do well to seek out innovative companies. Satisfaction with the Return Companies’ Spending Plans on Innovation Spending Consistent with this heightened emphasis on innovation, One factor that may be driving the uptick in spending companies are nudging up their spending. Sixty-one per- plans is rising satisfaction with the return on innovation cent of respondents said that their company plans to spending. While the level of satisfaction is still low—only boost its innovation spending (versus 58 percent in 2009); 55 percent of respondents said that their company is sat- 26 percent said their company plans to raise spending sig- isfied—it has been on the rise for the last three years. nificantly (that is, by more than 10 percent). And only (See Exhibit 4.) Satisfaction is particularly strong this year 8 percent of respondents said their company plans to re- among consumer products companies; 64 percent of re- duce innovation spending, versus 14 percent who said so spondents from that industry said that their company is in 2009. (See Exhibit 3.) satisfied. By industry, automotive companies are the most bullish: Worth noting, though, is the persistent difference in view 69 percent of respondents said their company would between senior executives and decision makers and the I  
  • 10. Exhibit 3. Sixty-One Percent of Companies Plan to Increase Their Innovation Spending, While Only 8 Percent Plan to Reduce It How will your company’s investments in innovation compare with its investments last year? Percentage of respondents 40 35 32 31 30 28 26 26 20 10 9 5 5 3 0 Increase Increase Stay Decrease Decrease significantly slightly roughly slightly significantly (>10%) (1%–10%) the same (1%–10%) (>10%) 2009 2010 Sources: BCG Senior Executive Innovation Surveys, 2010, 2009. Exhibit 4. Satisfaction with the Return on rest of the company. Simply put, the top brass are far Innovation Spending Has Risen for the more satisfied. In 2010, the majority of C- and VP-level Past Three Years but Remains Low executives, directors, and managers said they were satis- fied with their company’s return on innovation spending, versus only 36 percent of other employees. (See Exhibit Are you satisfied with the financial return on your investments in innovation? 5.) C-level executives are the most satisfied (59 percent of respondents), as they have been historically in our sur- Percentage of respondents veys. Given the role that these executives, particularly the 60 57 CEO, play in their organizations’ innovation efforts—the 55 52 CEO has consistently been identified as the biggest force 48 43 45 driving innovation in our surveys—this enthusiasm is 40 perhaps not surprising. (See Exhibit 6.) In fact, it’s prob- ably vital to have a bullish CEO if innovation is critical to your company. 20 But the ongoing gap in perspective between top execu- tives and the rest of the organization may be indicative of problems—or problems to come. Assuming that the 0 CEO is, in fact, correct in his or her assessment, he or she Yes No/Not sure should ultimately be able to sell that vision to the rest of 2008 2009 2010 the company. But clearly this hasn’t happened. Could it be that CEOs and other top executives are wrong? Does Sources: BCG Senior Executive Innovation Surveys, 2010, 2009, 2008. the rest of the company have a better read on the true state of affairs? Obviously both sides can’t be right.  T B C G
  • 11. Exhibit 5. Satisfaction With the Return on A final thought on the topic of leadership: CEOs are the most recognized leaders of companies’ innovation efforts. Innovation Spending Correlates Closely Yet only 28 percent of survey respondents identified the with Position in the Organization CEO as the key driver at their company. This suggests a general absence of high-level leadership regarding inno- Are you satisfied with your company’s return on innovation spending? vation—and a real opportunity for many companies to improve. Percentage of respondents who said “yes” 60 59 58 54 53 Measurement Practices Gauging returns on innovation spending with any confi- 40 36 dence requires proper measurement. Are most compa- nies hitting the mark? Based on our survey, the answer is no. Only 41 percent of respondents said they are satisfied with their company’s measurement practices. 20 The choice of metrics is undoubtedly part of the problem. Companies’ biggest flaw is typically that they undermeas- 0 ure. Our 2009 report Measuring Innovation 2009: The Need C-level Vice Director Manager Other for Action revealed that the majority of companies use president only 5 or fewer metrics. In contrast, our experience has Source: BCG 2010 Senior Executive Innovation Survey. shown that 10 to 12 metrics are required to provide the information necessary to really manage, rather than Exhibit 6. CEOs Are Innovation’s Biggest Champions Who is the biggest force driving innovation at your company? Percentage of respondents 30 28 20 19 10 10 8 8 6 5 5 4 4 2 0 Chief President Chairperson Chief Vice Chief Vice Vice Chief Vice Other executive operating president information president president financial president officer officer or head officer or head of or head of officer or head of of R&D marketing innovation strategy Source: BCG 2010 Senior Executive Innovation Survey. I  
  • 12. Exhibit 7. Customer Satisfaction and Overall Revenue Growth Are the Most Commonly Used Metrics How does your company measure its success at innovation? Percentage of respondents 50 45 40 40 35 30 29 27 26 26 25 20 20 15 10 0 Customer Overall Percentage Higher New- Return on Projected Number Time to Patents satisfaction revenue of sales margins product innovation versus actual of new market growth from new success spending performance products products or ratios or services services Source: BCG 2010 Senior Executive Innovation Survey. merely react to, the innovation process. Companies go ideas into cash, however, the lack of progress in actually wrong in other ways as well. They measure the wrong improving time to market is totally understandable. things, they fail to tie incentives to metrics so that the metrics “stick”—or, in some cases, they do not measure at all. Hurdles to Generating a Higher Return on Innovation Spending When companies do measure innovation, which metrics do they use? In past surveys, the two most widely em- What do companies believe is weighing down their re- ployed yardsticks were customer satisfaction and overall turn on innovation spending? Respondents identified a revenue growth. That remains the case in 2010, with 45 broad mix of challenges. (See Exhibit 8.) The most fre- percent and 40 percent of respondents, respectively, nam- quently cited were a risk-averse corporate culture (31 per- ing these two metrics. (See Exhibit 7.) Neither of these cent of respondents) and lengthy development times (30 measures is perfect, it should be noted, since both are in- percent), which have been the top two responses for the fluenced by many other factors besides a company’s in- past several years. A risk-averse culture is a particular novation capabilities or success. problem for retailers (40 percent of respondents from that industry identified it) and makers of consumer prod- One metric that continues to be underutilized is time to ucts (36 percent). Long development times are a major market—this year, only 20 percent of respondents said barrier for entertainment and media companies (40 per- their company monitored it. Given that respondents have cent of respondents) and, not surprisingly, pharmaceuti- consistently identified lack of speed as one of their com- cal companies (38 percent). pany’s biggest weaknesses, as well as one of the biggest hurdles to raising their return on innovation spending, It is noteworthy that, as in past years, relatively few re- the neglect of this measure remains perplexing. Given the spondents (22 percent) identified a shortage of great persistent failure to measure the time it takes to turn ideas as a major hurdle. (The noteworthy exception is  T B C G
  • 13. Exhibit 8. A Risk-Averse Culture and Lengthy Development Times Are the Biggest Hurdles to Improving the Return on Innovation Spending What are the biggest obstacles you face when it comes to generating a return on your investments in innovation? Percentage of respondents 40 31 30 30 26 24 22 22 21 21 21 20 20 10 0 Risk- Lengthy Inability to Lack of Compensation Insufficient averse development adequately coordination not tied support from culture times measure within the to innovation leadership and performance company results management Difficulty selecting Not enough Ineffective Not enough the right ideas to great ideas marketing and customer commercialize communications insight Source: BCG 2010 Senior Executive Innovation Survey. travel and tourism companies: 34 percent of respondents But generating ideas and turning those ideas into cash from that industry identified it as a challenge.) In fact, are two entirely different things, as most companies learn most organizations have any number of promising ideas. fairly quickly. I  
  • 14. Goals and Tactics O ur survey revealed some interesting shis Simultaneously, there has been a noticeable change in in companies’ innovation goals and how the importance attached to the more conservative end of they plan to achieve them. Specifically, we the innovation spectrum. Innovation leading to minor looked at the types of innovation that changes in existing products and services has been climb- companies target and their use of RDEs. ing as a priority and jumped a full 15 percentage points in 2010. And while the importance of innovation leading to cost reductions in existing offerings didn’t rise in 2010, What Kind of Innovation? it stayed essentially unchanged from 2009, which saw a strong jump from the previous year. Innovation comes in a variety of forms, from small chang- es to existing products and services to new offerings that What this suggests is that, while companies have pushed launch whole industries. For the past four years, we have innovation to the front burner in terms of priority and asked respondents to identify the importance of innova- are loosening their purse strings a bit, they remain cau- tion leading to five different types of output: tious and are hedging their bets about the economy. Rather than moving aggressively to discover, invent, and ◊ “New to the world” products or services that create en- capitalize on new growth areas, they are emphasizing tirely new markets safe bets and trying to prepare for a range of scenarios. ◊ New offerings that allow expansion into new customer There were some noteworthy findings by industry. New groups products and services for new customer groups were deemed a particularly key objective by automakers (93 ◊ New offerings for existing customers percent of respondents said this category was important or very important) and energy companies (88 percent). ◊ Incremental changes to existing offerings New offerings for existing customers were identified as a high priority by manufacturing companies (90 percent of ◊ Lower production costs for existing offerings (through respondents). Minor changes to existing products and ser- the use of cheaper materials, for example) vices were identified as key by travel and tourism compa- nies (93 percent) and retailers (85 percent). As Exhibit 9 shows, innovation leading to new offerings for existing customers has been the top choice each year, followed by new offerings that allow expansion into new Leveraging RDEs customer groups. The importance that companies assign to the latter has been and remains rock solid, but there Interestingly, aer a strong rise in commitment to RDEs has been an ongoing easing back of the priority attached in 2009—45 percent of survey respondents said that their to new offerings for existing customers. This trend contin- company planned to raise its investment in RDEs, versus ued in 2010. 37 percent who said so in 2008—companies now appear  T B C G
  • 15. Exhibit 9. Companies Are Raising Their Emphasis on the Conservative End of the Innovation Spectrum How important are these types of innovation to your company’s future success? Percentage of respondents who said “important” or “very important” +51% 100 92 89 88 87 +13% 85 85 85 85 80 80 73 70 73 72 65 66 65 64 64 60 53 55 40 20 0 New-to- New offerings that New Minor Cost the-world allow expansion offerings changes to reductions offerings into new customer for existing existing for existing groups customers offerings offerings 2007 2008 2009 2010 Sources: BCG Senior Executive Innovation Surveys, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007. to be tempering their enthusiasm. (See Exhibit 10.) Forty- have also broadened the focus of their investments. (See one percent of respondents said that their company Exhibit 11.) Perhaps most noteworthy, they are planning would raise its investment in RDEs in 2010. And 42 per- to raise investments in testing, design, and basic re- cent said that their company would not do so, up from 35 search—a clear signal that they are growing increasingly percent in 2009. There could be a number of reasons for comfortable with utilizing RDEs for higher-value-added the change in sentiment, ranging from general concerns functions. Companies are also planning significant in- about risk to political constraints (moving jobs overseas creases in product development and idea generation. Six- in the current economic climate risks a major backlash ty-two percent of respondents said that their company and damage to a company’s brand). would raise its RDE investments in product development in 2010 (versus 49 percent who said so in 2009), led by fi- In terms of country and regional allocations, China looks nancial services companies (64 percent) and manufactur- to be the biggest winner in 2010—fully half of the re- ers (63 percent). Forty-one percent of respondents said spondents who said that their company would increase their company would raise its investment in idea genera- its RDE investment said it would raise its spending there. tion (versus 28 percent in 2009). By industry, the most bullish on China are manufacturers (57 percent of respondents), pharmaceutical companies (54 percent), and technology and telecommunications businesses (54 percent). At the other end of the spectrum are consumer products companies—only 39 percent of respondents from that industry said their company would raise its spending in China. Interestingly, while companies have turned more cau- tious on increasing their aggregate RDE investment, they I  
  • 16. Exhibit 10. Growth in RDE Spending Is Slowing Down... Is your company planning to If so, in which countries or regions will it increase its innovation investments be increasing its investments? in low-cost countries or regions? Percentage of respondents Percentage of respondents 50 80 45 41 41 42 67 40 37 61 35 60 50 30 22 40 37 20 32 33 33 31 20 30 17 26 28 26 28 25 20 10 0 0 0 Yes No Not sure India China Eastern Latin Southeast Europe America Asia 2008 2009 2010 Sources: BCG Senior Executive Innovation Surveys, 2010, 2009, 2008. Exhibit 11. ...but Companies Are Broadening the Focus of Their RDE Investments If your company plans to increase its allocation to RDEs, which of the following types of innovation investment will it be making? 49 Product development 62 28 Idea generation 41 30 Testing 37 31 Design 36 28 Basic research 34 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Percentage of respondents 2009 2010 Sources: BCG Senior Executive Innovation Surveys, 2010, 2009.  T B C G
  • 17. The Most Innovative Companies W hich are the world’s most innovative There is also a fair amount of year-over-year consistency companies? We put the question to elsewhere near the top of the list, despite some shuffling survey respondents and, as we have in rank. But the list is far from static. Indeed, newcomer done for the past three years, supple- BYD Company, a Chinese manufacturer of automobiles mented their answers with a weight- and rechargeable batteries, notched an impressive eighth- ed average of their respective companies’ performance place ranking. The company is the torchbearer for a small along three financial measures: three-year shareholder re- but noteworthy collection of companies from RDEs that turns, three-year revenue growth, and three-year margin this year made the top-50 list for the first time. (See Ex- growth. (Respondents’ votes counted for 80 percent of the hibit 13 and the next chapter.) ranking, shareholder returns for 10 percent, and revenue and margin growth for 5 percent each.) In addition, there were a number of big moves among more widely known businesses. LG Electronics, for exam- The results are presented in Exhibit 12. There were few ple, moved to 7th place on the list from 27th in 2009. Intel surprises at the very top of the list. Apple and Google (which moved to 12th place from 33rd) and Ford Motor once again took the top two spots, as they have for the Company (which moved to 13th from 31st) also saw large last four years. Apple’s ongoing dominance, in particular, rises in rank. merits comment. The company has held the number-one ranking since 2005. Can it maintain its viselike grip on the Finally, we asked respondents to identify the most inno- top spot? To gauge opinions, we asked respondents to vative companies within their respective industries. Ex- name the company they consider most likely to topple hibit 14 shows the top five in each industry. These results Apple within the next five years. The two names men- are based solely on respondents’ votes (no financial crite- tioned most oen, perhaps not surprisingly, were Google ria were used in these rankings). and Microso . But it is worth noting that the third most frequent response was “no one,” suggesting that many believe Apple will not fade anytime soon. Time will tell. I  
  • 18. Exhibit 12. The Most Innovative Companies Which global companies do you consider the most innovatiive? Rank Company Headquarters 1 Apple United States 2 Google United States 3 Microso Corporation United States 4 IBM Corporation United States 5 Toyota Motor Corporation Japan 6 Amazon.com United States 7 LG Electronics South Korea 8 BYD Company China 9 General Electric Company United States 10 Sony Corporation Japan 11 Samsung Electronics South Korea 12 Intel Corporation United States 13 Ford Motor Company United States 14 Research in Motion Canada 15 Volkswagen Germany 16 Hewlett-Packard Development Company United States 17 Tata Group India 18 BMW Group Germany 19 The Coca-Cola Company United States 20 Nintendo Japan 21 Wal-Mart Stores United States 22 Hyundai Motor Company South Korea 23 Nokia Corporation Finland 24 Virgin Group United Kingdom 25 Procter & Gamble United States 26 Honda Motor Company Japan 27 Fast Retailing Company Japan 28 Haier Electronics Group China 29 McDonald’s United States 30 Lenovo China 31 Cisco Systems United States 32 The Walt Disney Company United States 33 Reliance Industries India 34 Siemens Corporation Germany 35 Dell United States 36 Nestlé Switzerland 37 British Sky Broadcasting United Kingdom 38 Vodafone Group United Kingdom 39 JPMorgan Chase & Company United States 40 Oracle Corporation United States 41 Petrobras Brasileiro Brazil 42 Banco Santander Spain 43 Fiat Automobiles Italy 44 China Mobile China 45 The Goldman Sachs Group United States 46 Nike United States 47 HTC Corporation Taiwan 48 Facebook United States 49 HSBC Group United Kingdom 50 Verizon Communications United States Source: BCG 2010 Senior Executive Innovation Survey. Note: Rankings are based on a combination of survey responses (80 percent weighting), three-year TSR (10 percent), three-year revenue growth (5 percent), and three-year margin growth (5 percent).  T B C G
  • 19. Exhibit 13. The Emergence of a New Guard? All but one of the first-time entrants to our most-innovative list hail from outside the United States Rank Industry Headquarters BYD Company 8 Automotive China Fast Retailing Company 27 Retail Japan Haier Electronics Group 28 Industrial China Oracle Corporation 40 Technology/telecom United States Petrobras Brasileiro 41 Energy Brazil China Mobile 44 Technology/telecom China HTC Corporation 47 Technology/telecom Taiwan Source: BCG 2010 Senior Executive Innovation Survey. Exhibit 14. Respondents Named the Most Innovative Companies by Industry 1. The Goldman Sachs Group 1. BP 2. HSBC Group 2. Royal Dutch Shell Financial 3. JPMorgan Chase & Company Energy 3. E.ON services 4. Citigroup 4. Exxon Mobil Corporation 5. ING Group 5. Chevron Corporation 1. Apple 1. Toyota Motor Corporation 2. Google 2. Ford Motor Company Technology and Automotive and 3. Microso Corporation 3. Volkswagen telecommunications motor vehicles 4. IBM Corporation 4. BMW Group 5. Cisco Systems 5. Honda Motor Company 1. Pfizer 1. Wal-Mart Stores Pharmaceuticals, 2. GlaxoSmithKline 2. Amazon.com biotechnology, 3. Bayer Retail 3. Target Corporation and health care 4. Novartis Corporation 4. Fast Retailing Company 5. Merck & Company 5. Tesco 1. The Walt Disney Company 1. Apple 2. Sony Corporation 2. Procter & Gamble Entertainment Consumer 3. Apple 3. Unilever and media products 4. News Corporation 4. Sony Corporation 5. Google 5. Samsung Electronics 1. General Electric Company 1. TUI Travel Industrial 2. Siemens Corporation 2. Hilton Hotels Corporation Travel, tourism, goods and 3. 3M 3. Marriott International and hospitality manufacturing 4. Toyota Motor Company 4. Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide 5. Boeing 5. Virgin Group Source: BCG 2010 Senior Executive Innovation Survey. I  
  • 20. An Emerging New World Order in Innovation? T he world’s economically mature countries, They realize that innovation is the next battleground, and led by the United States, have been the prin- they are aggressively fighting that battle now. Anecdotal cipal players on the innovation stage for de- evidence from our 2010 survey makes this crystal clear. cades. But there is much to suggest that this For example: era of unquestioned dominance is fading. RDEs led by Brazil, India, and China (the BIC countries) ◊ Eighty-two percent of respondents from the BIC coun- are in the ascendancy and appear poised to put a major tries said that their company considers innovation a dent in the mature economies’ self-image and position, if top or top-three priority—for respondents from China, not to assume their leadership role outright. it was 92 percent—versus 68 percent of respondents from mature economies. Thirty-six percent of BIC re- spondents said their company considers innovation its Driving the BICs top priority, versus 22 percent of respondents from ma- ture economies. (See Exhibit 16.) What is powering the companies based in RDEs? First, consider the projected economic growth rates of some of ◊ Fiy-two percent of BIC respondents consider innova- these countries. (See Exhibit 15.) China and India, in par- tion extremely important to their ability to benefit ticular, dwarf the mature economies. Even Brazil’s pro- from an economic recovery, versus only 31 percent of jected growth, which is far more modest, is double that of respondents from mature economies. Note that these the United States. Why does growth matter? Especially respondents are in countries that will come out of the when it is not solely commodity based, growth means Great Recession far faster than those in more mature more customers, more revenues, and, ultimately, greater economies. wherewithal to fund innovation efforts. So growth by it- self provides a strong tailwind that supports innovation. ◊ Eighty-five percent of BIC respondents said their com- pany plans to increase its innovation spending in 2010, Many RDEs add highly supportive government policies versus 53 percent of respondents from mature econo- to the mix, creating an even more potent brew. Such pol- mies. And again, given the higher growth rates of the icies take a range of forms. Some have a specific focus BIC economies, and the fact that they started to come and an immediate effect, such as large, permanent R&D out of the downturn sooner, BIC companies will have tax credits. Others have a less direct impact but can trans- the ability to fund these increasing levels of invest- late into sizable benefits—for example, building a high- ment more easily (and more consistently) than might quality workforce through educational programs and im- be the case for companies in the mature economies. migration policy.1 1. See The Innovation Imperative in Manufacturing: How the United In short, many of these countries, and in particular the States Can Restore Its Edge, BCG and the National Association of Manufacturers report, March 2009. This report takes a comprehen- BIC countries, are committed to innovation and are in- sive look at the innovation backdrop in more than 100 countries vesting heavily to build their innovation competitiveness. around the world.  T B C G
  • 21. Exhibit 15. RDEs, Led by the BIC Countries, Are Projected to Significantly Outshine Their More Mature Counterparts Real GDP 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 growth (%) Brazil –0.3 5.5 5.1 4.9 4.6 4.6 India 6.8 7.7 8.0 8.2 8.0 7.9 Fast- growing China 8.7 9.6 8.1 8.3 8.3 8.1 economies Singapore –2.1 4.9 4.8 5.2 4.9 5.3 South Korea 0.1 5.1 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.0 Euro zone –4.0 0.8 1.1 1.6 1.8 1.9 France –2.2 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.9 2.0 Germany –5.0 1.1 1.2 2.0 2.1 2.2 United Kingdom –5.0 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.4 Mature Italy –4.9 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 economies Spain –3.6 –0.3 0.8 1.2 1.6 1.9 United States –2.5 2.5 1.4 2.0 2.2 2.3 Japan –5.1 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.9 Source: Economist Intelligence Unit. ◊ Eighty percent of BIC respondents said their company Exhibit 16. Innovation Is a Much Higher considers innovation leading to new-to-the-world prod- Priority in the BIC Countries Than in ucts for new markets important or very important to Mature Ones their success, versus 67 percent of respondents from mature economies. While the days of “copy cat” inno- Where does innovation rank among vation in the BIC countries are certainly not over, the your company’s strategic priorities? aspiration and funding for a new approach are increas- ingly in place. Percentage of respondents 3 1 100 Not a ◊ Seventy-two percent of BIC respondents said their 8 7 priority 17 company is satisfied with its investment return on in- 21 33 25 Top-ten novation spending, versus 49 percent of respondents 80 priority from mature economies. While there are a number of 51 possible reasons for this significant difference, the up- 60 46 44 shot is that if a company is more satisfied, it is more Top- likely to continue, or even to increase, its invest- 37 46 three 40 priority ments. 41 20 35 36 Also worth highlighting is the difference between compa- 27 Top 22 nies in the BIC countries and their established counter- priority parts when it comes to perceived challenges going for- 0 Brazil India China BIC Mature ward. Companies from mature economies are most countries economies concerned about idea development and being able to Source: BCG 2010 Senior Executive Innovation Survey. identify and fund the right ideas. BIC companies, by con- I  
  • 22. trast, see the ability to find, hire, train, and retain talent Exhibit 17. The Ongoing Leadership Role as their biggest challenge related to innovation. This is of the United States Is in Question likely to be only a transitory concern, though, for several reasons. Do you think U.S. companies will continue to be the world’s most First, the educational systems in these countries, especial- innovative over the next five years? ly China and India, are already turning out large num- bers of trained science and engineering graduates and Percentage of respondents have stated goals (and investment plans) to increase 50 49 those numbers significantly. Second, there are increasing numbers of nationals returning to many of these coun- 40 tries, which also have programs in place to lure even more 35 of them home. 30 Finally, companies in these countries realize that talent is a major issue and are attacking the challenge aggressive- 20 16 ly—and with money. Samsung, for example, undertook a program as far back as 2006 to hire 250 world leaders in 10 fields it was interested in and to bring them to South Ko- rea. Companies in Singapore have been very aggressive 0 in hiring life-science professionals. Yes No Not sure In sum, companies from the BIC countries are attaching Source: BCG 2010 Senior Executive Innovation Survey. greater importance to innovation, are more confident, and are more focused on creating new markets than are their counterparts in the mature economies. Not surpris- competitors. So all the work you are undertaking will, at ingly, the presence of BIC companies on our list of the best, keep you running toward the next round of cost most innovative companies is expanding, while the pres- cuts. ence of U.S. companies, in particular, is fading. In fact, when we asked respondents whether the United States Second, your competitors are themselves working very, will maintain its acknowledged leadership role in innova- very hard to become more innovative—they, too, see in- tion over the next five years, only 49 percent said yes. novation as a top strategic priority, are increasingly in- (See Exhibit 17.) vesting more in it, and have redoubled their efforts in or- der to be positioned to thrive in the recovery. In fact, in our recent experience with companies, we have seen a Implications for Leaders very significant increase in innovation work, dating back to about the middle of 2009. That was when the first What does all this mean for the managers of businesses wave of companies realized first, that the world was not in established economies? We believe there are four ma- going to end, second, that they were going to survive, and jor implications that most of these executives have not third, that large parts of the world were not going to grow yet fully come to grips with. much anytime soon. 1. Becoming better at innovation is probably the sin- In response, these companies ramped up their activities gle most important thing you can do this year. Why? in the faster-growing parts of the world, started to think First, if you have survived the Great Recession so far, you seriously again about M&A, and turned their attention to have largely mastered the cost, productivity, and opera- dramatically improving their innovation productivity. If tional excellence playbook. While you probably still have you are not one of these companies, you are about a year a lot of work to do on those fronts, you also have a line of behind. So you have to improve your innovation capabil- sight into your next tranche of savings. But so do your ities if you want to grow and have any real advantage  T B C G
  • 23. over your competitors (who are trying to do exactly the spot) will be from countries that you did not have to wor- same thing). ry about in the past. Even if your company is headquar- tered in China, India, Brazil, or any of a handful of other 2. If you don’t get better at innovation, your boss (or RDEs, you rarely had to think of companies from those board) will eventually either stop spending money on countries as truly innovative. Well, now you do. As can be it—or find someone who can improve things. When seen from our list of the most innovative companies, the executives are satisfied with the financial return on an “BIC-plus” world has arrived on the innovation front and activity only 55 percent of the time—and when little im- is quickly moving into the mainstream. To deal with this provement has been made in whatever is holding back new reality, you need to increase your investments in those returns—they won’t continue to spend money on these countries, not decrease them. These markets and it forever. (Remember, a risk-averse culture and lengthy locations offer talent, growth, large and dynamic markets, development times have been cited as the major hurdles innovative companies, oen lower costs, and demanding holding down innovation returns for many years running consumers exposed to the newest of the new. You lower in our surveys.) Part of the issue may be that most com- your investment in these countries at your own risk. panies can’t even define what they really mean by inno- vation, let alone measure it. And while there is no right or wrong definition, you do need a definition that every- W one agrees on and that aligns with your company’s strat- e believe that 2010 will be a year in which cer- egy (never forget that the purpose of innovation is to tain companies and countries create innova- make money). Do you have such a definition? And do you tion capabilities and results that will take their know whether your company’s innovation efforts are competitors years to match, if they ever can. To the read- generating adequate returns? If the Great Recession has ers of this report we say, you can’t claim that you did not taught us one thing, it’s that activities that don’t pay don’t see it coming. survive. Keeping pace, let alone flourishing, in this environment 3. Top management is really going to have to get its will demand a two-pronged attack. Your company needs head into the game this year. In every highly innovative to be actively innovating both in and for the slower- company we know, the CEO truly has innovation near the growth, mature economies, which remain very large and very center of his or her radar screen. Indeed, the differ- profitable. Simultaneously, you need to be ever more fo- ence between a company whose CEO and leadership cused—no matter how focused you think you already team have an “all in” mentality regarding innovation and are—on the much faster-growing developing economies, one whose leadership supports innovation merely at an especially China, India, and Brazil, with their promise of abstract level is unmistakable—and so is the impact on large markets and newly innovative competitors. Striking culture and results. the right balance here will obviously be highly challeng- ing. But the potential competitive rewards of hitting the If you think your company can win at innovation without mark are vast—as is the downside of coming up short. In- your being truly committed, you are wrong and will be deed, skillful leadership in innovation has never been at increasingly exposed. Too many companies are being led such a premium. by fully committed and engaged leadership teams that have linked innovation to the company’s business strat- egy, put in place the needed measurement systems, and are investing to see the results. If you think innovation is important, make it a genuine priority. 4. Your company cannot afford to cut back on its in- novation investments in the BIC countries and other RDEs. If you thought competition was tough in the past, just wait. Increasingly, the companies that are coming into your rearview mirror (or even worse, from your blind I  
  • 24. Survey Methodology In November 2009, this year’s survey was sent electroni- Automotive and motor vehicles 42 cally to senior management members of the BusinessWeek No response 1 Market Advisory Board, an online reader panel. Participa- Total 1,590 tion was voluntary and anonymous. The survey closed in January 2010. In total, 1,590 executives responded, repre- Position senting all major markets and industries. The responses C level broke down as follows: Chief executive officer 188 Chief technology officer 128 Country or region President 117 United States 469 Chief operating officer 115 China 146 Chief financial officer 90 Other Asian country 127 Chief information officer 85 Germany 123 Chairperson 58 Japan 116 Chief innovation officer 36 France 97 Subtotal 817 United Kingdom 93 South America 84 Manager of marketing 172 Italy 73 Manager of R&D 126 India 66 Director of marketing 74 Spain 65 Director of strategy 67 Mexico 41 Vice president of marketing 50 Other European country 28 Director of R&D 44 Africa 18 Vice president of strategy 42 Other 44 Vice president of R&D 18 Total 1,590 Other 180 Total 1,590 Industry Financial services 330 Technology and telecommunications 264 Industrial goods and manufacturing 252 Energy 236 Pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and health care 144 Consumer products 143 Retail 73 Entertainment and media 58 Travel, tourism, and hospitality 47  T B C G
  • 25. For Further Reading This survey is a part of BCG’s exten- Innovation 2009: Making Hard Tripling the Innovation Success sive work and research on innova- Decisions in the Downturn Rate—with Less Effort A BCG Senior Management Survey, BCG Opportunities for Action in tion and how to make it more effec- April 2009 Industrial Goods, February 2008 tive and profitable. A sample of related publications includes the fol- Measuring Innovation 2009: Payback: Reaping the Rewards lowing: The Need for Action of Innovation A BCG Senior Management Survey, James P. Andrew and Harold L. Sirkin April 2009 (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2007) Innovation 2008: Is the Tide Turning? A BCG Senior Management Survey, August 2008 Measuring Innovation 2008: Squandered Opportunities A BCG Senior Management Survey, August 2008 I  
  • 26. Note to the Reader Acknowledgments Kilian Berz Xavier Mosquet Nearly 1,600 executives from around Partner and Managing Director Senior Partner and Managing Director the world, representing all major +1 416 955 4200 +1 248 688 3500 markets and industries, responded to BCG Toronto BCG Detroit BCG’s 2010 Senior Executive Innova- berz.kilian@bcg.com mosquet.xavier@bcg.com tion Survey. We thank them sincerely for their participation. We would Sarah Cairns-Smith Massimo Russo also like to thank the entire BCG Partner and Managing Director Partner and Managing Director team that drove and supported the +1 617 973 1200 +1 617 973 1200 survey, in particular Mariya Akmal, BCG Boston BCG Boston Dustin Burke, and Michael Green- cairns-smith.sarah@bcg.com russo.massimo@bcg.com way. Finally, we would like to ac- knowledge the editorial and produc- Mark Kistulinec Andrew Taylor tion assistance of Gary Callahan, Kim Senior Partner and Managing Director Partner and Managing Director Friedman, Gina Goldstein, and Gerry BCG Atlanta +1 312 993 3300 Hill. +1 404 877 5200 BCG Chicago kistulinec.mark@bcg.com taylor.andrew@bcg.com For Further Contact For additional information on BCG’s Mark Lubkeman Kim Wagner thinking on innovation, visit BCG’s Senior Partner and Managing Director Senior Partner and Managing Director innovation topic webpage (http://in- +1 213 621 2772 +1 212 446 2800 novation.bcg.com), send an e-mail to BCG Los Angeles BCG New York innovation@bcg.com, or contact one lubkeman.mark@bcg.com wagner.kim@bcg.com of the following leaders of the firm’s innovation activities: Steven Mallouk Europe Partner and Managing Director Georg Beyer The Americas +1 415 732 8000 Principal James P. Andrew BCG San Francisco +49 89 23 17 40 Senior Partner and Managing Director mallouk.steven@bcg.com BCG Munich +1 312 993 3300 beyer.georg@bcg.com BCG Chicago Joe Manget andrew.james@bcg.com Senior Partner and Managing Director Vladislav Boutenko +1 416 955 4200 Partner and Managing Director Christine Barton BCG Toronto +7 495 258 34 34 Partner and Managing Director manget.joe@bcg.com BCG Moscow +1 214 849 1500 boutenko.vladislav@bcg.com BCG Dallas barton.christine@bcg.com  T B C G
  • 27. Stépan Breedveld Anthony Pralle Osamu Karita Senior Partner and Managing Director Senior Partner and Managing Director Partner and Managing Director + 31 20 548 4000 +34 91 520 61 00 +81 3 5211 0300 BCG Amsterdam BCG Madrid BCG Tokyo breedveld.stepan@bcg.com pralle.anthony@bcg.com karita.osamu@bcg.com Massimo Busetti Kevin Waddell David C. Michael Senior Partner and Managing Director Senior Partner and Managing Director Senior Partner and Managing Director + 39 0 2 65 59 91 +48 22 820 36 00 +86 10 8527 9000 BCG Milan BCG Warsaw BCG Beijing busetti.massimo@bcg.com waddell.kevin@bcg.com michael.david@bcg.com Knut Haanæs Hadi Zablit Partner and Managing Director Partner and Managing Director +47 23 10 20 00 +33 1 40 17 10 10 BCG Oslo BCG Paris haanaes.knut@bcg.com zablit.hadi@bcg.com Per Hallius Asia-Pacific Senior Partner and Managing Director Arindam Bhattacharya +46 8 402 44 00 Senior Partner and Managing Director BCG Stockholm +91 124 459 7000 hallius.per@bcg.com BCG New Delhi bhattacharya.arindam@bcg.com Andreas Maurer Senior Partner and Managing Director Patrick Forth +49 2 11 30 11 30 Senior Partner and Managing Director BCG Düsseldorf +61 2 9323 5600 maurer.andreas@bcg.com BCG Sydney forth.patrick@bcg.com Tim Monger Partner and Managing Director +44 207 753 5353 BCG London monger.tim@bcg.com I  
  • 28. For a complete list of BCG publications and information about how to obtain copies, please visit our Web site at www.bcg.com/publications. To receive future publications in electronic form about this topic or others, please visit our subscription Web site at www.bcg.com/subscribe. 4/10
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