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1. CONCEPT OF E-RESOURCES
Electronic resources form one of many formats that the
Library collects to support its universal collections. The
Recommending Officer responsible for the appropriate subject,
language, geographic area, or format is responsible for recommending
electronic resources. An "electronic resource" is defined as any work
encoded and made available for access through the use of a computer.
It includes electronic data available by (1) remote access and (2)
direct access (fixed media). In other words: Remote access (electronic
resources) refers to the use of electronic resources via computer
networks. Direct Access (electronic resources) refers to the use of
electronic resources via carriers (e.g., discs/disks, cassettes,
cartridges) designed to be inserted into a computerized device or its
auxiliary equipment.
The Library is committed to preserving its electronic resources
just as it is to ensuring permanent access to its collections in other
formats. When the Library collects both electronic and analog
versions of a resource, both versions are retained as permanent
holdings of the Library. For both direct and remote access resources,
the Library will endeavor to archive these resources following
standard practices, guidelines and legal requirements. Furthermore,
the Library will negotiate permission to archive electronic resources
either upon collecting or for future archiving should the content
provider no longer be able to provide access to the resource. For
remote access resources, when permission to archive them is
unattainable, the Library will only provide a link to the resource.
Examples of electronic resources include, but are not limited
to: web sites, online databases, e-journals, e-books, electronic
integrating resources, and physical carriers in all formats, whether
free or fee-based, required to support research in the subject covered,
and may be audio, visual, and/or text files.
WEB RESOURCES

2. The concept of a web resource is primitive in the web
architecture, and is used in the definition of its fundamental elements.
The term was first introduced to refer to targets of uniform resource
locators (URLs), but its definition has been further extended to
include the referent of any uniform resource identifier (RFC 3986), or
internationalized resource identifier (RFC 3987). In the Semantic
Web, abstract resources and their semantic properties are described
using the family of languages based on Resource Description
Framework (RDF).
The concept of a web resource has evolved during the web
history, from the early notion of static addressable documents or files,
to a more generic and abstract definition, now encompassing every
'thing' or entity that can be identified, named, addressed or handled, in
any way whatsoever, in the web at large, or in any networked
information system. The declarative aspects of a resource
(identification and naming) and its functional aspects (addressing and
technical handling) were not clearly distinct in the early specifications
of the web, and the very definition of the concept has been the subject
of long and still open debate involving difficult, and often arcane,
technical, social, linguistic and philosophical issues.
From documents and files to web resources
In the early specifications of the web (1990–1994), the term
resource is barely used at all. The web is designed as a network of
more or less static addressable objects, basically files and documents,
linked using uniform resource locators (URLs). A web resource is
implicitly defined as something which can be identified, the
identification deserving two distinct purposes, naming and addressing,
the latter only being dependent on a protocol. It is notable that RFC
1630 does not attempt to define at all the notion of resource; actually
it barely uses the term besides its occurrence in URI, URL and URN,
and still speaks about "Objects of the Network".

3. From web resources to abstract resources
The first explicit definition of resource is found in RFC 2396,
in August 1998: 'A resource can be anything that has identity.
Familiar examples include an electronic document, an image, a
service (e.g., "today's weather report for Los Angeles"), and a
collection of other resources. Not all resources are network
"retrievable"; e.g., human beings, corporations, and bound books in a
library can also be considered resources.' Although examples in this
document were still limited to physical entities, the definition opened
the door to more abstract resources. Providing a concept is given an
identity, and this identity is expressed by a well-formed URI (uniform
resource identifier, a superset of URLs), then a concept can be a
resource as well. In January 2005, RFC 3986 makes this extension of
the definition completely explicit: '…abstract concepts can be
resources, such as the operators and operands of a mathematical
equation, the types of a relationship (e.g., "parent" or "employee"), or
numeric values (e.g., zero, one, and infinity).'
Resources in RDF and the Semantic Web
First released in 1999, RDF was first intended to describe
resources, in other words to declare metadata of resources in a
standard way. A RDF description of a resource is a set of triples
(subject, predicate, object), where subject represents the resource to
be described, predicate a type of property relevant to this resource,
and object can be data or another resource. The predicate itself is
considered as a resource and identified by a URI. Hence, properties
like "title", "author" are represented in RDF as resources, which can
be used, in a recursive way, as the subject of other triples. Building on
this recursive principle, RDF vocabularies, such as RDFS, OWL, and
SKOS will pile up definitions of abstract resources such as classes,
properties, concepts, all identified by URIs.

4. Using HTTP URIs to identify abstract resources
URLs, particularly HTTP URIs, are frequently used to identify
abstract resources, such as classes, properties or other kind of
concepts. Examples can be found in RDFS or OWL ontologies. Since
such URIs are associated with the HTTP protocol, the question arose
of which kind of representation, if any, should one get for such
resources through this protocol, typically using a web browser, and if
the syntax of the URI itself could help to differentiate "abstract"
resources from "information" resources. The URI specifications such
as RFC 3986 left to the protocol specification the task of defining
actions performed on the resources and they don't provide any answer
to this question. It had been suggested that an HTTP URI identifying
a resource in the original sense, such as a file, document, or any kind
of so-called information resource, should be "slash" URIs — in other
words, should not contain a fragment identifier, whereas a URI used
to identify a concept or abstract resource should be a "hash" URI
using a fragment identifier.
Resource ownership, intellectual property and trust
In RDF, "anybody can declare anything about anything".
Resources are defined by formal descriptions which anyone can
publish, copy, modify and publish over the web. If the content of a
web resource in the classical sense (a web page or on-line file) is
clearly owned by its publisher, who can claim intellectual property on
it, an abstract resource can be defined by an accumulation of RDF
descriptions, not necessarily controlled by a unique publisher, and not
necessarily consistent with each other. It's an open issue to know if a
resource should have an authoritative definition with clear and
trustable ownership, and in this case, how to make this description
technically distinct from other descriptions. A parallel issue is how
intellectual property may apply to such descriptions.

5. SOCIAL NETWORKING
Socializing and making new friends have become the new
trend for internet users. Social Networking achieved its present form
and shape after passing through several pages of transformations. E-
mails help people to exchange messages. Chatting helps to make real-
time discussions among different persons. Chatting and exchanging
mails and messaging help to keep the existing friends. Social
networking provides opportunity for internet users to make new
friends on the Net. Other facilities offered by different social
networking sites include facilities for exchanging mails, making
chats, sharing photos, scribble messages, sending gifts, publishing and
viewing profiles and so on. The first social networking site named
classmates.com came up in 1995. This was followed by the
emergence of several new social networking sites.
Social networking sites are more interactive in nature when
compared to other websites. Different social networking sites have
different features and they provide different facilities. There are
several networking sites exclusively for finding friends. Some of the
most popular social networking sites for finding friends are Orkut,
MySpace, FaceBook etc. Some social networking sites are mainly
indented for business people. These sites helps to increase business
contacts, do business, plant jobs or get appointments. Business sites
help to exchange business cards, meet colleagues and discuss with
business partners. Business persons can keep in touch with customers,
partners and suppliers through such sites. Linkedln is an example of
business networking site. Certain networking sites provide facilities
for sharing media such as photo and video. Some of the popular
examples of such sites are YouTube, Flicker etc. Some of networking
sites deal with hobbies and certain others are focused to special
interest groups such as car lovers, technology professionals, book
lovers and so on.

6. Even though there are several types of social networking
sites, all these work in similar manner. The first step is to sign in for a
new account by visiting the site. Different personal details are to
given in the appropriate text boxes before submitting the registration
form. Presence of check boxes and option boxes help to complete the
registration form easily. The success of registration is usually
informed by sending e-mails to the user. Using the user name and
password it is possible to make use of different services available in
these sites. Creating profiles, searching for friends, making new
connections are the common services available in almost all the social
networking sites.
Orkut is a social networking site that enables to create
friends. Scrap message for rate friends. This is one of the most
popular social networking sites. This site is named after its creator
Orkut, a former employee of Google. This site helps to upload photos,
videos and profiles. Another feature of this site is the facility to track
visitors to the site. Users can upload their profiles to the site as well as
can view the profile of others. The site provides different links for
connecting with friends, discovering new people through friends of
friends, sharing video pictures, staying in touch using mobile devices
and so on.
To login to the site, the e-mail address is necessary. Since
Orkut is a Google’s site, it is better to have a G-mail address. By
providing the e-mail address and password and clicking the sign in
button, it is possible to login to the site. If the visitor has no e-mail
address, it is necessary to register for a new e-mail address by clicking
the join now link below the page. This opens the registration form and
filling up and submitting the form creates a new G-mail account. The
home page of Orkut provides several links. Profile editing, scrapbook
facility, video and photo uploading are some of the options available
at the home page. Scrapbook is like a pad and others can leave a
message for the user using this facility.

7. EDUCATIONAL BLOGS
An educational blog is a blog created for educational
purposes. educational blogs archive and support student and teacher
learning by facilitating reflection, questioning by self and others,
collaboration and by providing contexts for engaging in higher-order
thinking educational blogs proliferated when blogging architecture
became more simplified and teachers perceived the instructional
potential of blogs as an online resource. The use of blogs has become
popular in education institutions including public schools and
colleges. Blogs can be useful tools for sharing information and tips
among co-workers, providing information for students, or keeping in
contact with parents. Common examples include blogs written by or
for teachers, blogs maintained for the purpose of classroom
instruction, or blogs written about educational policy. Educators who
blog are sometimes called educational bloggers.
Uses of educational blogs
There are several uses of educational blog. Some bloggers use
their blogs as a learning journal or a knowledge log to gather relevant
information and ideas, and communicate with other people. Some
teachers use blogs to keep in contact with students' parents. Some
bloggers use blogs to record their own personal life, and express
emotions or feelings. Some instructors use blogs as an instructional
and assessment tool, and blogs can be used as a task management
tool. Blogs are used to teach individuals about writing for an audience
as they can be made public, and blogging software makes it easier to
create content for the Web without knowing much HTML.
Weblogs have existed for close to two decades. However, it
wasn't until the second half of the 1990s that weblogs began to grow
in popularity. In 1998, there were just a handful of sites of the type
that are now identified as weblogs (so named by Jorn Barger in
December 1997). In 1999, there were 23 known weblogs, and Pitas
http://www.pitas.com/, the first free build your own weblog tool, was
launched. Also in 1999 weblogs changed from a mix of links,
commentary, and thoughts, to short form journal entries. An early

8. recorded use of the term "educational blog" can be traced to a web
ring called the educational blog Web Ring, founded on January 30,
2002. The new uses of weblogs are largely interest driven and attract
readers who have similar interests. In 2004, there were an estimated 3
million blogs and as of July 2011, there are an estimated 164 million
blogs.
The educational blogs Awards, the international and
community based awards programme for the use of blogs and social
media to support education, runs annually online across a range of
platforms.
TOPIC : E-COMMERCE AND ITS RELEVANCE IN THE
MODERN WORLD
E-Commerce
E-Commerce or electronic commerce basically refers to the conduct
of business transactions through a computer network. The media
being used for this purpose is the internet, which is a global network
of computers. Computers are networked or inter linked globally
through tele communication channels and this brings all information
on to your computer screen. Business transactions are made easy here
as businessmen reach out to consumers with variety products and
services. The limitations of time, distance and space are removed.
Consumers can buy at any time from any seller, located at any part of
the world, from his home itself.
A e-commerce trader displays their products, services and other
features like price, terms of payment, post sale services etc.on a site
through the internet. This virtual location on the computer network is
a website and it is identified with a site address. Examples of websites
of organizations are www.sbi.com. For State Bank of India.

9. E-Commerce models
E-commerce transactions take different models. When the transaction
is between two businesses, it is called B2B i.e., business to business.
When it is between business and government, it is called B2G,
business to government. When it is between business and consumers,
it is called B2C i.e., business to consumer and B2E when between
business and its employees.
B2B transactions
• Transaction between businessmen involving trade negotiations.
• Collaboration
• Placing order with suppliers
• Forming joint ventures
• Transfer of goods between branches or dealers
B2C transactions
• Business offering services to customers through the net.
• Consumer placing order online
• Electronic payment
• Consumer seeking clarification on price, terms of payment etc.
B2G
• Payment of taxes

10. • Application for licences
• Seeking government clearance
B2E
• employees’ salary payments
• operation of welfare schemes for which application and enquires
could be on line
• information to employees on business processes
• seeking employees’ suggestions on line
Businessmen develop websites and access customers worldwide
under e-commerce. Customers have accessed products and services
being made available in any part of the world.
E-commerce and its relevance in the modern world
In today’s world, where technical advancements are bringing in
transformation to the lifestyle of the modern generation, you don’t
need to visit the markets for buying stuff; it is simply a click away. A
wide assortment of online merchants is bringing in countless products
and services to their customers through the online platform. E-
commerce have emerged to bring the whole world together on a
single souk.
Companies aiming to spread their online stores worldwide to cater to
their buyers require e- commerce web services, which enable them to
represent their online store in an interactive. These solutions help in

11. designing and developing quality web-stores filled with powerful
features. This has changed the outlook of the online bazaars and
buyers are getting the privilege to enjoy shopping through these
interactive and captivating platforms.
Benefits offered by e-commerce to buyers:
• Quick shopping and no need to visit marketplaces.
• Amazing discounts and deals enabled through online platforms,
good way to save money.
• People can buy products available internationally.
• Multiple payment modes make it easier to shop online.
• Online shopping alerts make is easier for the users to grab quality
shopping ideas.
• Shopping anywhere, anytime.
Benefits offered by e-commerce to online merchants:
• For online merchants, e-commerce solutions have emerged as a
simpler and affordable way of doing business. An e-commerce
website can be developed in a low budget yet offer several features
to make your e-store look attractive enough to catch the attention of
the buyers.
• It helps in creating interactive web stores, where users can look the
products, their descriptions and order them online through shopping
cart; they can also make payments online through multiple options.

12. This reduces labour cost hence vendors are able to make the branded
products available at reduced prices.
• These platforms are user friendly and easy to maintain. A person
having no knowledge about programming can edit, manage and add
content to his/here e-commerce store.
• For e-commerce based online merchants their store is open 24×7.
Customers can browse order and buy the products anytime and
anywhere, which simply adds up to the profitability.
• Exciting and intelligent ideas in the field of e-commerce are acting
as innovative ways to develop livelier and eye-catching online
shopping platforms, which is lifting the standards of online markets.
• E-commerce web pages also provide the vendors with the options of
communicating with customers, dealing with their queries and
assisting them in future. This helps the companies to build stronger
reputation in the marketplace.
The above mentioned points explain the importance of e-commerce in
today’s world as an interactive, cost effective, interesting and easier
way of buying and selling products. Development in modern web and
software technologies are elevating excellence and expanded options
in this field.
Though, E-commerce platforms are easy to design, develop and
maintain, it is suggested to undergo professional e-commerce
consulting. Only experienced professionals in this field can offer you
a brilliant online store based on your requirements. By serving

13. quality, you can emerge as a preferred online shopping destination
adding up to your revenue and market reputation.
E-journals
Electronic journals, also known as e-journals and electronic
serials, are scholarly journals or intellectual magazines that can be
accessed via electronic transmission. In practice, this means that they
are usually published on the Web. They are a specialized form of
electronic document: they have the purpose of providing material for
academic research and study, and they are formatted approximately
like journal articles in traditional printed journals. Many electronic
journals are listed in directories such as the Directory of Open Access
Journals, and the articles indexed in bibliographic databases and
search engines for the academic discipline concerned.
Some electronic journals are online-only journals; some are online
versions of printed journals, and some consist of the online equivalent
of a printed journal, but with additional online-only (sometimes video
and interactive media) material.
Most commercial journals are subscription-based, and/or allow pay-
per-view access. Many universities subscribe in bulk to packages of
electronic journals, so as to provide access to them to their students
and faculty. It is generally also possible for individuals to purchase an
annual subscription to a journal from the original publisher.
An increasing number of e-journals are available as open access
journals, requiring no subscription and offering free full-text articles
and reviews to all. Individual articles from electronic journals may be
found online for free in an ad-hoc manner: in working paper archives;
on personal homepages; and in the collections held in institutional
repositories and subject repositories. Some commercial journals find
ways to offer free materials. They may offer their initial issue or
issues free, and then charge thereafter. Some give away their book
reviews section for free. Others offer the first few pages of each
article for free.

14. Most electronic journals are published in HTML and/or PDF formats,
but some are available in only one of the two formats. A small
minority publish in DOC, and a few are starting to add MP3 audio.
Some early electronic journals were first published in ASCII text, and
some informally published ones continue in that format.
Pod casting
A podcast is a digital medium consisting of an episodic series of
audio, video, PDF, or ePub files subscribed to and downloaded
through web syndication or streamed online to a computer or mobile
device. The word is a neologism and portmanteau derived from
"broadcast" and "pod" from the success of the iPod, as audio podcasts
are often listened to on portable media players.
Merriam Webster defines Podcast: a program (as of music or talk)
made available in digital format for automatic download over the
Internet.
A list of all the audio or video files associated with a given series is
maintained centrally on the distributor's server as a web feed, and the
listener or viewer employs special client application software, known
as a podcatcher, that can access this web feed, check it for updates,
and download any new files in the series. This process can be
automated so that new files are downloaded automatically, which may
seem to the user as if the content is being broadcast or "pushed" to
them. Files are stored locally on the user's computer or other device
ready for offline use, giving simple and convenient access to the
content. Podcasting contrasts with webcasting (Internet streaming),
which generally isn't designed for offline listening to user-selected
content.
As discussed by Richard Berry, podcasting is both a converged
medium bringing together audio, the web and portable media player,
and a disruptive technology that has caused some in the radio business
to reconsider some of the established practices and preconceptions
about audiences, consumption, production and distribution. This idea
of disruptiveness is largely because no one person owns the
technology; it is free to listen and create content, which departs from
the traditional model of 'gate-kept' media and production tools It is

15. very much a horizontal media form: producers are consumers and
consumers become producers and engage in conversations with each
other.
E-learning
E-learning (or eLearning) is the use of electronic media, educational
technology and information and communication technologies (ICT) in
education. E-learning includes numerous types of media that deliver
text, audio, images, animation, and streaming video, and includes
technology applications and processes such as audio or video tape,
satellite TV, CD-ROM, and computer-based learning, as well as local
intranet/extranet and web-based learning. Information and
communication systems, whether free-standing or based on either
local networks or the Internet in networked learning, underly many e-
learning processes.
E-learning can occur in or out of the classroom. It can be self-paced,
asynchronous learning or may be instructor-led, synchronous
learning. E-learning is suited to distance learning and flexible
learning, but it can also be used in conjunction with face-to-face
teaching, in which case the term blended learning is commonly used.
E-learning includes, and is broadly synonymous with multimedia
learning, technology-enhanced learning (TEL), computer-based
instruction (CBI), computer managed instruction, computer-based
training (CBT), computer-assisted instruction or computer-aided
instruction (CAI), internet-based training (IBT), flexible learning,
web-based training (WBT), online education, virtual education,
virtual learning environments (VLE) (which are also called learning
platforms), m-learning, and digital education. These alternative names
individually emphasize a particular digitization approach, component
or delivery method, but conflate to the broad domain of e-learning.
For example, m-learning emphasizes mobility, but is otherwise
indistinguishable in principle from e-learning.
Web based learning

16. Web-based learning is associated with learning materials delivered in
a Web browser,
including when the materials are packaged on CD-ROM or other
media. Web-based learning has got much attention as being an
incredible opportunity to study nowadays. Despite of its popularity
the notion still remains unclear and confusing. First of all it has many
names. online learning, e-learning, computer-based training,
technology-based instruction etc. Generally the meaning and the basic
concept of them are the same. Web-based learning is one way to
learn, using web-based technologies or tools in a learning process. In
other words, learner uses mainly computers to interact with the
teacher, other students and learning material. Web-based learning
consists of technology that supports traditional classroom training and
online learning environments. "Pure" web-based courses are wholly
based on computer and online possibilities. In this case all the
communication and learning activities are done online. On the other
hand, web-based courses may have some face-to-face sessions besides
the distant learning tasks. In this case they are called blended courses
as they blend web-based activities with face-to-face activities. Web-
based learning can be also formal or informal. Formal web-based
learning is purposed and learning activities are organised by teachers.
Informal learning takes place while you are searching material from
the Internet. It is self-paced, depending on your goals and ambition to
learn.
Topic : e-resources
introduction
E-resources is short term for Electronic
Resources or electronic information resources. These are collections
of information in electronic or digital format that are accessed on an
electronic device, such as a mobile phone, computer, etc. These are
published resources in electronic versions/format such as
encyclopedias, pamphlets, e-books and e-journals.

17. Our e-Resources provide access to literally
thousands of magazines and newspapers—far more than the library
could possibly subscribe to in paper format.
Advantages of using e-resources
• Easy retrieval of information .
• Ability to do full text search across a huge number of
resources in one go .
• Ability to download, print, or send the desired document
instantly.
• Convenience of accessing articles any time from your own
computer.
• Ability to link directly to additional resources or related
content.
• Ability to create personal collections i.e. favourites,
bookmark, etc.
In this computer age, e-version
of books, journals, etc or e-resources in general have become
inevitable and hence it is very much needed to convert the
printed version into e-version for future needs. Therefore,
knowledge of the different e-resources, developing e-
resources and preservation of them has become the need of
this hour.
Online e-resources : • e-books • gmail • sms • e-journals • email •
e-library,
• e-dictionaries, • Search engines, • Websites
Offline e-resources : • MS Office applications •Offline e-books
• CD ROM based e-resources • e-resources
on mobile
Devices

18. SOCIAL NETWORKING
Social networking
provides opportunity for internet users to make new friends on the net
. Social networking sites are more interacting in nature when
compared to other websites. Different social networking sits have
different features and they provide following facilities;
• Facilities for exchanging mails
• Making chats
• Sharing photos
• Scribble messages
• Sending gifts
• Publishing and viewing profiles, etc
Some of the most popular social networking sits for
finding friends are rout , My space, facebook , etc. Some social
networking sites are mainly intended for business people. These sites
help to increase business contacts, do business, plan jobs or get
appointment. Business persons can keep in touch with customers,
partners and suppliers through such sits. LinkedIn is an example of
business networking sites. Creating profiles, searching for friend,
making new connection are the common service available in almost
all the social networking sites.
Application of social networking sites in classroom

19. • Social media is an effective way to increase student
engagement and build better communication skill.
• Improve communication among students and teachers.
• Preparing student for successful Employment.
• Encourage students to share work socially.
• Require students to keep a blog.
• Create a social classroom on Edmodo.
“Edmondo” helps to create a social , digital classroom.
EDUCATIONAL BLOGS
A blog is a website, where it is
possible to write views or ideas on ongoing basis. An edublog is a
blog created for educational purposes. Edublogs archive and support
student and teacher learning by facilitating reflection, questioning by
self and others, collaboration and by providing contexts for engaging
in higher-order thinking.
Uses of educational Blogs
• Students use blogs for reflective journaling – summarizing class
discussion, reflecting on what they learned during a class
activity or project, sharing ideas for applying what they have
learned to their own practice and so on.
• Educational blogs help to encourage students to articulate their
ideas and perspective make their thinking visible and be brave
and bold about their contribution to the greater discourse.

20. • Educational blog engage students in reflection on the domain,
requiring them to critically analyze ideas, perspectives, theories,
research and designs.
• Educational blog encourage student to see themselves as
participating and contributing members of a professional
community of practice.
• Blogging promotes writing: That is blogging helps student
express themselves and share their ideas and perspectives in an
articulate way; that is, it helps them to write, organize their
writing and develop a habit of writing.
Edublog
The world’s most popular educational blogging service,
Edublogs lets you easily create and manage student and teacher
blogs, quickly customize and include video.
Blogger
This is a free weblog publishing tool from Google, for
sharing text, photos and video. This is probably the most user
friendly blogging platform out there.
Wordpress
This is another great blogging platform for students and is
very easy to use and completely free.
E-journal
An electronic journal is a
periodical which is published in electronic format, usually on the
Internet. Many electronic journals which are available are
electronic versions of journals which exist in print. Some
journals are only available in electronic format.

21. Electronic journals have several advantages
• You can read journal articles on your desktop, you don’t
have to be in the Library.
• The article that you want to read will always be available,
even when the Library is closed.
• Hypertext links allow you to move to different sections
within individual journals or article and can link you to
related resources on the Internet.
• Journals can include more images and audio-visual
material.
• Journals can be interactive-you can e-mail the author or
editor with your comments.
PODCASTING
A podcast is a digital audio recording, with or without images, which
instructors can use to deliver content to students in an easy
asynchronous fashion. Once generated, podcasts can be disseminated
online through personal websites or podcast directories. Podcasting,
the name for this process, is an amalgamation of “broadcasting” and
the acronym “POD”.POD stands for “portable on Demand,”
Podcasting is online audio content made available through
the Internet using a subscription “feed”. Vodcasting (video-on-
demand casting) is the same principle as podcasting with the addition
of video. Podcasts can be transferred and played on any portable
media player such as an iPod or MP3 player. Vodcasts can be
transferred and played on any MP3 video player.
Relevance of podcasting /vodcasting in classroom

22. • Podcasting /vodcasting allows educators to reach students.
• It can be used to interact with students and parents beyond the
four walls of a classroom and can be great facilitator to increase
student engagement.
• Podcasting/vodcasting is an inexpensive way to create digital
content for your classroom.
• It can help foster student creativity and prepare them for a
global market.
• Teachers can also use podcasting to create “testing review”
sessions for students.
• It will also benefit students by giving them opportunity to listen
and or watch classroom content multiple times.
E-learning
E-learning is the use of
network technology to design, deliver, select, administer and
extend learning. It is internet enable learning. E-learning uses
the power of networks, primarily, those that rely not only on
internet technologies but also satellite networks and digit
content to enable learning not only on internet technologies but
also satellite networks and digit content to enable learning.
E-learning provides
• Faster learning at reduced costs
• Increased access to learning and
• Clear accountability for all participants in the learning process
Goals of e-learning
• Access to information technology

23. • Help student achieve high academic standards
• Improve the next generation of technology applications for
teaching and learning
FEATURES OF E-LEARNING
• E-learning is dynamic
• E-learning operates in real time
• E-learning collaborative
• E-learning is individual
• E-learning is comprehensive
Benefits for leaner
• Fosters interaction among students and instructor. Interaction
stimulates understanding and the recall of information
• Fosters self paced learning
• Convenient for students to access any time, any place
• Accommodated different learning styles and fosters learning
through a variety of activities.
• Allow students to select learning materials
• Develops knowledge of the internet that will help learners
though out their future
Benefits for instructor
• Help the instructors to develop materials using the world wide
resources of the web
• Allow to communicate information in a more engaging fashion
than in text based distance education

24. • Convenient for instructors to access any time, any place
• Retain records of discussion and allow for future reference
• Sets a framework for standardized course delivery
WEB BASED LEARNING
Web-based learning is one way
to learn, using web-based technologies or tools in a learning
process. In other words, learner uses mainly computers to interact
with the teacher, other students and learning material. Web-based
learning consists of technology that supports traditional classroom
training and online learning environments. Web-based learning can be
also formal or informal.
Formal web-based learning is purposed and learning
activities are organised by teachers. Informal learning takes place
while you are searching material from the Internet. It is self-paced,
depending on your goals and ambition to learn.
VIRTUAL CLASSROOM

25. Virtual classroom is a web based environment that
allow participating in live training events without the need to
travel. Students can listen to lectures, participate in lab exercises,
ask questions and receive feedback just as he/she do in
conventional classroom. It saves the expense and travel time to a
training site. That is virtual classrooms are the classrooms
functioning in a system of virtual reality.
conclusion
The range of electronic resources is considerable and
growing all the time. The type, quality and usefulness of
resources varies enormously (especially for academic
users).There are both free and fee resources. New users should
be made aware of the differences, benefits and drawbacks of
various kinds of resources.