1. How to Write
a Great
Research
Paper

2. Motivation: Why Write?
Science includes the dissemination of knowledge.
Purpose of a Scientific Paper:
• To communicate to the community
• To contribute to the advancement of knowledge
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3. When You Should NOT Write A Paper
 Want or need Publications
 Peer Pressure
 Want to go to a Conference
- increase Publication count
- Fame
Wrong reasons:
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4. Inventions
Innovations that are appealing in their elegance
Progress
Solves open problems that have arisen from recent work
typical conference/journal paper
Survey
surveys and unifies a specialized subject contains added
value (frameworks, taxonomies) brings together disparate
work
Types of Papers
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5. Writing Papers: Model 1
Idea Do research Write Draft

6. Writing Papers: Model 2
Idea Do research Write Draft
Idea Write Draft Do research

8. Components of a
Research
Paper:
 Title
 Name of the author
 Abstract
Keywords
 Introduction
 Material and Methods
 Results
 Discussion
 Conclusion
 Acknowledgements
 References

9. • It should be clear, concise and adequately self explanatory regarding the
contents of the report.
• Should be catchy enough to grab the attention of the reader.
• Should be of optimum length, neither too short nor too long.
• Order of words should be proper, so as to convey the correct meaning.
• It is desirable to avoid the use of abbreviations, formulae, trademark
names, jargon .
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Authors and Addresses
 Written just below the title
 Prefixing of titles (e.g. Dr., Prof., etc.) and suffixing of degrees (Ph.D., M. D.,
etc.) to the names are not generally permitted.
 Mentioning of the designation of the authors (Prof., Head, Reader etc.) has also
to be avoided.
 The sequence of the authors depends on the relative contribution, each author
has made to the actual research work.
 If the authors belong to different institutions , the name and address is marked
with superscript like a, b, c …or 1,2,3….

11. Abstract
• It is a summary of the information in the research article.
• Gives the salient features of the main sections of a Paper.
• Should not contain any reference, table, figures etc.
• Should be written in short and concise sentences, in past
tense and in passive voice.
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Keywords
• Few words in the article about 3 to 8 which are
used for indexing services, just below the abstract.
• Choice of words should be such that they facilitate
searching for the article in some database.

13. • First section of the research paper
• Aim is to introduce the specific subject of research to the reader,
to justify the choice of the topic and the specific methodology
adopted and to state clearly the objectives of the investigation.
• To begin with, a relatively broad background of the topic is given,
it helps to point out the gaps in the literature.
• Background scope is progressively narrowed to the specific
problem
Introduction

14. • This section is meant for giving the details of all the
materials and methods used and if necessary the details
of the specific techniques.
• Reason for providing all the necessary details is to
enable any competent worker to repeat our experiment.
Materials and Methods

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• This section represents the nucleus of the research paper
• We should present our results with accuracy and clarity.
• Raw data should not be given in this section, only processed,
summarized selected data should be preferred.
• We should avoid redundancy of results.
• Graphs, diagrams, maps, photomicrographs or any other
illustration are included in this section.
Results

16. • It is the most challenging section to write.
• This section is meant to interpret the results and discuss them in
the light of
• What is already known
• To state the significance and the conclusions derived out
from the obtained results.
• Any good research paper should contain a comparison of the
results and interpretations to other studies citing references from
the literature.
Discussion

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Conclusion
The conclusions finally should made in
such a way which appears with suggestions
for future course of research in the specific
organism.

18. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Meant to express the researchers gratitude to:
- Those who provided significant technical help.
- Sources, individuals, laboratories, companies etc.
Which helped the researcher with special equipment,
chemicals, specimens etc.

19.  Title (1000 readers)
 Abstract (4 sentences, 100 readers)
 Introduction (1 page, 100 readers)
 The problem (1 page, 10 readers)
 My idea (2 pages, 10 readers)
 The details (5 pages, 3 readers)
 Related work (1-2 pages, 10 readers)
 Conclusions and further work (0.5
pages,100 readers)
No. of Readers

20. Structure of the
Paper
 Abstract (4 sentences)
 Introduction (1 page)
 The problem (1 page)
 My idea (2 pages)
 The details (5 pages)
 Related work (1-2 pages)
 Conclusions and further work (0.5
pages)

21. Structure
• Abstract (4 sentences)
• Introduction (1 page)
•Related work
• The problem (1 page)
• My idea (2 pages)
• The details (5 pages)
• Related work (1-2 pages)
• Conclusions and further work (0.5 pages)

22. No related work yet!
Related
work
Your reader Your idea

23. No related work yet
Problem 1: the reader knows nothing
about the problem yet; so your related
work of various technical tradeoffs is
absolutely incomprehensible
Problem 2: describing alternative
approaches create gaps between the
reader and your idea. I feel tired
I feel stupid

24. What leads to acceptance ?
• Attention to details .
• Check and double check your work
• Consider the reviewers’ comments
• English must be as good as possible
• Presentation is important
• Take your time with revision
• Acknowledge those who have helped you
• New, original and previously unpublished
• Critically evaluate your own manuscript
• Ethical rules must be obey.

25. Treat every review like gold dust
Be (truly) grateful for criticism as well as praise
Listening To Your Reviewers
This is really, really, really hard
But it’s
really, really, really, really, really, really, really, really, really,
really
important

26. Paraphrase!!!

27. Publishers
Choose the Good ones
 Science direct, Springer, wily, Cambridge, Taylor &Francis
 Avoid the black listed/Lesser know journals

28. Publication ethics – How it can end
.....

29. Finished!!! You did it!!!

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