Restore degraded ecosystem

2. DEFINITION:
• A PROCESS ASSISTING THE
RECOVERY OF ECOSYSTEM THAT
HAVE BEEN DEGRADED, DAMAGED
OR DESTROYED.
• BY SER( SOCIETY FOR ECOLOGICAL
RESTORATION):

3. PURPOSE
• RESTORATION HELPS IN REVERSING
LOSSES OF ECOSYSTEM LIKE
CLIMATE CHANGE, INVASIVE
SPECIES, DEGRADATION etc.
• CHECKS DECLINE IN BIODIVERSITY.
• IMPROVE HUMAN CONDITIONS

4. HISTORY:
• WORD COINED BY JOHN ARBER AND
WILLIAM JORDAN.

5. Ecosystem Properties
• Resistance: To resisst displacement from the initial stage
• Resiliance : If ecosystem is disturbed the activity of ecosystem to recover
the initial stage after disturbance
• Elasticity : The rate of recovring in the initial stage after disturbance
• Amplitude : A zone which the sys. Disturbed will return to initial stage with
high speed
• Hystrosis : The extent to which the pattern of recovery differs form the
path of degradation
• Malleablity : The degree to which the new permanent stage
establishment after disurbance diffrs from initial stage

6. FORMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL
DEGRADATION
• GLOBAL WARMING

7. ENERGY CONSUMPTION

8. DISTURBANCE

9. SUCCESSION

10. ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION

11. LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY

12. RESTORATION PLAN
Ten Steps in a Successful Ecological Restoration.
• Inventory and map
• Describe the site's history
• Develop a hypothesis
• Develop goals
• Develop implementation plan
• Design a monitoring program
• Implement the restoration program.
• Prepare reports and papers
• Periodically evaluate the program
• Communicate with and educate

13. RESTORATION

14. RESTORATION(CONT.)
 No action
 Too expensive
 Previous attempts have failed
 System may be able to recover on its own (eg: agricultural fields
returning to the wild)
 Rehabilitation
 Replace degraded ecosystem with another, using simple species
assemblage (eg: turn degraded forest into productive pasture)
 Establishes a functioning community on site & restores
ecosystem services
 Partial restoration
 Restore some ecosystem functions & some original species
 Start with hardy local species, leaving rare species for later
efforts
 Complete restoration
 Restore complete original species composition, structure &
function through a comprehensive reintroduction process

15. Different tools , Techniques And
Method For Ecosystem Restoration
• Microbes for soil fertility :-
• Azobactor &Frankia
• Nitrogen fixing bacteria for Nodulation in
Legumes :-
• Symbiotic association of Legume-
Rhizobia
• Use of Mycorrhizae in Reforestation :-
• Ectomycorrhizae, VAM/AM

16. DIFFERENT APPROACHES
• REVEGETATION

17. REMEDIATION

18. RECREATION

19. RESTORATION :