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Financial Statement Analysis Dr. Rana Singh www.ranasingh.org 98 11 828 987
Financial  Statement Analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Examples of External Uses of Statement Analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Examples of Internal Uses of Statement Analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Primary Types of Financial Statements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Basket Wonders’ Balance Sheet (Asset Side) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Basket Wonders Balance Sheet (thousands) Dec. 31, 2003 a
Basket Wonders’ Balance Sheet (Liability Side) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Basket Wonders Balance Sheet (thousands) Dec. 31, 2003
Basket Wonders’ Income Statement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Basket Wonders Statement of Earnings (in thousands) for Year Ending December 31, 2003 a
Framework for Financial Analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1.  Analysis of the funds needs of the firm. Trend / Seasonal Component How much funding will be required in the future? Is there a seasonal component?
Framework for Financial Analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1.  Analysis of the funds needs of the firm. 2.  Analysis of the financial condition and profitability of the firm.
Framework for Financial Analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1.  Analysis of the funds needs of the firm. 2.  Analysis of the financial condition and profitability of the firm. 3.  Analysis of the business risk of the firm. Business risk   relates to the risk inherent in the operations of the firm.
Framework for Financial Analysis ,[object Object],Determining the  financing needs of  the firm. 1.  Analysis of the funds needs of the firm. 2.  Analysis of the financial condition and profitability of the firm. 3.  Analysis of the business risk of the firm.
Framework for Financial Analysis Negotiations with suppliers of capital. Determining the  financing needs of  the firm. 1.  Analysis of the funds needs of the firm. 2.  Analysis of the financial condition and profitability of the firm. 3.  Analysis of the business risk of the firm.
Use of Financial Ratios ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
External Comparisons and Sources of Industry Ratios ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Liquidity Ratios ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Balance Sheet Ratios Liquidity Ratios *1,195 *500 =  2.39
Liquidity Ratio Comparisons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Current   Ratio Ratio is stronger than the industry average.
Liquidity Ratios ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Balance Sheet Ratios Liquidity Ratios *1,195 - *696 *500 =  1.00
Liquidity Ratio Comparisons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Acid-Test Ratio Ratio is  weaker  than the industry average.
Summary of the Liquidity Ratio Comparisons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Current Ratio -- Trend Analysis Comparison
Acid-Test Ratio -- Trend Analysis Comparison
Summary of the Liquidity Trend Analyses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Financial Leverage Ratios ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Balance Sheet Ratios Financial Leverage Ratios *1,030 *1,139 =  .90
Financial Leverage  Ratio Comparisons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Debt-to-Equity Ratio BW has average debt utilization relative to the industry average.
Financial Leverage Ratios ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Balance Sheet Ratios Financial Leverage Ratios *1,030 *2,169 =  .47
Financial Leverage  Ratio Comparisons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Debt-to-Total-Asset Ratio BW has average debt utilization relative to the industry average.
Coverage Ratios ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Income Statement Ratios Coverage Ratios *210 *59 =  3.56
Coverage Ratio Comparisons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Interest Coverage Ratio BW has below average interest coverage relative to the industry average.
Coverage Ratio -- Trend Analysis Comparison
Summary of the Coverage Trend Analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Activity Ratios ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Income Statement / Balance Sheet Ratios Activity Ratios *2,211 *394 =  5.61 (Assume all sales are credit sales.)
Activity Ratios ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Income Statement / Balance Sheet Ratios Activity Ratios 365 5.61 =  65 days
Activity Ratio Comparisons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Average Collection Period BW has improved the average collection period to that of the industry average.
Activity Ratios ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Income Statement / Balance Sheet Ratios Activity Ratios *1551 *94 =  16.5 (Assume annual credit  purchases = *1,551.)
Activity Ratios ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Income Statement / Balance Sheet Ratios Activity Ratios 365 16.5 =  22.1 days
Activity Ratio Comparisons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Payable Turnover in Days BW has improved the PT in Days. Is this good?
Activity Ratios ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Income Statement / Balance Sheet Ratios Activity Ratios *1,599 *696 =  2.30
Activity Ratio Comparisons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Inventory Turnover Ratio BW has a very poor inventory turnover ratio.
Inventory Turnover Ratio --Trend Analysis Comparison
Activity Ratios ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Income Statement / Balance Sheet Ratios Activity Ratios *2,211 *2,169 =  1.02
Activity Ratio Comparisons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Total Asset Turnover Ratio BW has a weak total asset turnover ratio. Why is this ratio considered weak?
Profitability Ratios ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Income Statement / Balance Sheet Ratios Profitability Ratios *612 *2,211 = . 277
Profitability Ratio Comparisons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Gross Profit Margin BW has a weak Gross Profit Margin.
Gross Profit Margin -- Trend Analysis Comparison
Profitability Ratios ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Income Statement / Balance Sheet Ratios Profitability Ratios *91 *2,211 =  .041
Profitability Ratio Comparisons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Net Profit Margin BW has a poor Net Profit Margin.
Net Profit Margin -- Trend Analysis Comparison
Profitability Ratios ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Income Statement / Balance Sheet Ratios Profitability Ratios *91 *2,160 =  .042
Profitability  Ratio Comparisons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Return on Assets BW has a poor Return on Assets.
Return on Assets – Trend Analysis Comparison
Profitability Ratios ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Income Statement / Balance Sheet Ratios Profitability Ratios *91 *1,139 =  .08
Profitability  Ratio Comparisons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Return on Equity BW has a poor Return on Equity.
Return on Equity -- Trend Analysis Comparison
Return on Investment and the Du Pont Approach ,[object Object],[object Object],ROI  =  Net profit margin  X   Total asset turnover Earning Power  =  Sales profitability  X   Asset efficiency
Return on Equity and  the Du Pont Approach ,[object Object],[object Object],Return On Equity  =  Net profit margin  X     Total asset turnover  X   Equity Multiplier Equity Multiplier  =  Total Assets Shareholders’ Equity
Summary of the Profitability Trend Analyses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Summary of Ratio Analyses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Common-size Analysis ,[object Object]
Basket Wonders’ Common Size Balance Sheets
Basket Wonders’ Common Size Balance Sheets
Basket Wonders’ Common Size Income Statements
Index Analyses ,[object Object]
Basket Wonders’  Indexed Balance Sheets
Basket Wonders’  Indexed Balance Sheets
Basket Wonders’ Indexed Income Statements
Classification of Assets:  Intangible Assets ,[object Object],
Shareholder Value  Maximization Profitability Risk Growth Profit Margin Sales Turnover Capital Market Conditions One Useful Framework Source : Ram Kumar Kakani, ‘ Financial Performance and Diversification Strategy of Indian Business Groups ’, Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, March 2001.
What is Tobin’s Q Ratio? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
FSA of Indian Paper Industry
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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