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Evolution of Cloud
      Computing
Nick Peterson, Director of Engineering
Our Story
Hosting industry veterans each averaging 8+ years of
managed hosting & cloud hosting experience

Making infrastructure easy to deploy and manage for
Developers, DevOps, and Operations folks alike

Providing reliable Infrastructure as a Service for high
performance cloud computing applications since 2010
The History of Cloud Computing
What is Cloud Computing?
In the 1960s, John McCarthy, Douglas Parkhill, and others
explored the idea of computing as a public utility

Cloud computing is the use of commodity hardware and
software computing resources to delivered an infinite
elastic online public utility

Cloud computing service providers deliver products to
consumers using variations on the following models
       ● Software as a Service (SaaS)
       ● Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
       ● Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Early Virtualization
In 1959, Christopher Strachey published a paper titled
“Time Sharing in Large Fast Computers” at UNESCO


In the late 1960s, the first hypervisors were developed at
IBM which provided full virtualization by allowing multiple
operating systems to run concurrently as virtual machines


In the 1974, Gerald Popek and Robert Goldberg published
an article titled "Formal Requirements for Virtualizable Third
Generation Architectures"
The Desktop Revolution
In the early 1970s, Ethernet was developed at Xerox
PARC, and in 1980 the IEEE started project 802

In the late 1970s, Bill Gates and Paul Allen form Microsoft
Corporation, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak form Apple
Computer Corporation, and Intel launches the 8086
microprocessor

Throughout the 1980s and into the 1990s, Apple launches
the Macintosh, Microsoft launches Windows, and Intel
launches the Pentium microprocessor
The Internet
In the late 1960s, J.C.R. Licklider inspired the ARPANET,
and in the early 1970s global networking becomes a reality

In the early 1980s, the TCP/IP suite emerges as the
protocol for ARPANET, and the Domain Name System
(DNS) establishes naming designations for websites

In the early 1990s, Tim Berners-Lee develops HTML,
CERN introduces the World Wide Web to the public, and
Netscape Communications creates the first web browser

In 1998, Larry Page and Sergey Brin change the way users
engage the Internet with the Google search engine
Software as a Service (SaaS)
Centralized hosting of business applications dates back to
the 1960s when IBM conducted a service bureau business
referred to as time-sharing or utility computing

The expansion of the Internet during the 1990s brought
about a new class of centralized computing, called
Application Service Providers (ASP)

In 1999, Salesforce.com was founded by Marc Benioff,
Parker Harris, Dave Moellenhoff, and Frank Dominguez as
a company specializing in CRM Software as a Service
Open Source
In 1983, Richard Stallman launched the GNU Project to write an
OS with free source code, and in 1989, the Free Software
Foundation released the GNU General Public License

In 1991, Linus Torvalds created the Linux kernel, and in 1992 it
was licensed under GNU General Public License

In 1994, Marc Ewing created the Redhat distribution of Linux

In 1997, Eric Raymond published "The Cathedral and the
Bazaar", and in 1998 it helped to motivate Netscape to release
their Communicator Internet suite as free software

In the late 1990s, startups used the Apache HTTP Server, and
the stack of Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP known as LAMP
Server Virtualization
In 1999, VMware introduced the first x86 virtualization
product, VMware Virtual Platform, for the Intel IA-32
architecture

In 2003, Xen the first open-source x86 hypervisor, created
by Ian Pratt and Simon Crosby, was released to the public

In 2005, Intel released two models of Pentium 4 (Model 662
and 672) as the first Intel processors to support VT-x

In 2007, the Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM)
hypervisor, created in part by Avi Kivity and Moshe Bar,
was included in the Linux kernel
Storage Virtualization
In 1978, Norman Ken Ouchi at IBM invented the "System
for recovering data stored in failed memory unit."

In 1985, Sun Microsystems created NFS the first widely
used Internet Protocol based network file system

In 1987, RAID was defined by Patterson et al. at UC
Berkeley

In 1991, VxFS was released by Veritas Software, on which
the later Linux and HP-UX LVM implementations are based
Storage Virtualization (cont.)
In 2003, inspired by Google's File System (GFS), Doug
Cutting started the Hadoop project

In 2006, Amazon Web Services launched S3

In 2009, Rackspace started the development of Swift, a
complete replacement for Mosso Cloud Files that is now
the OpenStack Object Storage project

In 2012, AWS S3 reached one trillion objects stored
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
In the early 1990s, Web Hosting service providers began
hosting websites for businesses on the Internet

In the mid to late 1990s, Managed Hosting and Colocation
service providers began hosting Internet infrastructure

In 2006, Amazon launched S3 and EC2 (created by Willem
Van Biljon, Chris Pinkham, and Christopher Brown), and
created a new market for cloud computing

In 2010, Rackspace Hosting and NASA, led by Jonathan
Bryce, Rick Clark, Chris Kemp, and Joshua McKenty
launched the open source cloud initiative OpenStack
Agile
In the early 1970s, Tom Gilb started publishing the concepts of
Evolutionary Project Management (EVO)

In 1974, a paper by E. A. Edmonds introduced an adaptive
software development process

In the mid 1990s, Agile methods emerged as a reaction to
heavyweight project management methods

In 2001, 17 software developers published the Manifesto for
Agile Software Development

In 2005, a group headed by Alistair Cockburn and Jim Highsmith
wrote the Declaration of Interdependence
DevOps
In 1993, Mark Bugess created CFEngine and presented it in a
paper at the CERN computing conference

In 2005, Puppet Labs was founded by Luke Kanies

In 2008, the first Velocity conference was held by O’Reilly
Conferences, focusing on web performance and operations

In 2008, Jesse Robbins and Adam Jacob founded Opscode

In 2009, Patrick Debois started talking about DevOps, and the
first DevOpsDays event was held in Belgium
The Future of Cloud Computing
IT Megatrends
Social Media - interactions among people where they
create and share information and ideas in social networks

Mobile - ubiquitous smartphones built on mobile operating
systems transform the Internet

Consumerization - information technology emerges first in
the consumer market and then spreads to biz and gov

Big Data - every day we create 2.5 quintillion bytes of data

Cloud Computing - computing resources are delivered as
a service over the Internet
Hypercompetition
Seed Accelerator - startup incubator that takes in startups
of small teams to fund, mentor and train

Crowdfunding - collection of funds through small
contributions from many parties in order to finance a
particular project or venture

Business Agility - ability for business to adapt rapidly and
cost effectively to changing markets and conditions

Open Innovation - labs, competitions, and idea networks
from both inside and outside the firm to create and profit
from innovative technology
Disruption
"Six decades into the computer revolution, four decades
since the invention of the microprocessor, and two decades
into the rise of the modern Internet, all of the technology
required to transform industries through software finally
works and can be widely delivered at global scale."

-Marc Andreessen

Amazon, eBay, Craigslist, PayPal, Skype, Google,
Salesforce, PLOS, iTunes, LinkedIn, Netflix, AWS,
Facebook, OpenStack, KickStarter, AngelList ...
Why NephoScale?
Reliability, Elasticity, & Performance
At NephoScale we have created a next generation cloud
hosting platform that is Reliable, Elastic, and Performant
● Software Defined Networking (SDN) supports tagged
    VLANs, Multicast and Broadcast applications with GigE
    connectivity between all virtual and dedicated servers
●   Direct Attached Storage (DAS) guarantees high I/O
    throughput block storage without the high cost
●   Object Storage provides highly available network
    accessible file storage
●   KVM hypervisor fast and secure multi-tenant compute
●   BareMetal w/ SSD single-tenant compute
Fast, Secure, Robust Enough?
Build Your Own Private Data Center
With NephoScale you are not limited to a one size fits all
approach
● 10 GigE networking for high performance computing
    applications
●   BareMetal Servers w/ SSD for Big Data applications
●   Private Rack Available
●   Bursting into the NephoScale Public Cloud
Got DevOps?
Orchestration, DevOps, & Agility
NephoScale is a next generation cloud hosting platform
built from the ground-up by developers and operations folks
like you with ease-of-use, automation and orchestration in
mind as first class citizens
● CloudScript, the first of its kind, is a DSL for building
    and managing the application infrastructure lifecycle
●   RESTful API, infrastructure resource management API
    that adheres to REST architectural principles
●   Customer Portal includes a single pane infrastructure
    view, ObjectStor explorer, and IDE for CloudScript
NephoScale <3 Startups
Startup Programs
NephoScale offers a number of ways to get started, all you
need is a credit card to sign-up for free services
●   1-Year Free Trial
●   30-Day Free Trial
●   Startup Kick-Start
●   Incubator / Accelerator / University Technology Partners
Incubator / Accelerator Partners
@NephoScale
http://www.nephoscale.com
   info@nephoscale.com
        855-637-4679
      +1-408-599-7008

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Evolution of Cloud Computing

  • 1. Evolution of Cloud Computing Nick Peterson, Director of Engineering
  • 2. Our Story Hosting industry veterans each averaging 8+ years of managed hosting & cloud hosting experience Making infrastructure easy to deploy and manage for Developers, DevOps, and Operations folks alike Providing reliable Infrastructure as a Service for high performance cloud computing applications since 2010
  • 3. The History of Cloud Computing
  • 4. What is Cloud Computing? In the 1960s, John McCarthy, Douglas Parkhill, and others explored the idea of computing as a public utility Cloud computing is the use of commodity hardware and software computing resources to delivered an infinite elastic online public utility Cloud computing service providers deliver products to consumers using variations on the following models ● Software as a Service (SaaS) ● Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) ● Platform as a Service (PaaS)
  • 5. Early Virtualization In 1959, Christopher Strachey published a paper titled “Time Sharing in Large Fast Computers” at UNESCO In the late 1960s, the first hypervisors were developed at IBM which provided full virtualization by allowing multiple operating systems to run concurrently as virtual machines In the 1974, Gerald Popek and Robert Goldberg published an article titled "Formal Requirements for Virtualizable Third Generation Architectures"
  • 6. The Desktop Revolution In the early 1970s, Ethernet was developed at Xerox PARC, and in 1980 the IEEE started project 802 In the late 1970s, Bill Gates and Paul Allen form Microsoft Corporation, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak form Apple Computer Corporation, and Intel launches the 8086 microprocessor Throughout the 1980s and into the 1990s, Apple launches the Macintosh, Microsoft launches Windows, and Intel launches the Pentium microprocessor
  • 7. The Internet In the late 1960s, J.C.R. Licklider inspired the ARPANET, and in the early 1970s global networking becomes a reality In the early 1980s, the TCP/IP suite emerges as the protocol for ARPANET, and the Domain Name System (DNS) establishes naming designations for websites In the early 1990s, Tim Berners-Lee develops HTML, CERN introduces the World Wide Web to the public, and Netscape Communications creates the first web browser In 1998, Larry Page and Sergey Brin change the way users engage the Internet with the Google search engine
  • 8. Software as a Service (SaaS) Centralized hosting of business applications dates back to the 1960s when IBM conducted a service bureau business referred to as time-sharing or utility computing The expansion of the Internet during the 1990s brought about a new class of centralized computing, called Application Service Providers (ASP) In 1999, Salesforce.com was founded by Marc Benioff, Parker Harris, Dave Moellenhoff, and Frank Dominguez as a company specializing in CRM Software as a Service
  • 9. Open Source In 1983, Richard Stallman launched the GNU Project to write an OS with free source code, and in 1989, the Free Software Foundation released the GNU General Public License In 1991, Linus Torvalds created the Linux kernel, and in 1992 it was licensed under GNU General Public License In 1994, Marc Ewing created the Redhat distribution of Linux In 1997, Eric Raymond published "The Cathedral and the Bazaar", and in 1998 it helped to motivate Netscape to release their Communicator Internet suite as free software In the late 1990s, startups used the Apache HTTP Server, and the stack of Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP known as LAMP
  • 10. Server Virtualization In 1999, VMware introduced the first x86 virtualization product, VMware Virtual Platform, for the Intel IA-32 architecture In 2003, Xen the first open-source x86 hypervisor, created by Ian Pratt and Simon Crosby, was released to the public In 2005, Intel released two models of Pentium 4 (Model 662 and 672) as the first Intel processors to support VT-x In 2007, the Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) hypervisor, created in part by Avi Kivity and Moshe Bar, was included in the Linux kernel
  • 11. Storage Virtualization In 1978, Norman Ken Ouchi at IBM invented the "System for recovering data stored in failed memory unit." In 1985, Sun Microsystems created NFS the first widely used Internet Protocol based network file system In 1987, RAID was defined by Patterson et al. at UC Berkeley In 1991, VxFS was released by Veritas Software, on which the later Linux and HP-UX LVM implementations are based
  • 12. Storage Virtualization (cont.) In 2003, inspired by Google's File System (GFS), Doug Cutting started the Hadoop project In 2006, Amazon Web Services launched S3 In 2009, Rackspace started the development of Swift, a complete replacement for Mosso Cloud Files that is now the OpenStack Object Storage project In 2012, AWS S3 reached one trillion objects stored
  • 13. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) In the early 1990s, Web Hosting service providers began hosting websites for businesses on the Internet In the mid to late 1990s, Managed Hosting and Colocation service providers began hosting Internet infrastructure In 2006, Amazon launched S3 and EC2 (created by Willem Van Biljon, Chris Pinkham, and Christopher Brown), and created a new market for cloud computing In 2010, Rackspace Hosting and NASA, led by Jonathan Bryce, Rick Clark, Chris Kemp, and Joshua McKenty launched the open source cloud initiative OpenStack
  • 14. Agile In the early 1970s, Tom Gilb started publishing the concepts of Evolutionary Project Management (EVO) In 1974, a paper by E. A. Edmonds introduced an adaptive software development process In the mid 1990s, Agile methods emerged as a reaction to heavyweight project management methods In 2001, 17 software developers published the Manifesto for Agile Software Development In 2005, a group headed by Alistair Cockburn and Jim Highsmith wrote the Declaration of Interdependence
  • 15. DevOps In 1993, Mark Bugess created CFEngine and presented it in a paper at the CERN computing conference In 2005, Puppet Labs was founded by Luke Kanies In 2008, the first Velocity conference was held by O’Reilly Conferences, focusing on web performance and operations In 2008, Jesse Robbins and Adam Jacob founded Opscode In 2009, Patrick Debois started talking about DevOps, and the first DevOpsDays event was held in Belgium
  • 16. The Future of Cloud Computing
  • 17. IT Megatrends Social Media - interactions among people where they create and share information and ideas in social networks Mobile - ubiquitous smartphones built on mobile operating systems transform the Internet Consumerization - information technology emerges first in the consumer market and then spreads to biz and gov Big Data - every day we create 2.5 quintillion bytes of data Cloud Computing - computing resources are delivered as a service over the Internet
  • 18. Hypercompetition Seed Accelerator - startup incubator that takes in startups of small teams to fund, mentor and train Crowdfunding - collection of funds through small contributions from many parties in order to finance a particular project or venture Business Agility - ability for business to adapt rapidly and cost effectively to changing markets and conditions Open Innovation - labs, competitions, and idea networks from both inside and outside the firm to create and profit from innovative technology
  • 19. Disruption "Six decades into the computer revolution, four decades since the invention of the microprocessor, and two decades into the rise of the modern Internet, all of the technology required to transform industries through software finally works and can be widely delivered at global scale." -Marc Andreessen Amazon, eBay, Craigslist, PayPal, Skype, Google, Salesforce, PLOS, iTunes, LinkedIn, Netflix, AWS, Facebook, OpenStack, KickStarter, AngelList ...
  • 21. Reliability, Elasticity, & Performance At NephoScale we have created a next generation cloud hosting platform that is Reliable, Elastic, and Performant ● Software Defined Networking (SDN) supports tagged VLANs, Multicast and Broadcast applications with GigE connectivity between all virtual and dedicated servers ● Direct Attached Storage (DAS) guarantees high I/O throughput block storage without the high cost ● Object Storage provides highly available network accessible file storage ● KVM hypervisor fast and secure multi-tenant compute ● BareMetal w/ SSD single-tenant compute
  • 23. Build Your Own Private Data Center With NephoScale you are not limited to a one size fits all approach ● 10 GigE networking for high performance computing applications ● BareMetal Servers w/ SSD for Big Data applications ● Private Rack Available ● Bursting into the NephoScale Public Cloud
  • 25. Orchestration, DevOps, & Agility NephoScale is a next generation cloud hosting platform built from the ground-up by developers and operations folks like you with ease-of-use, automation and orchestration in mind as first class citizens ● CloudScript, the first of its kind, is a DSL for building and managing the application infrastructure lifecycle ● RESTful API, infrastructure resource management API that adheres to REST architectural principles ● Customer Portal includes a single pane infrastructure view, ObjectStor explorer, and IDE for CloudScript
  • 27. Startup Programs NephoScale offers a number of ways to get started, all you need is a credit card to sign-up for free services ● 1-Year Free Trial ● 30-Day Free Trial ● Startup Kick-Start ● Incubator / Accelerator / University Technology Partners
  • 29. @NephoScale http://www.nephoscale.com info@nephoscale.com 855-637-4679 +1-408-599-7008