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Bio assay of snake venom by jsk nagarajan
1. Bio Assay of
NAKE VENOM
J.S.K. NAGARAJAN,
ASST. PROFESSOR,
JSS UNIVERSITY,
(OFF CAMPUS, JSS COLLEGE OF
PHARMACY),
OOTY- 643 001.
email: nagasaki2001@rediffmail.com
Ph: 09443149945
2.
3. The Venom
LD50 of 0.25- 10 to 15 mg is
0.32 mg/kg deadly to a human
adult
One bite
delivers 100- Contains
120mg on Calciseptine
average Toxin 1
Maximum 400 Toxin K
mg
4. Toxins in Venom
Most snakes have multiple types of
venom.
• Cobras have both a short and long
neurotoxin as well as a cardiotoxin.
• Kraits: 3 different types of neurotoxins.
• Sea snakes: Neurotoxin as well as 2
Blood toxins (one causes lysis blood
cells, the other is an anti-coagulant).
• Mambas have only Fasciculin.
5. Mode of Action
These snake neurotoxins act on the
neuromuscular junction (next slide) and
block neuromuscular transmission.
• Fasciculin interferes with this process by
binding to Acetylcholinesterase (AChE).
• Cobratoxin binds to the Acetylcholine
receptors on the muscle cell.
• Result: “Death by respiratory paralysis”.
7. VIPER VENOM
Viper Venom is the dried secretion obtained
from the poison glands of Viperae russelli and
other species of Viperae.
Ppn: Extraction
Drying (freeze)
Dissolving ( WFI)
Filter(bacteria free)- STOCK
SOLUTION
Dilution (to give req. no. of Mouse unit/ml)
Distributed in single dose.
Dried and seal.
NOTE: Mouse Unit/ml: Quantity in mg of
the venom which will kill in 2-24hrs NLT 3 &
NMT 8 mice.
8. Anti Snake Venom
• ASV is prepared by hyperimmunising
horses against venoms of snake.
• It neutralises the free, unbound
venom & to some extent also
dissociates the bound toxin
9. 1 ml of ASV neutralises
• Cobra – 0.6 mg
• Common krait – 0.45mg
• Russels viper – 0.6 mg
• Saw scaled viper – 0.45 mg
10. Assay
Test Animals: 10 Mice ( 18- 20g)
Dissolve(Equiv. 50 Mouse Unit)25 ml of Saline
Inject 0.5 ml IV into each mice
Observe the animals for 24 hours.
Result: NLT 3 & NMT 8 mice die in 2 - 24
hrs .
If the number of deaths is not within the range
Change the dilution of the venom suitably.
Express result in terms of Number of Mouse
Units/mg.
