Kerala Police Act 2011-uploaded by T J Joseph Deputy Collector Alappuzha കേരള പോലീസ് ആക്ട് 2011

1. 2011˛se 8˛mw BIv‰v
2011˛se tIcf t]meokv BIv‰v
tIcf kwÿmsØ t]meokv tkbpsS cq]oIcWhpw
nb{¥Whpw A[nImcßfpw I¿Øhyßfpw kw_‘n®
nbaw t{ImUoIcn°p∂Xnpw t`ZKXn sNøp∂Xnpw
AXpambn _‘s∏´Xpw AXnv BpjwKnIhpamb
Imcy߃°pwth≠nbpff
Hcp
BIv‰v
]oTnI.-˛ cmjv{SØns‚ AJWvUXbpw kpc£nXXzhpw kwc£n°p∂Xnpw, Hmtcm
]uct‚bpw Pohpw kzØnpw kzmX{¥yØnpw A¥ npw apjymhImi߃°pw
`cWLSmpkrXamb ]cnKW ¬In bYmhn[nbpff kpXmcyXtbmSpIqSn nbahmgvN
Dd∏m°p∂Xnpw sXmgn¬ sshZKv≤yapffXpw ]cnioen∏n°s∏´Xpw ss]pWyhpw
A®S°hpw A¿∏Wt_m[hpw DffXpamb Hcp t]meokv kwhn[mw G¿s∏SptØ≠Xv
bp‡ambncn°pIbmepw;
aXnbmbXpw hyhÿm]nXhpw Bb A[nImcßfpw DØchmZnXzßfpw ¬In,
t]meokns Imcy£aXtbmSpIqSn A[nImc߃ hnntbmKn°phmpw I¿Øhy߃
n¿Δln°phmpw {]m]vXcmt°≠Xv Bhiyambncn°pIbmepw;
B[pnI Pm[n]Xy kaqlØnv AptbmPyambn {]h¿Øn°p∂Xpw
Pkulm¿±hpw {Iakam[mhpw nen¿Øp∂Xpamb Hcp t]meokv kwhn[mw
th≠Xnmepw;
t]meokn¬ n£n]vXamb A[nImc߃ Zp¿hnntbmKw sNøs∏Sp∂n√sb∂pw
t]meokns‚ {]h¿Ø߃ hyhÿm]nXhpw Imcy£ahpamb nb{¥W߃°v
hnt[bamsW∂v Dd∏phcptØ≠Xv AXy¥mt]£nXambXnmepw;
Ct∏mƒ, AXnm¬, tIcf kwÿmsØ t]meokv tkbpsS cq]oIcWhpw
nb{¥Whpw A[nImchpw I¿Øhyßfpw kw_‘n® nbaw t{ImUoIcn°p∂Xpw
t`ZKXnsNøp∂Xpw Apt]£WobambXnmepw;
`mcX dn∏ªn°ns‚ Adp]Ønsbm∂mw kwh’cØn¬ Cn ]dbpw {]Imcw
nbaap≠m°p∂p:˛

2. A≤ymbw˛1
{]mcw`w
1. Npcp°t∏cpw, hym]vXnbpw, {]mcw`hpw:-˛(1) Cu BIv‰nv 2011 se tIcf t]meokv
BIv‰v, F∂v t]cv ]dbmw.
(2) CXnv tIcf kwÿmw apgph≥ hym]vXnbp≠mbncn°p∂XmWv.
(3) CXv DS≥ {]m_eyØn¬ hcp∂XmWv.
2. n¿ΔN߃:- (1) Cu BIv‰n¬, kμ¿`w a‰phn[Øn¬ Bhiys]SmØ]£w,˛
(F) “ IΩoj≥” F∂m¬ 24˛mw hIp∏p{]Imcw cq]oIcn°s∏´ kwÿm
kpc£mIΩoj≥ F∂¿∞amIp∂p;
(_n) “Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v ”F∂m¬ at‰Xv DtZymKt]cnm¬ B DtZymKÿ≥
Adnbs∏´mepw, Hcp Pn√bpsS FIvknIyp´ohv `cWØns‚ NpaXebp≈ DtZymKÿ≥
F∂¿∞amIp∂p;
(kn) “k¿°m¿” F∂m¬ tIcf k¿°m¿ F∂¿∞amIp∂p;
(Un) “ÿew” F∂Xn¬ ÿnctam Xm¬°menItam Bb GsX¶nepw sI´nSw,
IqSmcw, _qØv, hmlw As√¶n¬ a‰p n¿ΩmW߃, sI´nbS®tXm Xpd mbtXm Bb
Ic, IS¬, Imb¬, XSmIw, ZnIƒ, tXmSpIƒ, NXp∏v A¥co£w F∂nhbpƒs∏sSbp≈
GsX¶nepw {]tZiw F∂nh Dƒs∏Sp∂XmIp∂p;
(C) “t]meokv”v F∂Xn¬ 3˛Dw 4˛Dw hIp∏pIƒ {]Imcw hnn¿t±in°s∏´
I¿Øhyßfpw NpaXeIfpw n¿Δln°p∂hcpw A{]Imcw sNøp∂Xnv 88˛mw
hIp∏p{]Imcw A[nImcs∏SpØs∏´hcpamb F√m BfpIfpw F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw
Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p;
(F^v) “t]meokv tk” F∂m¬ 14˛mw hIp∏n¬ ]cma¿in°s∏´ t]meokv tk
F∂¿∞amIp∂p;
(Pn) “t]meokv Pn√” F∂m¬ Cu BIv‰ns‚ 16˛mw hIp∏p {]Imcw {]Jym]n°s∏´
{]mtZinI taJe F∂¿∞amIp∂p;
(F®v) “t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥” F∂m¬ t]meokv tkbnse Hcp AwKw
F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw C¥y≥ t]meokv k¿Δoknse Hcp DtZymKÿ≥
Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p;
(sF) “hkvXp” F∂Xn¬ ]Whpw, hne]nSn∏p≈ CuSpw, ÿmhctam, PwKatam,
UnPn‰tem Bb F√m hkvXp°fpw Dƒs∏Sp∂XmIp∂p;

3. (sP) “s]mXpÿew”F∂m¬ AhImiamtbm A√msXtbm s]mXpPØnv
{]thin°mhp∂ GsXmcp ÿehpw F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw:-˛
(i) Hcp s]mXp sI´nShpw kvamcIhpw AhbpsS ]cnkchpw; IqSmsX
(ii) sh≈saSp°p∂Xntm IgpIp∂Xntm Ipfn°p∂Xntm k©mcw, hntmZw,
Blmcw, hn{iaw, NnIn’, hym]mcw apXembhbvt°m GsX¶nepw tkhØntm th≠n
s]mXpPØnv {]thiap≈Xmb GsXmcp ÿehpw, Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p.
(sI) “tkhZmXmhv” F∂m¬ GsX¶nepw {]Xn^ew kzoIcnt®m A√msXtbm
s]mXpPØntm AXns‚ GsX¶nepw hn`mKØntm Hcp hy‡nt°m GsX¶nepw tkhw
{]Zmw sNøp∂Xmb GsX¶nepw Btfm GP≥kntbm AXns‚ NpaXe°mctm
Poh°mctm F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw t^m¨, C‚¿s‰v, Iºyq´¿, hmlw, Blmcw, Pew,
[Imcyw, hmSI, ]Wbw, Bip]{Xn, et_md´dn, ipNoIcWw, tISp]mSpXo¿°¬,
sshZypXn, nt£]w, Hmlcn n¿ΩmWw, kpc£, hym]mcw, hmbv], C‘w, hn{iaw,
hntmZw apXemb tkh߃ ¬Ip∂hcpw, Bhiys∏Sptºmƒ s]mXpPØnv
GsX¶nepw tkhw ¬Ip∂Xpamb AØcØnep≈ at‰sX¶nepw hy‡nbpw
GP≥knbpw Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p;
(F¬) “sXcphv ”F∂Xn¬ s]mXphgnbmbmepw As√¶nepw s]mXpPØnv
{]thiap≈ GsX¶nepw sslth, ]mew, hgn, hcºv, tdmUv, CShgn, Shgn, NXzcw,
A¶Ww, DZymhoYn, Nm¬ As√¶n¬ CSmgn F∂nh Dƒs∏Sp∂XmIp∂p;
(Fw) “{Sm^n°v ”F∂m¬ GsX¶nepw s]mXpÿeØpIqsS BfpIƒ, arK߃,
hml߃, bm߃, Nc°pIƒ XpSßnbhbpsS GsX¶nepw XcØnep≈ o°w
F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw AXn¬ Ahbn¬ GsX¶nepw LSIØns‚ H‰bvt°m Iq´mtbm D≈
o°sØ _m[n°p∂ coXnbn¬ B ÿetØm kao]tØm ÿnXn sNøp∂
hmlßfpsSbpw PohPmeßfpsSbpw hkvXp°fpsSbpw Xm¬°menItam ÿnctam Bb
hnymkw Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p;
(F≥) “hmlw” F∂m¬ GsX¶nepw Bfnstbm arKsØtbm as‰s¥¶nepw
hkvXphnstbm hln°p∂ KXmKX D]m[n F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw AXn¬ h≠n, Npa´ph≠n,
hm≥, {S°v, ssIh≠n, t_m´v, ssk°nƒ, ss{Sssk°nƒ, dn£m, tamt´m¿ hmlw, bmw,
hnamw F∂nh Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p.
(2) Cu BIv‰n¬ D]tbmKn®n´p≈Xpw n¿ΔNn®n´n√mØXpw F∂m¬ 1860 ˛se
C¥y≥ in£mnbaØntem (1860˛se 45˛mw tI{μ BIv‰v) 1973˛se {Inan¬ S]Sn nba
kwlnXbntem (1974˛se 2˛mw tI{μ BIv‰v) ˛ n¿ΔNn®n´p≈Xpamb hm°pIƒ°pw
{]tbmK߃°pw Ahbn¬ ¬Inbncn°p∂ n¿ΔN߃ _m[Iambncn°p∂XmWv.

4. A≤mbw II
t]meokns‚ I¿Øhyßfpw NpaXeIfpw
3. t]meokns‚ I¿Øhy߃.˛ `mcXØns‚ `cWLSbv°pw AXn≥Iogn¬
n¿Ωn®n´p≈ nba߃°pw hnt[bambn, `cWhyhÿbpsS `mKambn P߃°nSbn¬
{]h¿Øn°p∂ Hcp tkh hn`mKw F∂ nebn¬ {Iakam[mhpw cmjv{SØns‚
AJWvUXbpw cmjv{Skpc£bpw apjymhImi kwc£Whpw Dd∏phcpØn
nba{]Imcw F√m BfpIƒ°pw e`yamIp∂ kzmX{¥yßfpw AhImißfpw Ah¿
Ap`hn°p∂p F∂v Dd∏m°p∂Xnmbn t]meokv nbampkrXambn bXvnt°≠XmWv.
4. t]meokns‚ NpaXeIƒ.˛ Cu BIv‰ns‚ hyhÿIƒ°v hnt[bambn
t]meokptZymKÿ¿ Cn ]dbp∂ NpaXeIƒ n¿Δlnt°≠XmWv, AXmbXv˛--
(F) ]£t`Zw IqSmsX nbaw S∏nem°pI;
(_n) F√m BfpIfptSbpw Poh≥, kzmX{¥yw, kzØv, apjymhImi߃, A¥ v
F∂nh nbampkrXw kwc£n°pI;
(kn) cmjv{SØns‚ B`y¥ckpc£ ImØpkq£n°pIbpw, Xo{hhmZ
{]h¿Ø߃, h¿§ob A{Iaw, B`y¥cIem]w apXembhbvs°Xncmbn Pm{KXtbmsS
{]h¿Øn°pIbpw sNøpI;
(Un) s]mXpkpc£ Dd∏m°p∂ {IaoIcW߃ t{]m’mln∏n°pIbpw
ImØpkq£n°pIbpw s]mXp kam[mw nen¿ØpIbpw sNøpI;
(C) A]mbßfn¬ n∂pw D]{Zhßfn¬ n∂pw s]mXpPsØ kwc£n°pI ;
(F^v) tdmUpIƒ, sdbn¬th, ]me߃, a¿Ω{][mamb {]XnjvTm]߃,
ÿm]߃ F∂nh Dƒs∏sS F√m s]mXp kzØp°fpw kwc£n°pI;
(Pn) nba]camb A[nImc߃ ]camh[n D]tbmKn®v Ip‰IrXy߃ XSbpIbpw
Ipd®v sIm≠phcpIbpw sNøpI;
(F®v) Ip‰IrXyßsf°pdn®v nbampkcWw AtzjWw SØn Ip‰hmfnIsf
bYmhn[nbp≈ nbaS]SnIƒ°v hnt[bam°pI;
(sF) F√m s]mXp ÿeßfnepw {Sm^nIv nb{¥n°pIbpw {IaoIcn°pIbpw
sNøpI;
(sP) Ip‰IrXyßfmbn ]cnWant®°mhp∂ X¿°ßfpw kwL¿jßfpw
Hgnhm°phmpw ]cnlcn°phmpw {ian°pI;

5. (sI) {]IrXnZØtam A√mØtXm Bb Zpc¥tam, AXymlnXtam, A]IStam
D≠mIptºmƒ ASnb¥ncambn CSs]SpIbpw t¢iw Ap`hn°p∂ BfpIƒ°v DNnXamb
F√m klmbhpw ¬IpI;
(F¬) t]meokns‚ F√m {]h¿Ø߃°pw cmjv{SØns‚ kpc£bv°pw
klmbIcamb hnhc߃ kamlcn°pIbpw ]cntim[n°pIbpw Bhiysa¶n¬ hym]w
SØpIbpw sNøpI;
(Fw) IÃUnbnep≈ F√m BfpIƒ°pw nbampkcWap≈ kwc£Whpw
kpc£nXXzhpw Dd∏phcpØpI;
(F≥) £aXbp≈ A[nImcÿmßfpsSbpw taeptZymKÿcpsSbpw
nbampkrXamb F√m DØchpIfpw Apkcn°pIbpw nbampkrXambn
S∏nem°pIbpw sNøpI;
(H) t]meokv tkbpsS B¥cnI A®S°w ]men°pIbpw nen¿ØpIbpw
sNøpI;
(]n) P߃°nSbn¬ s]mXphmbn kpc£nXXz t_m[w Dd∏phcpØpI;
(Iyp) s]mXpÿeßfntem, sXcphntem, n lmbtcm, ncmew_tcm Bbn
ImWs∏Sp∂ BfpIfpsS, {]tXyIn®v kv{XoIfptSbpw Ip´nIfptSbpw, apXn¿∂
]uc∑mcpsSbpw, IgnhpIfn¬ hyXykvXXbp≈ BfpIfpsSbpw NpaXe Gs‰SpØv
AhcpsS kpc£nXXzw Dd∏phcpØpI;
(B¿) X’abw {]m_eyØnep≈ GsX¶nepw nbaØm¬
NpaXes∏SpØnbncn°p∂ I¿Øhy߃ ]men°pI;
(Fkv) k¿°m¿, ImemImeßfn¬ nbampkrXw G¬∏n®psImSp°p∂ a‰v
NpaXeIƒ n¿Δln°pI.
A≤ymbw III
t]meokv tÃj≥
5. t]meokv tÃjpIƒ ÿm]n°¬.˛ (1) k¿°mcnv, 1973˛se {Inan¬ S]Sn
nbakwlnXbpsS (1974˛se 2˛mw tI{μ BIv‰v) 2˛mw hIp∏nse hyhÿIƒ°v hnt[bambn,
hn⁄m]whgn, Cu nbaØns‚ BhiyØnte°mbn Hmtcm Xt±i{]tZiØnpw th≠n
t]meokv tÃjpIƒ ÿm]n°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) Hmtcm t]meokv tÃjt‚bpw A[nImcnXbp≈ {]tZihpw AXv {]h¿Ønt°≠
sI´nShpw ]cnkchpw (1)˛mw D]hIp∏n≥ Iogn¬ ]pds∏Sphn®n´p≈ hn⁄m]Øn¬
hnn¿t±in®n´p≈ {]Imcambncnt°≠XmWv.

6. (3) k¿°m¿ n›bn°p∂ HutZymKnI ]Zhnbnep≈ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥
tÃj≥ lukv B^ok¿ F∂ DtZymKt∏tcmSpIqSn Hmtcm t]meokv tÃjs‚bpw
{]h¿Ø ta¬tm´w n¿Δlnt°≠Xpw B DtZymKÿ≥ B t]meokv tÃjs‚
NpaXebp≈ DtZymKÿ≥ Bbncn°p∂XpamWv.
6. t]meokv tÃjpIfn¬ k¿°m¿ aXnbmb kuIcy߃ G¿s∏SpØWsa∂v.˛
(1) k¿°m¿, hn`htijn°v hnt[bambn, ASnÿm t]meokv tkh߃ Bhiyap≈
F√mh¿°pw BbXv {]Zmw sNøp∂Xnv aXnbmb kwJym_ehpw ASnÿm
kuIcyßfpw Hmtcm t]meokv kvt‰jnepw Ds≠∂v Dd∏phcptØ≠XmWv.
(2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcap≈ kuIcyßfn¬ t]meokv tÃjpambn _‘s∏´
F√m t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿°pw Imcy£aambn tPmen sNøp∂Xnp≈ aXnbmb
ASnÿm kuIcy߃, s]mXpP߃°mbn th≠{X kuIcyßtfmSpIqSnb kzoIcW
ÿew, IÃUnbnep≈ km[ßfpw HutZymKnI tcJIfpw HutZymKnI Bbp[ßfpw
shSnt°m∏pIfpw kpc£nXambn kq£n°p∂Xnp≈ aXnbmb kw`cW ÿew,
{]XnIsfbpw IÃUnbn¬ D≈hscbpw kq£n°mp≈ aXnbmb kuIcy߃, DNnXamb
Bibhnnab kuIcy߃, aXnbmb k©mc kuIcyw F∂nhbpw t]meokv tÃjnse
DtZymKÿcn¬ `mcta¬∏n®ncn°p∂ nba]camb DØchmZnXz߃ th≠hn[Øn¬
n¿Δln°p∂Xnp≈ kpc£m D]IcW߃, CeIvt{SmWnIv kwhn[m߃,
Bbp[߃, t^md≥knIv D]IcW߃ F∂nhbpw Dƒs∏Sp∂XmIp∂p.
(3) kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn kwÿmsØ Hmtcm t]meokv tÃjnepw
e`yambn´p≈ kuIcyßfpsS ]cym]vXX Hmtcm h¿jhpw ]pchtemIw sNøp∂Xnp≈
{IaoIcW߃ G¿s∏SptØ≠Xpw DNnXamb nehmcØnep≈ kuIcy߃
G¿s∏SpØp∂Xnv S]SnIƒ FSpt°≠XpamWv.
7. Imcy£aamb t]meokv tkhØnv BfpIƒ°p≈ AhImiw.˛F√m
BfpIƒ°pw t]meokv tÃjn¬ n∂v Imcy£aamb t]meokv tkhØnv AhImiw
D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv.
8. t]meokv tÃjn¬ s]mXpP߃°p≈ AhImi߃ ˛(1) F√m BfpIƒ°pw
ymbamb {]mtbmKnIXbv°v hnt[bambn t]meokv tÃjn¬ n∂v nbampkrX
tkhw e`n°p∂Xnpw GXp kabØpw GXp t]meokv tÃjnepw kam[m]q¿Δw
{]thin°p∂Xnpw kzoIcn°s∏Sp∂Xnpw AhImiw D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv.
(2) s]mXpPßfn¬ GsXmcmƒ°pw ymbamb nb{¥W߃°v hnt[bambn
t]meokv tÃjs‚ NpaXebp≈ DtZymÿs ImWphmpw Imcy߃ Adnbn°phmpw
D≈ AhImiw D≠mbncn°p∂Xpw aXnbmb ImcWßfn√msX Cu AhImiw
ntj[n°phm≥ ]mSn√mØXpamWv.

7. (3) kv{XoIƒ°v hnXm t]meokns‚ km∂n≤yØn¬ kzImcyXtbmsS ]cmXn
¬Iphmp≈ kuIcyw t]meokv tÃjn¬ D≠mbncnt°≠XmWv.
(4) s]mXpPßfn¬ GsXmcmƒ°pw Abmƒ ¬Inb ]cmXnsb kw_‘n® ssI∏‰p
ckoXv e`n°phmpw ]cmXn kw_‘n®p≈ t]meokv S]SnbpsStbm
AtzjWØns‚tbm Ahÿ Adnbphmpw AhImiw D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv.
(5) s]mXpPßfn¬ GsXmcmfpw Abmƒ t]meokv tÃjn¬ hm°mtem
tcJmaqetam ¬Inb GsXmcp ]cmXnbpsSbpw Npcp°w t]meokv tÃjn¬
Imemp{IaØnepw kaImenIhpambn h®pt]mcp∂Xpamb ÿncw cPnÃdn¬ X¬kabw
tcJs∏SptØ≠XmWv.
(6) GsXmcp ]ucpw, GsX¶nepw Hcp {]tXyI Bƒ t]meokv tÃjn¬ IÃUnbn¬
Dt≠msb∂v Adnbphm≥ AhImiw D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv.
9. IÃUnbnep≈ BfpIƒ°pth≠nbp≈ sNehv ¬IWsa∂v.˛IÃUnbnep≈
Hmtcm Bfns‚bpw `£Ww, sh≈w, a‰v {]mYanI Bhiy߃ F∂nh
¬Ip∂Xnte°mbn Hcp AhnZKv≤ sXmgnemfn°v X¬kabw nehnep≈ k¿°m¿
nc°pkcn®p≈ G‰hpw Ipd™ ZnhkthXØns‚ ]IpXnsb∂ {]XnZn nc°n¬
{]Xnamkw IÃUnbnep≈ BfpIfpsS FÆØnpw Imebfhnpw Bp]mXnIamb XpI,
k¿°m¿, Hmtcm t]meokv tÃjpw ¬tI≠XmWv.
10. t]meokv tÃjpIƒ F√mbvt∏mgpw {]h¿Ø£aambncn°Wsa∂v.˛Hcp
t]meokv tÃj≥, t]meokv tkh߃ Bhiyap≈h¿°mbpw t]meokns‚ I¿Øhy
n¿ΔlWØnmbpw Ft∏mgpw {]h¿Ø£ahpw PmKcqIhpw Bbncnt°≠XmWv.
11. {]tXyI t]meokv tÃj≥.˛(1) 5˛mw hIp∏p{]Imcw GsX¶nepw {]tZiØnpth≠n
hn⁄m]w sNøs∏´ t]meokv tÃjpIƒ°v ]pdsa k¿°mcnv GsX¶nepw {]tZiØv
n›nX Imebfhntet°m {]tXyI Dt±iyØntet°m GsX¶nepw {]tXyI nbatam
nbaßtfm S∏nem°p∂Xnp th≠ntbm {]tXyI t]meokv tÃjpIƒ
ÿm]n°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) AØcw {]tXyI t]meokv tÃjpIƒ ÿnXnsNøp∂ sI´nSw, {]tZiw,
A[nImc]cn[n, Dt±iyw, Imebfhv apXembh 5˛mw hIp∏n¬ njvI¿jn°s∏´ coXnbn¬
hn⁄m]w sNtø≠XmWv.
(3) (1)˛Dw (2)˛Dw D]hIp∏pIfn¬ D≈ bmsXm∂pw Xs∂ k©cn°p∂ Hcp
hmlØntem GsX¶nepw Xm¬°menI Hm^okntem Hcp {]tXyI t]meokv tÃj≥
ÿm]n°p∂Xn¬ n∂pw k¿°mcns XSbp∂Xmbn IcpXs∏Sm≥ ]mSp≈X√.

8. (4) Hcp km[mcW t]meokv tÃj≥ ssIs°m≠ GsX¶nepw S]Sn AXv Hcp
{]tXyI t]meokv tÃjs `mcta¬∏n®psImSp°m≥ Ignbpambncp∂ Hcp Imcyambncp∂p
F∂ ImcWØm¬ Akm[phmIp∂X√.
(5) Hmtcm {]tXyI t]meokv tÃjpw AXns‚ {]tXyI Dt±iyhpw {]tXyI
kz`mhhpw hy‡am°p∂ hn[Ønep≈ t]cv ¬tI≠XmWv.
(6) kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn°v {]tXyI DØchphgn Hcp km[mcW t]meokv
tÃjpambn _‘s∏´ GsX¶nepw DØchmZnXzØn¬ n∂v Hcp {]tXyI t]meokv
tÃjnse tÃj≥ lukv B^nksd Hgnhm°mhp¥pw Hcp km[mcW t]meokv tÃj≥
lukv B^oksd G¬∏n®psImSp°mØtXm A[nIambtXm {]tXyIambtXm Bb
DØchmZnXz߃ Abmfn¬ `cta¬∏n°mhp∂XpamWv.
12. t]meokv tÃj≥ Ubdn.˛Hmtcm t]meokv tÃjpw k¿°m¿ ImemImeßfn¬
n›bn°p∂ amXrIbnep≈ Hcp Pd¬ Ubdn kq£nt°≠Xpw ka¿∏n°s∏´ F√m
]cmXnIfpsSbpw {]Ya hnhc dnt∏m¿´pIfptSbpw Nm¿÷pIfpsSbpw kw{Klhpw
]cmXn°mcpsSbpw FXn¿I£nIfpsSbpw AdÃv sNøs∏´ F√m BfpIfpsSbpw
t]cphnhc߃, Ah¿s°Xnsc Nm¿÷p sNøs∏´ Ip‰ßƒ, AhcpsS ssIhiØn¬
nt∂m a‰p hn[Øntem Is≠SpØ Bbp[ßfS°ap≈ hkvXp°ƒ F∂nh kw_‘n®
hnhcßfpw X’abw tcJs∏SptØ≠XpamWv.
13. tÃj≥ Ubdnbpw IÃUn kuIcyhpw ]cntim[n°phm≥ A¿lXbp≈
BfpIƒ.˛(1) kwÿm apjymhImi IΩojs‚tbm kwÿm hnXm IΩojs‚tbm
kwÿm ]´nIPmXn, ]´nItKm{Xh¿§ IΩojs‚tbm kwÿm As√¶n¬ Pn√m
t]meokv Iwπbn‚ v AtXmdn‰nIfpsStbm sNb¿t]gvk¨am¿°pw AwK߃°pw t]meokv
tÃjn¬ {]thin®v 12˛mw hIp∏pkcn®v kq£n®ncn°p∂ GsXmcp Pd¬
Ubdnbnsebpw Dƒ°pdn∏pIfpw IÃUnbn¬ kq£n®n´p≈ GsXmcmfns‚bpw ÿnXnbpw
tcn´v ]cntim[n°mhp∂XpamWv.
(2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcw t]meokv tÃj≥ kμ¿in°p∂ GsXmcmfpw
At±lØns‚ kμ¿iw X¬kabw Ubdnbn¬ tcJs∏SptØ≠Xpw Xs‚
nco£WØns‚ Npcp°w Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnsb F{Xbpw s]s´∂v Adnbnt°≠Xpw
AØcw nco£Wßfn≥ta¬ Bhiyamtb°mhp∂ XpS¿ S]SnIƒ Pn√m t]meokv
ta[mhn F{Xbpw s]s´∂v kzoIcnt°≠XpamWv.

9. A≤ymbw IV
t]meokv tkbpsS s]mXphmb LS
14. tIcf t]meokv.˛(1) tIcf kwÿmØnv tIcf t]meokv F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp
GIoIrX t]meokv tk D≠mbncn°p∂Xpw AXns ImemImeßfn¬
`qanimkv{X]ctam {]h¿Ø£aXm]ctam Bb GsX¶nepw kuIcyØns‚tbm {]tXyI
Dt±iyØns‚tbm ASnÿmØn¬ hnhn[ k_v bqWn‰pIfmtbm, bqWn‰pIfmtbm,
{_m©pIfmtbm, hnwKpIfmtbm k¿°mcnv Xocpamn®v hn`Pn°mhp∂XpamWv.
(2) tIcfm t]meokv tkbn¬, UbdIvS¿ Pd¬ Hm^v t]meokv B‚ v tÉv t]meokv
No^ns°mƒ Db¿∂ Hcp ]Zhn C√ F∂Xnp hnt[bambn, k¿°m¿, ImemImeßfn¬
n›bn°p∂ hnhn[ ]ZhnIƒ D≈ DtZymKÿsc Dƒs∏SpØmhp∂Xpw B ]ZhnIƒ
BtcmlW {IaØn¬ Cn ]dbp∂ {]Imcw Bbncn°p∂XpamWv,˛
(F) t]meokv tIm¨Ã_nƒ;
(_n) t]meokv slUvtIm¨Ã_nƒ ;
(kn) Akn v k_v C≥kvs]IvS¿ Hm^v t]meokv;
(Un) k_v C≥kvs]IvS¿ Hm^v t]meokv;
(C) C≥kvs]IvS¿ Hm^v t]meokv;
(F^v) sU]yq´n kq{]≠v Hm^v t]meokv;
(Pn) kq{]≠v Hm^v t]meokv;
(F®v) sU]yq´n C≥kvs]IvS¿ Pd¬ Hm^v t]meokv;
(sF) C≥kvs]IvS¿ Pd¬ Hm^v t]meokv;
(sP) AUojW¬ UbdIvS¿ Pd¬ Hm^v t]meokv;
(sI) UbdIvS¿ Pd¬ Hm^v t]meokv;
(F¬) UbdIvS¿ Pd¬ Hm^v t]meokv B‚ v tÉv t]meokv No^v.
(3) k¿°mcnv, s]mXphmbtXm {]tXyIambtXm Bb DØchneqsS, tIcf
t]meokntem a‰v kwÿmßfntem tI{μk¿°mcntem nehnep≈ GsXmcp t]meokv
]Zhnsbbpw hy‡am°mp]tbmKn°p∂ at‰sX¶nepw ]Z{]tbmK߃ ta¬∏d™
]ZhnIfn¬ GsX¶nepw H∂nv Xpeysa∂v IcpXs∏Smhp∂XmsW∂v hnn¿t±in°m
hp∂XmWv.

10. (4) (2) ˛mw D]hIp∏n¬ ASßnbncn°p∂ bmsXm∂pw Xs∂ ]pXnb Hcp ]Zhn
krjvSn°p∂Xntm AXn¬ hnn¿t±in®n´pff Hcp ]Zhn°v ]pXnb Hcp DtZymKt]cv
¬Ip∂Xntm Dff k¿°mcns‚ A[nImcsØ _m[n°p∂X√.
15. t]meokvLSsb k¿°m¿ hnn¿t±in°Wsa∂v - - (1) Cu BIv‰ns‚
hyhÿIƒ°v hnt[bambn, t]meokv tkbn¬ k¿°m¿ s]mXphmbtXm
{]tXyIambtXm Bb DØchneqsS n›bnt®°mhp∂{X DtZymKÿ¿ Hmtcm ]Zhnbnepw
Dƒs∏tS≠Xpw A{]Imcapff DØchp{]Imcapff LSbpw cq]hpw, Hm^okpIfpw
A[nImcnX{Iahpw, B⁄mt{iWnbpw, `cW]camb A[nImcßfpw I¿Øhyßfpw
NpaXeIfpw D≠mbncnt°≠XpamWv.
(2) IqSpX¬ PkwJybpw k¶o¿Æamb {Iakam[m {]ivßfpw nen¬°p∂
sat{Sms]mfn‰≥ {]tZißfn¬ IqSpX¬ sshZKv≤yap≈Xpw GIoIrXhpw nba]camb
A[nImchpw DØchmZnXzhpapff sat{Sm s]mfn‰≥ t]meokv k{ºZmbw
G¿s∏SptØ≠XmWv.
(3) sat{Sms]mfn‰≥ {]tZißfnse {]iv߃ ssIImcyw sNøm≥ ]cym]vXamb
{]tXyI t]meokv LS Hcp hn⁄m]ØneqsS Kh¨sa‚ v ]pds∏Sphnt°≠XmWv.
(4) Hcp sat{Sm s]mfn‰≥ {]tZisØ t]meokv `cWØnmbn sU]yq´n t]meokv
C≥kvs]IvS¿ Pden¬ IpdbmØ ]Zhnbnep≈ Hcp t]meokv Hm^oksd IΩojWdmbn
nbant°≠XmWv.
(5) IΩojW¿°pw IΩojW¿°v Iognep≈ a‰p DtZymKÿ¿°pw k¿°m¿
n›bn°p∂ {]Imcap≈ A[nImcßfpw NpaXeIfpw D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv:
F∂m¬, IΩojWdpw a‰p DtZymKÿcpw kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS
nb{¥WØn≥ Iogn¬ {]h¿Ønt°≠XmWv.
(6) sat{Sms]mfn‰≥ t]meokv k{ºZmbw G¿s∏SpØnbn´pff {]tZißfn¬
t]meokv IΩojW¿°v Cu BIvt‰m, 1973se {Inan¬ S]Sn nba kwlnXtbm (1974
se c≠mw tI{μ BIv‰v), GsX¶nepw kwÿm nbaßtfm {]Imcw Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰np≈
F√mtam GsX¶neptam A[nImc߃ k¿°m¿ n›bn°p∂ hyhÿIƒ°pw
D]m[nIƒ°pw hnt[bambn hnntbmKn°mhp∂XmWv.
16. t]meokv Pn√.˛ kwÿm k¿°mcn,v hn⁄m]w hgn, GsXmcp {]tZitØbpw
Cu BIv‰ns‚ Bhiy߃°mbn hn⁄m]Øn¬ hnn¿t±in°mhp∂ XobXn apX¬
Hcp t]meokv Pn√bmbn {]Jym]n°mhp∂XmWv.
F∂m¬, Hcp t]meokv Pn√bn¬ H∂n¬ IqSpX¬ dhyq Pn√IfpsS `mK߃
Dƒs∏SpØmhp∂X√.

11. 17. Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn.˛ (1) Hcp t]meokv Pn√bnse t]meokv tkbpw t]meokv
tÃjpIfpw AXntmSp_‘n® a‰v Hm^okpIfpw k¿°m¿ DØchpIƒ°pw kwÿm
t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS ta¬tm´Ønpw nba]camb DØchnpw hnt[bambn k¿°m¿
n›bn°p∂ ]Zhnbnep≈ Hcp Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS ta¬tm´Ønepw
nb{¥WØnepw {]h¿Ønt°≠Xpw k¿°m¿ n›bn°p∂ ]ZhnIfnep≈ t]meokv
DtZymKÿ¿ At±lsØ A°mcyØn¬ klmbnt°≠XpamWv.
(2) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn, kq{]≠v Hm^v t]meokns‚ ]Zhnbn¬ Xmsgbp≈
Hcp DtZymKÿ≥ Bbncn°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√.
18. kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn ˛ (1) kwÿmØv H´msIbp≈ t]meokns‚
`cWn¿ΔlWhpw, ta¬tm´hpw, n¿t±ihpw, nb{¥Whpw k¿°mcns‚ nb{¥WØnv
hnt[bambn, kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn F∂ DtZymKt∏cp≈ Hcp t]meokv
DtZymKÿn¬ n£n]vXambncn°p∂XmWv.
(2) UbdIvS¿ Pd¬ Hm^v t]meokns‚ ]Zhnbnte°v ÿm°b‰w e`n®n´p≈
C¥y≥ t]meokv k¿Δoknse kwÿm tIUdnse DtZymKÿ¿°nSbn¬ n∂pw,
kwÿm t]meokv tksb bn°p∂Xnp≈ {]m]vXnbpw samØamb tkh Ncn{Xhpw
sXmgn¬ kw_‘amb Adnhv, ]cnNbw F∂nhbpw IW°nseSpØv k¿°m¿ Hcp
kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhnsb nbant°≠XmWv:
F∂m¬, kwÿmØnpth≠n GsX¶nepw tImSXnbntem, ss{S_yqWentem
hIp∏pXe GP≥knbntem ^b¬ sNbvXn´p≈ Hcp tI ntem in£W S]Sn {IaØntem
Hcp DtZymKÿsXncmbn GsX¶nepw Ip‰]{Xw ¬Is∏SpItbm nen¬°pItbm
BsW¶n¬ B DtZymKÿs kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhnbmbn nban°phm≥
]mSp≈X√.
(3) Cu BIv‰v {]Imcap≈ A[nImcw hnntbmKn®v tIcf kwÿmØv
t]meokns‚ GsX¶nepw NpaXeIƒ n¿Δln°p∂ F√m BfpIfpw, kwÿm t]meokv
ta[mhnbpsS IogptZymKÿcmbncn°p∂XmWv.
(4) k¿°m¿ ImemImeßfn¬ Xocpamn°p∂ FÆØnepw hnhn[
]ZhnIfnepap≈ DtZymKÿ¿ kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhnsb klmbnt°≠XmWv.
(5) kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhnsb°mƒ konbdmb DtZymKÿsc tIcf
t]meokn¬ nban°m≥ ]mSp≈X√.
19. Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v GtIm]n∏nt°≠XmsW∂v.˛ (1) Pn√bpsS s]mXphmb `cW
n¿ΔlWw Imcy£aambn S∏nemt°≠p∂ BhiyØnte°mbn Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰nv
Cn ]dbp∂ Imcyßfn¬ t]meokns‚ {]h¿Ø߃ Pn√bpsS `cW n¿ΔlWhpambn
_‘s∏´ncn°p∂ a‰p GP≥knIfpsS {]h¿Øßfpambn GtIm]n∏n°p∂Xnv
A[nImcap≠mbncn°p∂XmWv. AXmbXv.˛

12. (F) `q]cnjvIcWw t{]m’mln∏n°p∂Xpw `qan kw_‘amb X¿°ßƒ
Xo¿∏m°p∂Xpw kw_‘n® Imcy߃;
(_n) Pn√bnse hym]Iamb s]mXp kam[m `RvPhpw, kam[mw ]p-
xÿm]n°epw kw_‘n® Imcy߃;
(kn) Pn√bnse Hcp s]mXp ÿm]Øns‚ Xncs™Sp∏v SØn∏pambn _‘s∏´
Imcy߃;
(Un) {]IrXn Zpc¥ßƒ ssIImcyw sNøp∂Xpw {]IrXn Zpc¥ßfm¬ ZpcnXw
Ap`hn°p∂hsc ]pc[nhkn∏n°p∂Xpw kw_‘n® Imcy߃;
(C) ]pdsa n∂p≈ GsX¶nepw B{IaWßfm¬ D≠mIp∂ kmlNcyßfpambn
_‘s∏´ Imcy߃; IqSmsX
(F^v) GsX¶nepw Hcp hIp∏ns‚ ]cn[n°p≈n¬ hcmØXpw Pn√bnse BfpIfpsS
s]mXphmb t£asØ _m[n°p∂Xpamb a‰p kamamb Imcy߃;
(2) A{]Imcap≈ GtIm]n∏n°ens‚ BhiyØnte°mbn Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰nv,---;
(F)Bhiyambn hcptºmsgms° t]meokn¬ n∂pw Pn√bpsS s]mXp `cWhpambn
_‘s∏´ncn°p∂ a‰p GP≥knIfn¬ n∂pw s]mXphmbtXm {]tXyIambtXm Bb
kz`mhØnep≈ hnhc߃ Bhiys∏SpIbpw;
(_n) t]meotkm a‰p GP≥knItfm B kmlNcyw ssIImcyw sNøp∂Xnv
kzoIcn® S]SnIsf kw_‘n® dnt∏m¿´v Bhiys∏SpIbpw;
(kn) Bhiysa∂v tXm∂p∂ Imcyßsf kw_‘n®v t]meoknpw _‘s∏´
GP≥knIƒ°pw A{]Imcap≈ n¿t±i߃ ¬IpIbpw;
(Un) t]meokns‚ Imcy£aamb {]h¿ØØnv GsX√mw hIp∏pIfpsS
{]h¿ØamtWm Bhiyambn hcp∂Xv {]kvXpX hIp∏pIƒ F√mw Xs∂ Bhiyamb
F√m klmbßfpw Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v ¬Ip∂ps≠∂v Dd∏m°pIbpw
sNømhp∂XmWv.
20. t]meokv amz¬.˛ (1) cq]t`Zs∏SpØmtm d±m°phmtm D≈ k¿°mcns‚
A[nImcØnv hnt[bambn kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn°v, ImemImeßfn¬, t]meokns‚
I¿ØhyßfpsSbpw NpaXeIfpsSbpw Imcy£aamb n¿ΔlWØnv th≠n s]mXphmbpw
t]meokns‚ ta¬tm´w, t]meokv tkbpsS `cW n¿ΔlWw, tkbnse
AwKßfpsStbm Hmtcm ]Zhnbnep≈hcpsStbm Hmtcm hn`mKØns‚tbm {]tXyI
I¿Øhy߃, B¥cnI ]cntim[m coXnIƒ, kq£n°s∏tS≠ tcJIƒ, Bbp[߃,
D]IcW߃, I¿Øhy n¿ΔlWØnv Bhiyamb hkvXp°ƒ, clky hm¿ØIfpsSbpw
hnhcßfpsSbpw tiJcWw, hnnabw, I¿Øhy n¿ΔlW coXn, A[nImc

13. Zp¿hnntbmKtam IrXyhntem]tam XSbp∂ coXn F∂nh kw_‘n®v {]tXyIn®pw, Cu
BIv‰npw AXnpIogn¬ D≠m°nbn´p≈ N´ßƒ°pw hncp≤a√mØ Ãm‚nwKv
Hm¿UdpIfpw am¿§n¿t±ißfpw ]pds∏Sphn°mhp∂Xpw kamlcn∏n°mhp∂XpamWv.
(2) kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn ]pds∏Sphn°p∂ {]Imcap≈ DØchpIfpsSbpw
am¿§n¿t±ißfpsSbpw Ahbpambn _‘s∏´p ]pds∏Sphn°s∏´ GsX¶nepw k¿°m¿
DØchpIfpsSbpw n¿t±ißfpsSbpw kamlcWw t]meokv amz¬ F∂v
Adnbs∏Sp∂XmWv.
(3) GsX¶nepw kmlNcyØn¬ A{]Imcw BhiyamsW¶n¬ kwÿm t]meokv
ta[mhn°v k¿°mcns‚ AwKoImcØnp hnt[bambn amzense GsX¶nepw hyhÿ
t`ZKXn sNømhp∂XmWv.
21. {]tXyI hnwKpIƒ, bqWn‰pIƒ, {_m©pIƒ, kvIzmUpIƒ ˛ (1) k¿°mcnv
s]mXphmbtXm, {]tXyIambtXm Bb DØchphgn kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhnsbtbm
t]meokns‚ NpaXe n¿Δln°p∂ a‰p≈hsctbm Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnsbtbm
s]mXphmbn t]meoknstbm AhcpsS NpaXeIfnepw I¿Øhyßfnepw
klmbn°p∂Xnv k¿°m¿ DØchphgn n›bn°mhp∂ AwKkwJy,
B¥cnILSI߃, A[nImc߃, I¿Øhy߃, A[nImcnX, B¥cnItam _mlytam
Bb ta¬tm´ LS F∂nhtbmSpIqSnb GsX¶nepw hnwKv, kvs]jy¬ bqWn‰v,
kvs]jyssekvUv {_m©v As√¶n¬ kvs]jy¬ kvIzmUv, apXembh cq]oIcn°mhp∂Xpw
nendpØmhp∂XpamWv.
(2) a‰p kwKXnIƒs°m∏w, k¿°mcnv Bhiyamtb°mhp∂ Cn ]dbp∂
kwKXnIƒ°mbn bqWn‰pIƒ cq]oIcn°pItbm Ahbv°mbn {]tXyI {IaoIcW߃
SØpItbm sNømhp∂XmWv,˛
(F) tZiob kpc£sb {]Xy£amtbm, ]tcm£amtbm _m[n°p∂ clkyhm¿Ø
tiJcn°pI, cmjv{S kpc£, {Iakam[m]mew, s]mXpkpc£m]mew, Ip‰IrXy߃
XSb¬, a¿Ω {][mamb ÿm]ßfpsSbpw Xo{hhmZnIfn¬ nt∂m `oIchmZnIfn¬
nt∂m ISpØ `ojWn tcnSp∂ hy‡nIfpsSbpw kpc£;
(_n) k¶o¿Ætam, oNtam, {]amZtam, {]tXyI {]m[myap≈tXm Bb
Ip‰IrXyßfpsS AtzjWw;
(kn) {Sm^nIv nb{¥Ww;
(Un) XoctZiw, ]pg, Imb¬ {]tZiw o¿ØS߃ F∂nhbpambn _‘s∏´
t]meokv tkhhpw hntmZk©mcnIfpsSbpw Xo¿∞mSIcpsSbpw kwc£WØn
mbp≈ t]meokv tkhhpw;
(C) sdbn¬thbnse t]meokv tkhw;

14. (F^v) Ip‰IrXyßsfbpw Ip‰hmfnIsfbpw kw_‘n®v hnhchpw
clkyhm¿Øbpw tiJcn°p∂Xpw ]cntim[n°p∂Xpw ]´nI Xømdm°epw AhbpsS
hniIehpw _yqtdm Hm^v an nwKv t]gvk¨kns‚ {]h¿Øhpw;
(Pn) t]meokv tÃjpIfn¬ {]XnIfmtbm, Ip‰IrXyØnv Ccbmbhtcm Bbn
FØp∂ Ip´nIfpsS {]tXyI kpc£bv°mbn Pphss¬ t]meokv bqWn‰v ;
(F®v) Iºyq´dpIfpw a‰p UnPn‰¬ tkhßfpw sXcs™Sp°p∂Xnpw,
D]tbmKn°p∂Xnpw, {]tbmPs∏SpØp∂Xnpw t]meokv Hm^okpIsfbpw
DtZymKÿscbpw klmbn°pIbpw AXnmbn Bhiyap≈ tkm^v‰vshb¿
hnIkn∏ns®Sp°pIbpw sNøpI;
(sF) t]meokv Bhiy߃°mbn sSenIΩyqWnt°js‚bpw UnPn‰¬
hm¿Ømhnnab irwJeIfpsSbpw ]cn]mew;
(sP) hnceSbmfw, t^mt´m{Km^n, GsX¶nepw UnPn‰¬ AYhm _tbmsa{SnIv
sSIvnIv F∂o am¿§ßfneqsS hy‡nIfpsSbpw hkvXp°fpsSbpw Xncn®dnb¬;
(sI) Pn√m t]meokntem Xt±i t]meokv tÃjpIfntem t]meokns‚ GsX¶nepw
NpaXe icnbmb coXnbn¬ n¿Δln°p∂Xnv Ft∏mgpw FhnsSbpw kwJym_ew
IpdhmIptºmƒ hnykn°p∂Xnmbn √ hn[Øn¬ ]cnioew kn≤n®Xpw icnbmb
B⁄mt{iWntbmSpIqSnbXpamb dnk¿Δv tkbpsS ]cn]mew;
(F¬) ]pXnbXmbn nban°s∏Sp∂h¿°pw k¿Δoknep≈h¿°pw t]meokv
tkhhpambn _‘s∏´ Imcyßfn¬, k¿°m¿ n›bnt®°mhp∂ at‰sX¶nepw
hy‡nIƒ°pw kwLØnpw D≈ ]cnioew;
(Fw) Ip‰IrXyw, Zpc¥w, A]ISw apXembhbpambn _‘s∏´v
{]XnIcn°Ø°hn[Øn¬ k÷am°nbn´p≈ I¨t{Smƒ dqapIƒ t]msebp≈
kvs]jyssekvUv dkvt]m¨kv bqWn‰pIƒ;
(F≥) Xt±iobtam {]tXyIambtXm Bb GsX¶nepw nbaw S∏nem°¬
As√¶n¬ GsX¶nepw {]tZiØv {]tXyIambn nbaw S∏nem°¬;
(H) UnPn‰¬ B‚ v ssk_¿ t]meoknwKv;
(]n) t]meokns‚ I¿Øhyßfnepw NpaXeIfnepw ^e{]Zambn
klmbn°p∂Xnv t^md≥knIv klmbItkh߃;
(Iyq) `cW]cw, [Imcyw, tUmIypsat‚j≥ F∂o Imcyßfnep≈ S]SnIfneqsS
t]meokv {]h¿Ø߃°pth≠nbp≈ `cW]camb klmbI tkh߃;

15. (B¿) hnhn[XcØnep≈ Hm^okpIfpsSbpw t]meokv ÿm]ßfpsSbpw
{]h¿ØØn¬ klmbn°p∂Xnpw AhiytPmenIfmb hrØnbm°¬, shSn∏m°¬,
]mNIw, D]IcWßfpsSbpw {]tZißfpsSbpw ]cn]mew apXembhbv°pw Bhiyamb
s]mXphmb klmbI tkh߃;
(Fkv) hnhn[ t]meokv tkhßfpambn _‘s∏´ kmaqlnIhpw
sXmgn¬]chpamb Imcy߃°pw B[pnI t]meokv tkhØns‚ hnImkØnpw
nhmcW AtzjWmflI kt¶X߃°pw th≠nbp≈ ]Tßfpw KthjW hnIk
klmbhpw.
(3) k¿°m¿ Cu bqWn‰pIsf k÷am°pIbpw AØcw bqWn‰pIsf kt¶XnIhpw
sXmgn¬]chpamb £aXbpsS D∂X nehmcØn¬ {]h¿Øn°phm≥ {]m]vXam°p∂Xnv
DtZymKÿ¿°v Bhiyamb ]cnioe {IaoIcW߃ G¿s∏SpØpIbpw sNtø≠XmWv.
(4) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏n≥ Iogn¬ cq]oIcn°s∏´ AØcw bqWn‰pIfn¬ k¿°m¿
hnn¿t±in°mhp∂ {]Imcap≈ DtZymK]Zhnbnep≈ t]meokv DtZymKÿtcm
t]meoknXc DtZymKÿtcm c≠pwIqSntbm Dƒs∏tS≠Xpw k¿°mcnv AhcpsS tkh
hyhÿIƒ, Ah¿°p ¬tI≠Xmb {]tXyI Aeh≥kpIƒ, Bhiyamb {]tXyI
tbmKyXIƒ, sshZKv≤yw Ah¿°v hy‡nKXamtbm Iq´mtbm e`yamt°≠ {]tXyI
kuIcy߃ F∂nh n›bn°mhp∂XmWv.
22. Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿv kzbw IogptZymKÿs‚ I¿Øhy߃
n¿Δln°mhp∂XmsW∂v ˛ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿv, Xs‚ IogptZymKÿv
nba{]Imctam nba{]Imcap≈ DØchv hgntbm G¬∏n®psImSp°s∏´ GsXmcp
NpaXebpw kzbw n¿Δln°mhp∂Xpw A{]Imcap≈ IogptZymKÿv GsX¶nepw
I¿Øhy߃ G¬∏n°s∏´n´p≈ kwKXnbn¬ taeptZymKÿmb Hcp t]meokv
B^ok¿°v, Bhiysa∂p t_m≤yamIp∂]£w, nba]meØnv IqSpX¬ ]q¿Ætam
kuIcy{]Ztam Bb {]`mhw ¬Ip∂Xntm nbaewLw Hgnhm°p∂Xntm
Bhiysat∂m bp‡sat∂m DØat_m≤yaps≠¶n¬, AbmfpsS kz¥w S]Sn
aptJtbm As√¶n¬ AbmfpsS B⁄bpsStbm A[nImcØns‚tbm Iogn¬
nba]cambn {]h¿Øn°p∂ GsX¶nepw Bfns‚ S]Sn aptJtbm Xs‚
IogptZymKÿs‚ S]Snsb klmbn°pItbm ]cnt]mjn∏n°pItbm AXnewLn°pItbm
XSbpItbm sNømhp∂XmWv.
23. {Iakam[mØn¬ n∂pw AtzjWw th¿Xncn°¬ ˛ (1) k¿°mcnv, Hcp
{]tZisØ PkwJytbm nehnep≈ kmlNcytam IW°nseSpØv hnn¿t±in°mhp∂
AØcw {]tZiØv thKØnep≈Xpw ^e{]Zhpw s{]m^jWepamb AtzjWw
Dd∏phcpØp∂Xnmbn DØchphgn {Iakam[m ]cn]me NpaXebp≈ t]meokn¬
n∂pw AtzjW NpaXebp≈ t]meokns th¿Xncn°mhp∂XmWv.

16. (2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcw t]meokv tkbpsS th¿Xncn°s∏´ c≠v
hn`mKßfpsSbpw kºq¿Æamb GtIm]w Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn Dd∏phcptØ≠XmWv.
24. kwÿm kpc£m IΩoj≥.˛ (1) k¿°m¿. Kk‰v hn⁄m]whgn Cu BIv‰v
{]Imcw njvI¿jn°s∏´n´p≈ NpaXeIfpw I¿Øhyßfpw n¿Δln°p∂Xnpambn Hcp
kwÿm kpc£m IΩoj≥ cq]oIcnt°≠XmWv.
(2) IΩojn¬ Cn ]dbp∂ AwK߃ D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv, AXmbXv:˛
(i) B`y¥c hIp∏ns‚ NpaXebp≈ a{¥n, IΩojs‚ sNb¿ammbncn°p∂XmWv;
(ii) nbahIp∏ns‚ NpaXebp≈ a{¥n;
(iii) {]Xn]£ tXmhv;
(iv) tIcfm sslt°SXn No^v PÃnkv man¿t±iw sNøp∂ Hcp dn´tb¿Uv
sslt°mSXn PUvPn;
(v) No^v sk{I´dn, FIvkv˛H^ntjym;
(vi) B`y¥c hIp∏v sk{I´dn, FIvkv˛H^ntjym;
(vii) kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn, FIvkv˛H^ntjym;
(viii) {Iakam[m ]mew, `cW n¿ΔlWw, apjymhImi߃, nbaw,
kmaqlytkhw, s]mXp`cW SØn∏v F∂nhbn¬ hn]peamb hn⁄mhpw
]cnNbhpapff s]mXp PohnXØnse {]apJcmb hy‡nIfn¬ n∂pw Kh¿Æ¿ ma
n¿t±iw sNøp∂ aq∂v AutZymKnI AwK߃ Ahcn¬ Hcmƒ hnXbmbncnt°≠
XmWv;
(3) kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn IΩojs‚ sk{I´dnbmbncn°p∂XmWv.
(4) man¿t±iw sNøs∏´ Hmtcm AwKhpw cmPnbmtem, acWØmtem a‰v hn[Øntem
tctØ Xs∂ AhcpsS ÿmw HgnhmImØ]£w A©v h¿j°metØ°v ÿmw
hlnt°≠Xpw ]p¿man¿t±iØnv tbmKycmbncn°p∂XpamWv.
(5) man¿t±iw sNøs∏´ Hcp AwKw aXnbmb ImcWan√msX XpS¿®bmbn
IΩojs‚ ap∂n¬ IqSpX¬ tbmKßfn¬ lmPcmImØ]£w IΩojs‚ sNb¿amv
AØcw AwKsØ IΩojs‚ AwKXzØn¬ n∂v o°w sNømhp∂XmWv:
F∂m¬, AØcw o°w sNøensXnsc ImcWw ImWn°m≥ ymbamb Hcp
Ahkcw ¬Inbtija√msX bmsXmcwKsØbpw Cu D]hIp∏ns‚ hyhÿIƒ {]Imcw
o°w sNøm≥ ]mSpffX√.

17. (6) man¿t±iw sNøs∏´ GsXmcp AwKØnpw cmPnhbv°mpff Xs‚ Dt±iyw
sNb¿amv tcJmaqew tm´okv ¬Ins°m≠v A{]Imcw sNømhp∂Xpw A{]Imcapff
cmPn kzoIcn°s∏´m¬ AwKw ÿmsamgn™Xmbn IcpXs∏tS≠XpamWv.
(7) kpc£m IΩojnep≠mIp∂ HgnhpIƒ aq∂v amkØnIw nItØ≠XmWv.
(8) IΩoj≥ AXnt‚Xmb {]h¿ØnIfpsS S]Sn{Iaßfpw Imcyn¿ΔlWhpw
{IaoIcnt°≠XmWv.
(9) man¿t±iw sNøs∏´ kwÿm kpc£m IΩoj≥ AwK߃°v
¬tI≠Xmb ^okpw _ØIfpw AhcpsS tkh hyhÿIfpw n¿Æbn°s∏Smhp∂
{]Imcambncn°pw.
25. IΩojs‚ NpaXeIƒ.˛ (1) IΩojv Cn∏dbp∂ NpaXeIƒ
D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv, AXmbXv:-˛
(F) kwÿmØv t]meokv tk {]h¿Øn°p∂Xnpff s]mXphmb b]camb
am¿§n¿t±i߃°v cq]w ¬IpI;
(_n) t]meokns‚ Ip‰IrXy nhmcW ZuXyØns‚bpw tkhm[njvTnX
{]h¿ØßfpsSbpw SØn∏nmbn n¿t±i߃ ¬IpI;
(kn) s]mXphn¬ kwÿmsØ t]meokns‚ {]h¿Øw ImemImeßfn¬
hnebncpØpI.
(Un) IΩojs‚ {]h¿ØßfpsS hm¿jnI dnt∏m¿´v Xømdm°pIbpw k¿°mcnv
ka¿∏n°pIbpw sNøpI;
(C) kwÿm t]meokn¬ ImemImeßfn¬ D≠mtI≠ am‰ßƒ°v am¿§n¿t±iw
Xømdm°n ¬IpI;
(F^v) k¿°m¿ G¬∏n®psImSp°p∂ a‰v NpaXeIƒ n¿Δln°pI.
(2) (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏v (Un) JWvUØn≥Iogn¬ IΩoj≥ ka¿∏n°p∂ dnt∏m¿´v
sXm´SpØv hcp∂ ktΩfØn¬ nbak` apºmsI hbvt°≠XmWv.
(3) IΩojs‚ bmsXmcp {]hrØntbbpw S]SnItfbpw, Aßsbpff {]hrØntbm
S]SnItfm sNbvXtXm ]pds∏Sphn®tXm Bb kabØv IΩojn¬ GsX¶nepw
Hgnhp≠mbncp∂p F∂ ImcWØm¬ am{Xw Akm[phmbn IcpXs∏Sphm≥ ]mSpffX√.

18. (4) IΩoj≥ ]pds∏Sphn® GsX¶nepw am¿§n¿t±ißtfm n¿t±ißtfm
nehneps≠¶nepw Hcp ASnb¥ncL´w tcnSp∂Xnmbn kμ¿`w A{]Imcw
Bhiys∏Sp∂ ]£w, k¿°mcnv GsX¶nepw ImcysØ kw_‘n®v k¿°m¿
Bhiysa∂v IcpXp∂ n¿t±i߃ nbampkcWw ]pds∏Sphn°mhp∂XmWv.
(5) IΩojs‚ n¿t±i߃ t]meokv hIp∏nv _m[Iambncn°p∂XmWv:
F∂m¬, k¿°mcnv ImcW߃ FgpXn tcJs∏SpØnbXnptijw IΩojs‚
GsXmcp ip]m¿isbtbm n¿t±isØtbm ]q¿Æamtbm `mKnIamtbm nckn°pItbm
cq]t`Zs∏SpØpItbm sNømhp∂XmWv.
26. t]meokns‚ {]h¿Øw hnebncpج.˛ (1) kwÿm kpc£m IΩoj≥, ap≥
kmºØnI h¿jØnse t]meokns‚ {]h¿Øw hnebncpØp∂Xnpw ASpØ
kmºØnI h¿jØnte°pff {]h¿Ø nehmcw n¿t±in°p∂Xnpambn t]meokv
{]h¿Øßfntem s]mXp`cWØntem tkmtjymfPn As√¶n¬ {InantmfPn
]Tßfntem kp]cnNnXcmb aq∂p hnZKv[¿ ASßp∂ Hcp ]mens Hmtcm h¿jhpw
nbant°≠XmWv.
(2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcw nban°s∏Sp∂ ]mense AwK߃ XpS¿®bmbn
c≠v XhWbn¬ IqSpX¬ AwKßfmbn XpScphm≥ ]mSpffX√.
(3) Ip‰IrXyßfpsS cPnÿ sNø¬, t_m[]q¿Δw ]cnanXs∏SpØnb Ip‰IrXy
ÿnXnhnhc°W°pIƒ t]meokv Xømdm°p∂Xv ncp’mls∏SpØn, Ip‰IrXy߃
Ipd™phcp∂p F∂v kqNn∏n°p∂Xnmbn AØcw IW°pIƒ sXfnhmsbSp°p∂Xv
Hgnhm°m≥ {i≤n®psIm≠pw t]meokv hIp∏nse apjytijnhnntbmKhpw
hn`hhnntbmKhpw t]meokv ¬Ip∂ hnhn[ tkhßfpw t]meokns‚ G√m
taJeIfnepapff {]h¿Øßfpw kw_‘n®v KpWta∑nehmc߃ BhjvIcn°m≥
{i≤n®psIm≠pw t]meokns‚ {]h¿Ø߃ hnebncpØp∂Xnmbn kwÿm kpc£m
IΩojv amZWvU߃ n›bn°mhp∂XmWv.
(4) kwÿm kpc£m IΩoj≥ Hmtcm h¿jhpw ASpØ kmºØnI h¿jØn¬
hnhn[ bqWn‰pIfpw imJIfpw ssIhcnt°≠Xmb I¿Øhy n¿ΔlWnehmcw
n›bnt°≠Xpw BbXv S∏pkmºØnI h¿jw am¿®v amkw H∂mw XobXn°papºmbn
_‘s∏´hsc Adnbnt°≠XpamWv.

19. A≤ymbw v
t]meokptZymKÿs‚ I¿Øhyßfpw DØchmZnXzßfpw
27. Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ I¿Øhyw ˛ X∂n¬ `cta¬∏n°s∏´ IrXyn¿ΔlW
taJebn¬, Cu BIv‰v {]Imcw njvI¿jn°s∏´ t]meokv NpaXeIƒ Imcy£aambpw
^e{]Zambpw n¿Δln°p∂Xnpth≠n ymbbp‡hpw nbampkrXhpamb F√m
{]hrØnIfpw Gs‰Spt°≠Xv Hmtcm t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚bpw
I¿Øhyambncn°p∂XmWv.
28. t]meokptZymKÿs‚ {]XnIcWw ˛ Uyq´nbnembncn°p∂ Hmtcm t]meokv
DtZymKÿpw amknIhpw imcocnIhpambn PmKcqIambncnt°≠Xpw t]meokns‚
NpaXeIfpsS n¿ΔlWw nbampkrXw Bhiyap≈ GsX¶nepw kmlNcyw AbmfpsS
{i≤bn¬s∏´m¬ I¿Øhy n¿ΔlWØnmbn {]mtbmKnIambn Ignbp∂nStØmfw
thKØn¬ {]XnIcnt°≠XpamWv.
29. t]meokptZymKÿcpsS s]cpam‰w ˛ (1) Uyq´nbnep≈ F√m t]meokv
DtZymKÿcpw s]mXpPßtfmSp≈ CSs]SepIfn¬ acymZbpw HuNnXyhpw
AhktcmNnXamb klmp`qXnbpw {]ISn∏nt°≠Xpw k`yhpw amyhpamb `mj
D]tbmKnt°≠XpamWv.
(2) nba]camb GsX¶nepw Dt±iyw ndth‰p∂Xnv th≠nb√msX
t]meokptZymKÿ¿ B¿s°¶nepw FXncmbn _e{]tbmKw SØphmtm _e{]tbmKw
SØpsat∂m As√¶n¬ {]XnIqeamb GsX¶nepw t]meokv S]Sntbm nbaS]Sntbm
kzoIcn°pw Ft∂m Btcbpw `ojWns∏SpØphmtm ]mSp≈X√.
(3) t]meokptZymKÿ¿ Ip‰IrXyØnncbmbhtcmSv {]tXyIamb klmp`qXn
s]cpam‰Øn¬ {]ISn∏nt°≠Xpw kv{XoIƒ, Ip´nIƒ, apXn¿∂ ]uc∑m¿, IgnhpIfn¬
hyXykvXcmbh¿ F∂nhcpsS {]tXyImhiy߃°v ]cnKW
¬Ip∂hcpambncnt°≠XmWv.
(4) t]meokptZymKÿ¿ Amhiyamb B{IatWm’pIXm {]ISw
h¿÷nt°≠Xpw {]tIm]ap≠mbm¬ Xs∂bpw Bflnb{¥Wan√mØ s]cpam‰w
Hgnhmt°≠XpamWv.
(5) t]meokptZymKÿcpsS ]cnNcWØntem IÃUnbntem D≈ BtcmSpw
tamiambn s]cpamdphmtm k`ya√mØ `mj D]tbmKn°phmtm ]mSpffX√.
(6) t]meokptZymKÿ¿ s]mXp ÿeØv {]Xy£s∏Sptºmƒ imcocnIambn
kpk÷cmbncnt°≠Xpw, GsX¶nepw NpaXe ipjvIm¥ntbmSpIqSn B kabw
n¿Δln®Xpaqea√msX, aenambtXm hyØntbm shSnt∏m C√mØtXm Bb
Ahÿbne√ F∂v kzbw {i≤n®v Dd∏mt°≠XpamWv.

20. 30. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ √ BtcmKyÿnXn ImØp kq£nt°≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1)
F√m t]meokv DtZymKÿcpw imcocnIhpw amknIhpamb √ BtcmKyne
ImØpkq£nt°≠XmWv.
(2) kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn°v, Cu hnjbw kw_‘n®v k¿°m¿
]pds∏Sphnt®°mhp∂ GsX¶nepw n¿t±iØnv hnt[bambn, {]mbw, enwKt`Zw,
tPmenbpsS kz`mhw, s]mXp kaqlØn¬ s]mXpsh nehnep≈ Ahÿ F∂nhbv°v
aXnbmb ]cnKW ¬Ins°m≠v, Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ ImØpkq£nt°≠
imcocnIhpw amknIhpamb ImcytijnbpsS nehmcw hnn¿tZin°mhp∂XmWv.
(3) GsX¶nepw ]cnt°m NpaXemn¿ΔlWtam NpaXemn¿ΔlWØnnSbn¬
tcn´ kmlNcyw aqetam Zo¿LmfsØ AkpJw sImt≠m (2) ˛mw D]hIp∏p{]Imcw
hnn¿t±in°s∏´ nehmcw ImØpkq£n°p∂Xnv km[n°p∂n√ F¶n¬ bmsXmcp
t]meokv DtZymKÿtmSpw, imcocnI nehmcw ]pe¿Øp∂Xn¬ hogvNhcpØn F∂
ImcWØm¬ hnthNw ImWn°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√:
F∂m¬, k¿°m¿ n¿Æbn°p∂ amZWvU߃°pw S]Sn{Ia߃°pw
hnt[bambn t]meokv tPmen sNøphm≥ imcocnIhpw amknIhpw Bb Imcytijn
C√mØ Hcmsf n¿_‘nX s]≥jtm {]tXyI BpIqeyßtfm ¬In k¿Δokn¬
n∂v hnSpX¬ sNømhp∂XmWv.
(4) k¿°m¿, tIcfmt]meoknse AwK߃°nSbn¬ amknIhpw imcocnIhpamb
BtcmKyw h¿≤n∏n°p∂Xnv t{]m’mlhpw ASnÿm kuIcyßfpw ¬Ip∂ {]tXyI
kwhn[m߃ hn`htijnbv°v hnt[bambn G¿s∏SptØ≠XmWv.
31. t]meokv hnhc߃ clkyambn kq£nt°≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1) GsX¶nepw
hy‡nbpsStbm ÿm]Øns‚tbm {]h¿Ø߃ kw_‘n®v t]meokv AhcpsS
I¿Øhy n¿ΔlWØnnSbn¬ tiJcn°p∂ F√m hnhcßfpw, GsX¶nepw HutZymKnI
Bhiy߃°v D]tbmKs∏SpØp∂Xn√msX, clkyambn kq£nt°≠XmWv.
(2) Ip‰IrXy߃ I≠p]nSn°p∂Xntm XSbp∂Xntm th≠n hnhc߃
{]kn≤s∏SpØp∂Xv HutZymKnI Bhiyßfn¬ Dƒs∏Sp∂XmWv.
(3) ]{Xßfntem GsX¶nepw Zriyam[yaßfntem {]kn≤oIcn°p∂Xnv th≠n
kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS ApaXnbn√msX IÃUnbnep≈ hy‡nIsf
{]Z¿in∏n°phmtm AhcpsS t^mt´m FSp°p∂Xv AphZn°phmtm ]{XktΩfw
SØphmtm ]mSp≈X√.

21. 32. t]meokptZymKÿs‚ hniZoIcW _m≤yX ˛ (1) GsXmcp Bfntm As√¶n¬
AbmfpsS Xmev]cyw kwc£n°p∂ GsX¶nepw {]Xnn[nt°m, Xs‚ icocsØtbm,
kzØnstbm, Io¿Ønsbtbm {]XnIqeambn _m[n® GsXmcp t]meokv S]SnbpsSbpw
ImcWw Atzjn°p∂Xnpw Adnbp∂Xnpw AhImiap≠mbncn°p∂XmWv.
(2) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥, GsX¶nepw Hcmfns‚ icocsØtbm kzØnttbm
Io¿Øntbtbm A]mbs∏SpØphmtm Ahsb {]XnIqeambn _m[n°phmtm
km≤yXbp≈ GsXmcp {]hrØn sNøptºmgpw AØcw {]hrØnsb nb{¥n°p∂
GsX¶nepw nba{]Imctam As√¶n¬ kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS DØchv
{]Imctam Hmtcm {]tXyI kmlNcyØnepw ymbambn {]mtbmKnIamb coXnbn¬ Xs‚
S]SnIƒ kw_‘n®v tcJIƒ Xømdm°n kq£nt°≠XmWv;
F∂m¬, S∂psIm≠ncn°p∂ AtzjWØntm, hnNmcWbvt°m cmjv{SØns‚
kpc£mXmev]cyØntm, lmnIcamIpsa∂ ImcWØm¬, GsX¶nepw Bfnv hnhcw
¬ImXncn°p∂Xnv Cu hIp∏n¬ ASßnbncn°p∂ bmsXm∂pw Xs∂
XS ambncn°bn√.
33. t]meoknpw s]mXpP߃°pw HmUntbm, hoUntbm, As√¶n¬ CeIvt{SmWnIv
dn°m¿UpIƒ kq£n®p hbv°mhp∂XmsW∂v ˛ (1) t]meoknv AhcpsS NpaXeIƒ
n¿Δln°p∂XnnSbn¬ sNbvX GsXmcp {]hrØnbpsSbpw HmUntbm, hoUntbm
As√¶n¬ CeIvt{SmWnIv dn°m¿UpIƒ Xømdm°n kq£n°mhp∂Xpw Aßsbp≈
dn°m¿UpIƒ t]meokv S]SnbpsS kXymhÿ tNmZyw sNøs∏Sp∂ GsXmcp
S]Sn{Iaßfnepw D]tbmKs∏SpØmhp∂XpamWv.
(2) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿpw, GsX¶nepw s]mXpÿetØm kzImcy ÿetØm
S°p∂ GsX¶nepw t]meokv {]h¿ØØns‚tbm S]SnbpsStbm HmUntbm, hoUntbm
As√¶n¬ CeIvt{SmWnIv dn°m¿UpIƒ s]mXpPßfn¬ Bsc¶nepw nbahnt[bambn
FSp°p∂Xns XSbphm≥ ]mSp≈X√.
34. t]meoknv ]cmXn Fßs ¬IWsa∂v.˛ 1973 se {Inan¬ S]Sn
nbakwlnXbnse (1974 se 2˛mw tI{μ BIv‰v ) hyhÿIƒ°v hnt[bambn t]meoknp≈
Hcp ]cmXn hmMvaqetam tcJaqeamtbm BwKyØneqsStbm ASbmfØneqsStbm
As√¶n¬ UnPn‰tem CeIvt{SmWnt°m Bb D]m[nIfneqsStbm ¬Imhp∂Xpw
]cmXnbnt∑¬ _‘s∏´ t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ DNnXamb nbaS]Sn FSp°phm≥
_m≤yÿmbncn°p∂XpamWv.

22. 35. km£nItfmSv t]meokv amyambn s]cpamtd≠XmsW∂v.˛ (1) nbampkrXambn
Xm≥ HutZymKnIambn Bcmtb≠p∂ GsX¶nepw ImcysØ kw_‘n®v hkvXpXIfpw
kmlNcyßfpw GsX¶nepw Bfnv Adnhps≠¶n¬ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿv AØcw
Bfns Amhiyambn _p≤nap´n°p∂n√ F∂v Dd∏m°nsIm≠v B BfntmSv A°mcyw
Bcm™v Adnbp∂Xnp≈ S]Sn FSp°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) km[mcWbmbn, AØcw F√m BfpIsfbpw, AhcpsS XmakÿetØm tPmen
ÿetØm Ah¿ AhnsS D≈t∏mƒ kao]nt°≠Xpw Cu BhiyØnmbn Ip´nIsftbm,
kv{XoIsftbm, apXn¿∂ ]uc∑msctbm t]meokv tÃjnte°v hnfn®phcpØphm≥
]mSn√mØXpamWv.
(3) GsX¶nepw hkvXpXtbm kmlNcytam Bcm™dnbp∂Xnmbn t]meokns
klmbnt°≠n h∂p F∂ ImcWØm¬ GsX¶nepw Bƒ°v GsX¶nepw Znhkw Xs‚
thXw jvSamIp∂{X KuchXcamb AkuIcyw D≠mIpIbmsW¶n¬ Abmƒ°v
{Inan¬ PÃnkv an tenbkv FIvkvs]≥kkv ^≠n¬ n∂v s]mXphmbn
n¿Æbnt®°mhp∂ amZWvU߃°p hnt[bambn kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn
n›bn°p∂ XpI ¬tI≠XmWv.
36. Bhiys∏´m¬ Xncn®dnbp∂Xnp≈ hy‡nhnhc߃ ¬tI≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1)
Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ aXnbmb ImcWßfm¬ Bhiys∏´m¬ GsXmcmfpw Xs∂
Xncn®dnbp∂Xnp≈ hy‡nhnhc߃ ¬tI≠XmWv.
(2) Hcp hy‡nbpsS Xncn®dnb¬ Dd∏m°p∂Xnmhiyamb DNnXhpw ymbhpamb
S]SnIƒ B t]meokv DtZymKÿv kzoIcn°mhp∂Xpw Cu BhiyØnte°mbn Hmtcm
kμ¿`Ønpw DNnXamb coXnbn¬ Aßsbp≈ hy‡n]camb Xncn®dnb¬ tcJIƒ
{]kvXpX t]meokptZymKÿv krjvSn°pItbm Xømdm°pItbm sNømhp∂XpamWv.
(3) bmsXmcmfntbpw Abmƒ ¬Inb Xncn®dnb¬ hnhc߃
]cntim[nt°≠Xps≠∂ ImcWØm¬ am{Xw Cu hIp∏p {]Imcap≈ A[nImcw
ImcWam°n Hcp coXnbnepw AdÃpsNøphmtm IÃUnbn¬ kq£n°phmtm k©mc
nb{¥WØnv hnt[bm°mtm ]mSp≈X√.
(4) Cu hIp∏p {]Imcw A[nImcw hnntbmKn°p∂ F√m t]meokptZymKÿcpw
kzbw a‰p≈h¿°v ImWØ° hn[Øn¬ Xncn®dnb¬ _mUvPv As√¶n¬ Im¿Uv
[cn®ncnt°≠Xpw Bsc¶nepw Bhiys∏´m¬ Aßsbp≈ HutZymKnI Xncn®dnb¬
tcJ Ahsc ImWnt°≠XpamWv.
37. kzImcy ÿeßfn¬ t]meoknp≈ {]thiw.˛ kpc£ Dd∏m°p∂Xntm
Bk∂amb A]ISw Hgnhm°p∂Xntm th≠n Hmtcm t]meokv DtZymKÿpw BNmcw,
acymZ, kzImcyX, HuNnXyw F∂nhbv°v X°Xmb ]cnKW ¬Ins°m≠v, icnsb∂pw
aXnbmbsX∂pw Aßsbp≈ DtZymKÿp ymboIcW _m≤yÿXbpw
DØchmZnXzhpw D≈ ImcWaps≠¶n¬, GsXmcp kzImcy ÿeØpw
{]thiap≠mbncn°p∂XmWv:

23. F∂m¬, Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥, Cu A[nImcw hnntbmKn°p∂Xnp apºv,
sI´nSØns‚bpw ]cnkcØns‚bpw NpaXebp≈ hy‡nbpsS klIcWhpw kΩXhpw
tSm≥ km≤yamIp∂nStØmfw {iant°≠XmWv.
38. Ip‰IrXyw XSbp∂Xnv t]meokv CSs]tS≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1) Hcp t]meokv
DtZymKÿ≥ AbmfpsS km∂n≤yØntem kao]tØm S∂p sIm≠ncn°p∂tXm
S°m≥ t]mIp∂tXm Bb GsX¶nepw Ip‰IrXyw AbmfpsS Ignhns‚ ]camh[n
nba]cambn CSs]´v XStb≠Xpw Ahkmn∏nt°≠XpamWv.
(2) Cu BhiyØnmbn Abmƒ°v ÿeØp≈ GsX¶nepw Imbi‡nbp≈
{]mb]q¿Ønbmb hy‡nbpsS tkhw nbampkrXw Bhiys∏Smhp∂Xpw
kzoIcn°mhp∂Xpw ymbamb ImcWan√msX bmsXmcmfpw ÿeØv k∂nlnXmb
DtZymKÿ≥ ¬Inb A{]Imcap≈ nbampkrXhpw ymbhpamb n¿t±i߃
Apkcn°mXncn°phm≥ ]mSn√mØXpamIp∂p.
(3) A{]Imcap≈ n¿t±i߃ Apkcn°mXncp∂p F∂ ImcWw sIm≠pam{Xw
Hcp hy‡nsb Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿpw AdÃv sNømtm o°w sNømtm ]mSp≈X√.
am{Xa√ Bhiys∏´ tkhw X’abw ¬Inbn√ F∂ ImcWØm¬ Abmƒs°Xncmbn
Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS ap≥Iq¿ ApaXnbn√msX bmsXmcp nba S]SnIfpw
kzoIcn°mpw ]mSn√mØXmIp∂p.
39. t]meokns‚ nba{]Imcap≈ n¿t±i߃ ]ment°≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1) Cu
BIv‰n≥ Iognep≈ Xs‚ NpaXeIƒ n¿Δln°p∂Xnpth≠n Hcp t]meokv
DtZymKÿ≥ ¬Ip∂ nba{]Imcap≈ n¿t±i߃ F√mhcpw ]ment°≠XmWv.
(2) nbaw Apimkn°p∂ GsX¶nepw n¿t±iw Apkcn°s∏Sp∂p
F∂pd∏phcpØp∂Xnv Cu BIvt‰m AXn≥Iogn¬ D≠m°nb GsX¶nepw N´tam,
dKptejtm, DØcthm {]Imcw Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿn¬ n£n]vXamb GsX¶nepw
nbampkrX NpaXe n¿Δln°p∂XnnSbv°v, Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿv,˛
(F) GsX¶nepw nba{]Imctam As√¶n¬ GsX¶nepw nbaØn≥ Iogn¬
D≠m°nb GsX¶nepw N´tam DØcthm {]Imctam in£m¿lamb Hcp Ip‰IrXyw sNøm≥
Hcpßp∂ Hcmƒ°v AXv XSbp∂Xnmbn ap∂dnbn∏p ¬Imhp∂XmWv;
(_n) GsXmcp BtfmSpw, Abmƒ kz¥w ImcyØntem as‰mcmfpsS ImcyØntem
Xs‚ NpaXebnep≈ GsX¶nepw ImcyØntem {]h¿Ønt°≠ coXn n¿Æbn°p∂
GsXmcp nbahpw ]men°phm≥ Bhiys∏Smhp∂XmWv;

24. (kn) (F)˛bpw (_n)˛bpw Cßfnse hyhÿIƒ°v hnt[bambn, Ip‰w
sNbvXpsIm≠ncn°p∂tXm As√¶n¬ t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ km∂n≤yØn¬ Ip‰IrXyw
sNbvXtXm Bb GsXmcmtfbpw, Aßsbp≈ AdÃv nbampkrXw BhiyamsW∂v
IcpXp∂]£w, AdÃv sNømhp∂XmWv;
(Un) Ip‰IrXyw sNømp]tbmKn®tXm, AXnpth≠n DS≥ D]tbmKn°m≥
t]mIp∂tXm Bb GsXmcp hkvXphpw ]nSns®Sp°mhp∂XmWv;
(C) GsX¶nepw Hcp hkvXphpambn _‘s∏´v Hcp Ip‰IrXyw S∂n´ps≠¶n¬,
AØcØnep≈ Ip‰IrXyw XSbp∂Xntm AtX∏‰n AtzjWw SØp∂Xntm, AØcw
]nSns®Sp°¬ BhiyamsW¶n¬, B hkvXp ]nSns®Sp°mhp∂XmWv.
40. t]meoknv o°w sNømsa∂v.˛(1) s]mXpP߃ lmPcp≈ ÿeØv At©m
AXne[nItam BfpIƒ, Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ ¬Inb GsX¶nepw n¿t±iw
sNdpØp n¬°pItbm nckn°pItbm As√¶n¬ Ah ]men°p∂Xn¬ hogvN
hcpØpItbm sNbvXm¬, {]kvXpX t]meokv DtZymKÿv, Cu BIv‰nsetbm at‰sX¶nepw
nbaØnsetbm GsX¶nepw hyhÿ {]Imcw Abmƒ°v ssIs°m≈mhp∂ at‰sX¶nepw
S]Snsb _m[n°msX Xs∂, AØcw BfpIsf s]mXpP߃°v {]thiap≈Xpw
kao]Øp≈Xpw ]ckys∏SpØnbXpamb Hcp ÿetØ°v o°w sNøn°mhp∂Xpw,
AhcpsS t]cpw ta¬hnemkhpw Bcm™v Adn™v tcJs∏SpØnbXnptijw, Ahsc
F{Xbpw thKw hn´bbvt°≠XpamWv:
F∂m¬, bmsXmcp ImcWhimepw A{]Imcw o°w sNbvXhsc aq∂p aWn°qdn¬
IqSpX¬ kq£n°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√.
(2) aq∂p aWn°qdpIƒ°Iw hn´b°s∏Sp∂ Aßsbp≈ Iq´mb o°w sNø¬
Hcp Ip‰IrXysØ kw_‘n® AdÃmbn IcpXs∏Sphm≥ ]mSp≈X√.
41. {]tXyI A[nImcs∏Spج Bhiyap≈ Ip‰IrXyßfn¬ t]meokv S]Sn. ˛ (1)
Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿv, Xs‚ ]Zhnbmtem A[nImcnXbmtem AdÃpsNøphmtm
]nSns®Sp°phmtm GsX¶nepw {]tXyI nba{]Imcw A[nImcs∏SpØnbn´n√mØ
GsX¶nepw sImss·k_nƒ Ip‰Øn¬ {]Xy£Øn¬Xs∂ hy‡ambn Dƒs∏´ Hcmsftbm
hkvXphnstbm, S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°p∂Xnv nba]cambn £aXbp≈ as‰mcp t]meokv
DtZymKÿtm A[nImcntbm hs∂Øn nba{]Imcw S]SnIƒ FSp°p∂Xv
km≤yam°p∂Xnpth≠n, ]camh[n BdpaWn°q¿ kabtØ°v ImØpkq£n°m
hp∂XmWv.
(2) ta¬ D]hIp∏p {]Imcw e`yamb A[nImcw Hcp t]meokptZymKÿ≥
D]tbmKn°p∂Xv Abmƒ A{]Imcw {]h¿Øn®ns√¶n¬ £aXbp≈ DtZymKÿs‚tbm
A[nImcnbpsStbm A`mhwaqew Ip‰hmfn c£s∏Sphmtm sXfnhpIƒ
in∏n°s∏Sphmtm ymbamb km≤yXbp≈ kmlNcyßfn¬ am{Xambncnt°≠XmWv.

25. (3) A{]Imcw Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ {]h¿Øn°ptºmƒ BbXv ymbamb
{]mtbmKnIXbv°v hnt[bambn ÿeØv e`yamb tbmKycmb km£nIfpsS
km∂n≤yØnepw Bfnstbm hkvXphnstbm ImØpkq£nt°≠Xv B {]tXyI
kmlNcyØn¬ ymbhpw bp‡hpw DNnXhpamb ÿeØpw Bbncnt°≠XmWv.
42. {Iakam[m]mehpw A]mb߃ XSbepw.˛(1) GsX¶nepw ÿeØv
KpcpXcamb {IacmlnXytam kam[m ewLtam, IqSnbncn°p∂ P߃°v {]ISambXpw
DS≥ kw`hn°mhp∂Xpamb A]mbtam XSbp∂Xnpth≠n AØcw ÿeØp
k∂nlnXmb A[nImcnXbp≈ GsXmcp t]meokv DtZymKÿpw, Abmƒ°v
Bhiysa∂v IcpXp∂ ymbamb n¿t±i߃ AØcw ÿeßfnse BfpIfpsS
s]cpam‰w kw_‘n®v ¬Imhp∂Xpw AØcw n¿t±i߃ F√m BfpIfpw ]men°phm≥
_m≤yÿcmbncn°p∂XpamWv.
(2) GXp t]meokv DtZymKÿpw, (1)˛mw D]hIp∏nse hyhÿIƒ {]m_eyØn¬
hcpØp∂Xnmbn, s]mXpPkm∂n≤yap≈ kzImcy ÿm]߃ Dƒs∏sSbp≈, F√m
s]mXpÿeßfnte°pw kzX{¥amb {]thiap≠mbncn°p∂XmWv.
43. t]meokv bqWnt^mw hyXykvXhpw {]tXyIhpw Ffp∏Øn¬ Xncn®dnbm≥
Ignbp∂Xpw Bbncnt°≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1) t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS bqWnt^mw,
hyXykvXhpw {]tXyIhpw Ffp∏Øn¬ Xncn®dnbphm≥ Ignbp∂Xpambncn°Ww F∂
Bhiyw ap≥n¿Øn, kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn°v k¿°mcns‚ ap≥Iq´nbp≈
s]mXphmb AwKoImctØmSpIqSn, F√m ]Zhnbnepw hn`mKßfnepw D≈ t]meokv
DtZymKÿcpsS bqWnt^mw F¥mbncn°Ww F∂v hnn¿t±in°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) bqWnt^mw [cnt°≠ kμ¿`ßfpw coXnbpw bqWnt^mw n¿_‘ambpw
[cn®ncnt°≠Xpw C—mpkcWw [cnt°≠Xpw [cnt°≠Xn√mØXpamb tPmenIfpw
GsX∂v kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn°v hnn¿t±in°mhp∂XmWv.
(3) t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ Ft∏mgpw Xs‚ bqWnt^mw DNnXhpw tbmKyhpw
tISp]mSpIƒ C√mØXpw Bb ÿnXnbn¬, hrØntbmSpIqSn kq£nt°≠XmWv.
(4) HutZymKnI Bhiy߃°mbn Aßs sNøp∂ Hcp t]meokv
DtZymKÿ√mØ bmsXmcmfpw, Iem]ctam imkv{X kw_‘nbmbtXm Bb
BhiyØn√msX, t]meokv bqWnt^mtam, t]meokv bqWnt^mw F∂ tXm∂¬
Dfhm°p∂tXm Bb bmsXmcp thjhpw [cn°phm≥ ]mSn√mØXmWv.

26. (5) Hcp {]tXyI thjw AØcsamcp tXm∂¬ Dfhm°p∂pthm F∂Xv, B thjw
[cn®ncn°p∂ Hcp hy‡n Hcp nco£In¬ n∂v kpam¿ Ccp]Ønb©v ao‰¿ AIse
n¬°ptºmƒ B thj[mcn bqWnt^mw [cn® Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿmsW∂v
nco£Iv tXm∂p∂pt≠m C√tbm F∂Xns‚ ASnÿmØn¬ kwÿm t]meokv
ta[mhn A[nImcs∏SpØp∂ Hcp DtZymKÿ≥ Xocpamnt°≠XmWv.
44. t]meokv Uyq´n hml߃ hyXykvXhpw {]tXyIhpw Xncn®dnbm≥ Ignbp∂Xpw
Bbncnt°≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1) kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn°v, k¿°mcns‚ ap≥Iq´nbp≈
AwKoImctØmSpIqSn, t]meokv hml߃ hyXykvXhpw {]tXyIhpw s]mXpP߃°v
Ffp∏Øn¬ Xncn®dnbphm≥ Ignbp∂Xpambncn°Wsa∂ Bhiyw ap≥n¿Øn Hmtcm
t]meokv Uyq´n hmlØns‚bpw ndw, ASbmf߃, k÷oIcW߃, hmlØns‚
`mKambn LSn∏nt°≠ D]IcW߃ F∂nh hnn¿t±in°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) hnn¿t±in°s∏´ cq]Ønep≈ t]meokns‚ F√m Uyq´n hmlßfpw
ASnb¥nctam {][mambtXm Bb at‰sX¶nepw tPmenbn¬ B kabw hym]rXas√¶n¬
GsXmcmfns‚bpw ASnb¥ncamb klmbm`y¿∞tbmSv {]XnIcn®v ymbhpw
kμ¿t`mNnXhpamb t]meokv klmbw ¬tI≠Xnmbn D]tbmKs∏SptØ≠XmWv.
(3) HutZymKnI BhiyØnmbn Aßs sNøp∂ t]meokv DtZymKÿ√mØ
bmsXmcmfpw, Iem]ctam imkv{Xkw_‘ntbm Bb BhiyØn√msX GsXmcp
hmltØbpw AXv Hcp t]meokv hmlamsW∂ tXm∂¬ Dfhm°p∂ ÿnXnbn¬
kq£n°phmtm D]tbmKn°phmtm ]mSn√mØXpw Hcp n¿±njvS hmlw AØcsamcp
tXm∂¬ Dfhm°p∂pthm F∂Xv B hmlØn¬ n∂v kpam¿ qdv ao‰¿ AIse
n¬°p∂ Hcp km[mcW nco£Iv, {]kvXpX hmlw t]meokns‚ Uyq´n hmlambn
tXm∂p∂pt≠m C√tbm F∂Xns‚ ASnÿmØn¬ kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn
A[nImcs∏SpØp∂ Hcp DtZymKÿv Xocpamn°mhp∂XmWv.
45. {]iv_m[nX {]tZißfn¬ {]tXyI A[nImc߃ ˛ (1) h¿§obtam cmjv{Sobtam
Bb ImcWßfmtem A{IaØmtem `oIc{]h¿Øtam tZihncp≤Xtbm aqetam
GsX¶nepw {]tZiØv A{Iaßfpw, hn[zwkI {]h¿Øßfpw s]mXpkzØv in∏n°epw
hym]Iambpw Zp lambpw _m[n®m¬, k¿°mcnv, B {]tZisØ Hcp {]iv_m[nX
{]tZiambn {]Jym]n°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) Hcp {]tZiw {]iv_m[nX {]tZiambn {]Jym]n°s∏´m¬ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn
ntbmKn°p∂Xpw sU]yq´n t]meokv kq{]≠ns‚ dm¶n¬ IpdbmØXpamb DtZymKÿv
{Iakam[m ]meØns‚ Xm¬∏cym¿∞w,˛

27. (F) B {]tZiØv BfpIfpsSbpw hmlßfpsSbpw k©mcØnv ymbamb
]cnanXnIƒ G¿s∏SpØpIbpw;
(_n) B {]tZiØv GsX¶nepw BfpsS {]h¿Ø߃°v nb{¥Ww
G¿s∏SpØnbns√¶n¬ Abmƒ {Iakam[m ]meØnv `wKw hcpØp∂ {]h¿Ø߃
SØpsa∂v t]meoknv hkvXpXm]cambn t_m≤yap≈ ]£w, Abmƒ FhnsSbmWv
F∂v Abmƒ, t]meokns t]meokv n¿t±in°p∂ coXnbn¬ Adnbn®p
sIm≠ncn°Wsa∂v Abmƒ°v DØchv ¬IpIbpw;
(kn) B {]tZiØv Bbp[ßfpsSbpw kvt^mSIhkvXp°fpsSbpw ssek≥kv
kkvs]‚ v sNøpIbpw, ssek≥kv D≈htcmSv AhcpsS Bbp[߃ kq£n°phm≥
t]meokns G¬∏n°m≥ n¿t±in°pIbpw;
(Un) B {]tZitØ°v {]thin°p∂tXm As√¶n¬ AhnsS n∂v hn´pt]mIp∂tXm
Bb GsXmcmsftbm, hmlsØtbm, Is≠bvsdtbm ]cntim[n∏n°pIbpw;
sNømhp∂XmWv.
46. AdÃv sNøs∏´hcpsS taep≈ nb{¥Ww.-˛ (1) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿv,
Abmƒ AdÃv sNbvXbmƒ IÃUnbn¬ n∂pw nbahncp≤ambn c£s∏Sp∂n√m F∂v
Dd∏phcpØphm≥ DNnXamb _‘ kwhn[m߬ D]tbmKn°mhp∂Xpw Aßs
c£s∏Sm≥ {ian°p∂ Bƒs°Xncmbn Bhiyamb _e{]tbmKw SØmhp∂XpamWv.
(2) AdÃv sNøp∂ t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥, AdÃv sNøs∏´bmƒ
ssIhneßne√mØ]£w IÃUnbn¬ n∂pw c£s∏Spsat∂m a‰p≈hsctbm
Xs∂Øs∂tbm D]{Zhw G¬∏n°psat∂m hnizkn°m≥ X° ImcWans√¶ntem,
{]kvXpX ImcW߃ B DtZymKÿ≥ FgpXn tcJs∏SpØnbn´ns√¶ntem AdÃv
sNøs∏´bmsf nb{¥n°p∂Xnmbn ssIhneßv D]tbmKn°m≥ ]mSp≈X√.
(3) Hcmƒ AdÃv sNøs∏´v t]meokv IÃUnbnencn°ptºmƒ kμ¿`Ønv ymbambn
tbmPn® amyamb coXnbn¬ Abmƒ ]Xnhmbn [cn®p ioen® thjw D]tbmKn°phm≥
Abmsf AphZnt°≠XmWv.
47. NnØtcmKnIƒ, aZy]mnIƒ, AkpJap≈h¿ F∂nhsc IÃUnbn¬
kq£n°p∂Xv -˛ (1) _p≤n{`aØmtem, NnØtcmKw aqetam, elcnbpsS D]tbmKwaqetam
a‰phn[Øntem kzbw kwc£n°m≥ Ai‡cmbtXm a‰p≈h¿°v D]{Zhw
D≠m°phmnSbp≈tXm Bb Hcmsf t]meoknv kpc£m IÃUnbn¬
FSp°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) A{]Imcw kpc£m IÃUnbn¬ FSp°s∏´ Bfns‚ Xm¬∏cy kwc£WØnv
AØcw ASnb¥nc S]Sn BhiyamsW¶n¬ Hcp saUn°¬ ÿm]tØmSv B Bfns
nco£WØntem NnIn’bntem Ccp]Ønmev aWn°qdn¬ IhnbmØ kabtØ°v
kq£n°Wsa∂v tcJmaqew A`y¿∞n°mhp∂Xpw ÿm]Øns‚ A[nImcnIƒ B
A`y¿∞ Apkcn°m≥ _m≤yÿcmbncn°p∂XpamWv.

28. (3) nehnep≈ GsX¶nepw nba{]Imcw {]kvXpX hy‡nbpsS NnIn’tbbpw
IÃUntbbpw kw_‘n®v XocpamsaSp°m≥ GsX¶nepw aPnkvt{S‰nv £aXbps≠¶n¬,
B hnhcw {]kvXpX aPnkvt{S‰ns Imehnfw_w IqSmsX Adnbnt°≠Xpw aPnkvt{S‰ns‚
DØchp{]Imcw XpS¿ S]SnIƒ kzoIcnt°≠XpamWv.
48. Ip‰mtcm]nX¿°p≈ sshZy]cntim[ -˛ GsXmcp tbmKyXbp≈ saUn°¬
{]mIvSojWdpw, At±lØns‚ apºmsI sshZy ]cntim[bv°mbn Hcp t]meokv
DtZymKÿ≥ lmPcm°p∂, Ip‰w Btcm]n°s∏´tXm kwibn°s∏´tXm Bb Hcmsf
B DtZymKÿs‚ Bhiy{]Imcw, Bhiyamb sshZy]cntim[ SØphm≥
_m≤yÿmbncn°p∂XmWv.
49. Ip‰mtcm]nX¿°p≈ NnIn’ ˛ (1) t]meokv IÃUnbnep≈ BfpIsf aXnbmb
Imhenepw t]meokv nco£WØnepw NnIn’n°p∂Xnmbn F√m Bip]{XnIfpw
{]mtbmKnI kmlNcyßfpkcn®v th≠{X kuIcyw ¬tI≠XmWv.
(2) t]meokv Bhiys∏´m¬ AØcw BfpIfpsS NnIn’m kw_‘amb F√m
saUn°¬ tcJIfpsSbpw ]I¿∏v DS≥ lmPcm°m≥ Bip]{Xn A[nImcnIƒ
_m≤yÿcmWv.
(3) GsX¶nepw ASnb¥ncL´Øn¬ Hcp kzImcy Bip]{Xnbn¬ XpS°Øn¬
{]thin°s∏´ GsXmcp Btfbpw BtcmKymhÿ ]cntim[n°p∂ tUmIvSdpsS
AwKoImcØnp hnt[bambn Ignbp∂{X thKØn¬ k¿°m¿ Bip]{Xnbnte°v
amt‰≠XmWv.
(4) t]meokv IÃUnbnep≈ HcmfpsS sshZy]cntim[bpsSbpw NnIn’bpsSbpw
dnt∏m¿´ns‚ ]I¿∏v Ip‰mtcm]nXtcm AhcpsS _‘p°tfm Bhiys∏Sp∂ ]£w
¬tI≠XmWv.
50. t]meokv IÃUnbnep≈hcpsS ]cn°v kw_‘n® S]Sn ˛imcocnIambn ]cnt°‰
ÿnXnbn¬ GsX¶nepw Bfns t]meokv IÃUnbn¬ FSp°ptºmtgm Hcp t]meokv
DtZymKÿ≥ SØnb _e{]tbmKw sIm≠v icocØn¬ ]cnt°‰ Bƒ ]cn°ns∏‰n
]cmXns∏Sptºmtgm ]cn°p ]‰nb Imcyw t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ {i≤bn¬ s]Sptºmtgm
AØcw Bsf G‰hpw ASpØp≈ tbmKyXbp≈ saUn°¬ {]mIvSojWdpsS apºmsI
sIm≠pt]mtI≠Xpw B saUn°¬ {]mIvSojW¿ ]cn°ns∏‰nbpw AXv Fßs
kw`hn®psh∂pw Bcm™dn™v tcJs∏SptØ≠Xpw Bhiyamb NnIn’ ¬tI
≠XpamWv:

29. F∂m¬ ]cnt°‰ Bsf Hcp aPnkvt{S‰np apºmsI, sIm≠pt]mIp∂Xnv AbmfpsS
BtcmKy Ahÿ AphZn°psa¶n¬, Abmsf tÃj≥ lukv B^ok¿ _‘s∏´
A[nImcnXbp≈ PpUojy¬ aPnkvt{S‰ns‚tbm AØcw aPnkvt{S‰ns‚ A[nImcnXbv°v
]pdØphcp∂ kwKXnbmsW¶n¬ FIvknIyq´ohv aPnkvt{S‰ns‚tbm apºmsI
lmPcmt°≠Xpw, At±lw ]cn°v ]‰nb coXnsb kw_‘n®v AbmfpsS hniZoIcWw
Bcm™dntb≠XpamWv:
F∂pam{Xa√ ]cnt°‰bmsf aPnkvt{S‰np apºmsI sIm≠pt]mIphm≥ ]‰mØ
BtcmKy ÿnXnbnemsW¶n¬, kw`hØns‚bpw kmlNcyØns‚bpw hnhcWw tÃj≥
lukv Hm^ok¿ DS≥Xs∂ AØcw aPnkvt{S‰nv Ab®psImSpt°≠Xpw {]kvXpX
dnt∏m¿´ns‚ ]I¿∏v saUn°¬ B^ok¿°pw ]cn°v ]‰nb Bƒ°pw ¬tI≠Xpw BbXv
Ah¿ ssI∏‰nb hnhcw AwKoIcn®v tcJmaqew FgpXn hmtß≠XpamWv.
51. tkhZmXm°ƒ tcJIƒ kq£n°Wsa∂v ˛ k¿°m¿, Cu BhiyØnte°mbn
ImemImeßfn¬ hn⁄m]w sNbvtX°mhp∂ hn`mKßfn¬s∏Sp∂ F√m
tkhZmXm°fpw Ah¿ apJm¥ncw tkhw e`n® BfpIsf Xncn®dnbp∂Xnmhiyamb
IrXyamb tcJIƒ, ¬Is∏´ tkhßfpsS hniZmwißtfmSpIqSn k¿°m¿
n›bnt®°mhp∂ Imebfhnte°v kq£nt°≠XmWv.
52. tkhZmXm°ƒ t]meoknv hnhcw ¬IWsa∂v ˛ (1) GsX¶nepw tkhw
¬Ip∂ F√m tkhZmXm°fpw nbampkrXambn SØs∏Sp∂ t]meokv
AtzjWhpambn _‘ap≈Xpw AØcw tkh ZmXm°fm¬ ¬Is∏´Xpamb
GsX¶nepw {]tXyI tkhØns‚tbm hnhn[ tkhßfpsStbm hnhcßfpw tcJIfpw
HutZymKnI NpaXem n¿ΔlWØnnsS Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ Bhiys∏Sptºmƒ
¬tI≠XmWv.
(2) AØcØnep≈ hnhcßfpw, tcJIfpw Ah Bhiys∏Sp∂ _‘s∏´ t]meokv
DtZymKÿ≥ n›bn°p∂ ymbamb kab]cn[n°p≈n¬ e`yamt°≠XmWv.
53. tkhZmXm°fpsS ]q¿ΔImeNcn{Xw ]cntim[n°¬.˛k¿°mcnv,
hn⁄m]ØneqsS, GsX¶nepw {]tZisØtbm tkh taJebnsetbm
tkhZmXm°tfmSv Ah¿ s]mXpP߃°v GsX¶nepw tkhw e`yam°m≥
XpSßp∂Xnpapºmbn Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnbn¬ nt∂m n¿Æbn°s∏Smhp∂ a‰p
t]meokv A[nImcnIfn¬ nt∂m Ahsc∏‰nbpw AhcpsS Poh°msc∏‰nbpw t]meokv
shcn^nt°j≥ k¿´n^n°‰v hmßWsa∂pw Hmtcm tkhØns‚bpw kmlNcyØn¬
AhcpsS kaImeotam ]q¿Δ ImetØm D≈ {]h¿Øßsf∏‰n ymbambn Bhiyamb
hnhc߃ t]meoknp ¬IWsa∂pw, IqSmsX hnn¿t±in°s∏Smhp∂ Imebfhn¬
AØcw ]cntim[bv°v Bh¿Øn®p hnt[bcmth≠XmsW∂pw n¿t±in°mhp∂XmWv.

30. F∂m¬, tkhZmXmhn¬ n∂pw A{]Imcw e`n°p∂ hnhc߃ GsX¶nepw Hcp
Ip‰IrXyw XSbp∂Xntm Atzjn°p∂Xntm GsX¶nepw s]mXp BhiyØntm
th≠nh∂me√msX clkyambn kq£nt°≠Xpw GsX¶nepw hy‡nt°m
s]mXpPØntm shfns∏SpØn ¬Im≥ ]mSn√mØXpamIp∂p.
54. tamjvSn°s∏´tXm jvSs∏´tXm tXSp∂tXm Bb hkvXp°sf kw_‘n®v
tkhZmXm°ƒ dnt∏m¿´v sNtø≠XmsW∂v.˛ (1) jvSs∏´tXm, tamjvSn°s∏´tXm
GsX¶nepw Ip‰IrXyØns‚ `mKambn I≠p]nSnt°≠tXm Bb km[ kma{KnIfpsS
]´nI e`yambnStØmfap≈ Xncn®dnb¬ hnhcßtfmSpIqSn GsXmcp t]meokv
DtZymKÿpw, GsXmcp tkhZmXmhnsbpw G¬∏n°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) AXnptijw AØcw GsX¶nepw km[w B tkhZmXmhns‚
{i≤bn¬s∏´m¬ {]kvXpX km[w ssIhiap≈bmfns‚ t]cpw ta¬hnemkhpw Abmƒ
Bcm™v Adnbphm≥ {iant°≠Xpw km[w XS™ph®v DS≥Xs∂ B kmlNcyw
G‰hpw ASpØp≈ t]meokv tÃjn¬ Adnbnt°≠XpamWv.
(3) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏p{]Imcap≈ tkhZmXmhnv, AØcw km[w ssIhiap≈
Bƒ icnbmb ta¬hnemkw Xcp∂n√ F∂v hnizkn°m≥ aXnbmb ImcWaps≠¶n¬
B Bfns Hcp aWn°qdne[nIw hcmØ kabtØ°v t]meokv FØp∂Xphsc
XS™pn¿Ømhp∂XmWv.
55. t]meokv ]nSns®SpØ hkvXp°fpsS kq£n∏pw ssIsbmgn°epw.˛(1) Hmtcm
t]meokv tÃjnepw t]meokv ]nSns®SpØtXm t]meokns‚ ssIhiØn¬
h∂ptN¿∂tXm Bb hkvXp°ƒ kq£n°p∂Xnv ]cym]vXamb ÿew
D≠mbncnt°≠XmWv:
F∂m¬, AhnsS ÿew ]cym]vXas√¶n¬ Ah kq£n°p∂Xnmbn t]meokv
tÃj≥ A√msXbp≈ tbmPyamb Hcp ÿew k¿°mcnv, hn⁄m]w sNømhp∂XmWv.
(2) t^md≥knIv ]cntim[bv°v Bhiyap≈ kmºnfpIƒ tiJcn®Xnptijw,
£aXbp≈ hnZKv≤s‚ km∂n≤yØn¬ _‘s∏´ tImSXnIƒ°v ap≥Iqdmbn Adnbn∏v
¬InbXnptijw kvt^mSIhkvXp, lmnIcamb cmkhkvXp°ƒ apXemb
A]ISIcamb hkvXp°ƒ t]meoknv in∏n°mhp∂XmWv.
F∂m¬, s]m´nsØdntbm lmntbmaqeap≠mIp∂ A]ISw Bk∂amsW¶n¬
kmºnƒ tiJcWw Hgnhm°mhp∂XmWv.
(3) nba]camb GsX¶nepw BhiyØnv, ]n∂oSv D]Icn°phm≥ km≤yXbn√mØ,
thKØn¬ in®pt]mIp∂ km[߃ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS DØchv {]Imcw
teew sNbvXv hn¬t°≠Xpw Aßs e`n°p∂ XpI {Inan¬ PÃnkv anktenbkv
FIvkvs]≥kkv ^≠n¬ nt£]nt°≠Xpw BWv.

31. (4) (F) t]meokv ]nSns®SpØtXm tImSXnbpsS nb{¥WØnep≈tXm Bb
GsX¶nepw hkvXp t]meokv kq£n°Wa∂v GsX¶nepw tImSXn DØchnSptºmƒ,
hkvXphns‚ kq£n∏v `cta¬∏n°s∏´n´p≈ t]meokv DtZymKÿv {]kvXpX hkvXp
kpc£nXambn kq£n°p∂Xnv Xs‚ nb{¥WØn¬ AptbmPyamb ÿew e`ya√
F¶n¬ A°mcyw tImSXnbn¬ t_m[n∏n°mhp∂XmWv.
(_n) A{]Imcap≈ Hcp ÿnXnhntijw {i≤bn¬s∏´m¬ {]kvXpX hkvXp
kq£n°p∂Xnv AptbmPyamb Hcp ÿew Is≠Øn B hkvXp AhnsS
kq£n°p∂Xnv {]kvXpX t]meokptZymKÿs tImSXn°v AphZn°mhp∂XmWv.
(kn) A{]Imcw IÃUnbn¬ kq£n°p∂Xpambn _‘s∏´ sNehpIƒ k¿°m¿
tcnt´m {Inan¬ PÃnkv anktenbkv FIvkvs]≥kkv ^≠n¬ nt∂m ]q¿Æambpw
hlnt°≠XmWv.
(5) t]meokv ]nSns®SpØ GsXmcp hkvXphpw tImSXnbpsS s]mXphmbtXm
{]tXyIambtXm Bb AphmZtØmSpIqSn, AXmXp kmlNcyßfn¬ AptbmPyamb
BfpIfpsStbm GP≥knIfpsStbm ÿm]ßfpsStbm kpc£nXamb kq£n∏n¬
hbv°mhp∂XmWv.
56. AhIminbn√mØ hkvXp°ƒ kw_‘n® t]meokv S]Sn.˛ (1) Hmtcm t]meokv
DtZymKÿpw Cn ]dbp∂ PwKahkvXp°fpsS Xm¬°menI NpaXe
Gs‰Spt°≠XmWv,˛
(i) Abmƒ Is≠SpØtXm, Abmƒ°v ssIam‰w sNøs∏´tXm Bb As√¶n¬
AbmfpsS ssIhiap≈tXm Bb Bcpw AhImiap∂bn°mØtXm Gs‰Sp°m≥
hnkΩXn°p∂tXm Bb PwKahkvXp°ƒ;
(ii) hkvXphns‚ DSabvt°m NpaXe°mctm BbXv o°w sNøWsa∂v
hkvXphn≥tatem AXnp kao]tØm ]Xn® tm´okv aptJ n¿t±iw ¬Inbn´pw
ymbamb kabØnIw Bcpw o°w sNømsX GsX¶nepw s]mXp sXcphn¬
InS°p∂Xmbn ImWs∏Sp∂ PwKahkvXp°ƒ;
(2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏p {]Imcw hkvXphns‚ NpaXe Gs‰Sp°p∂ t]meokv
DtZymKÿ≥ B {]tZiØv AØcw hkvXp°ƒ km[mcW ssIImcyw sNøp∂ amymb
GsX¶nepw hym]mcnbn¬ n∂pw BbXns‚ GItZi hn]Wnhne Xn´s∏SpØn tcJmaqew
hmßnbtijw hkvXphnsbpw AXns‚ aqeysØbpw kw_‘n® hniZhnhc߃
AXns‚ A[nImcnXbp≈ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°pw FIvknIyq´ohv aPnkvt{S‰npw
¬tI≠XmWv.
(3) AØcw GsX¶nepw hkvXp kzm`mhnIambn thKØn¬ in°p∂tXm,
I∂pImentbm BsW¶n¬ tÃj≥ lukv B^ok¿°v AXns DS≥Xs∂
]ckyteeØneqsS hn¬°mhp∂XmWv.

32. (4) (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏n≥ Iogn¬ NpaXebnep≈ hkvXphns‚ hniZhnhcw {]Xn]mZn®v
hnn¿t±in°s∏´n´p≈ Hcp DtZymKÿs‚ apºmsI hnfw_c XobXn apX¬ ap∏Xv
Znhk߃°Iw lmPcmbn Xs‚ AhImiw ÿm]n°Wsa∂v AXn≥ta¬
AhImiap∂bn°mhp∂ GsXmcmtfmSpw Bhiys∏´psIm≠v Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn
Hcp hnfw_cw ]pds∏Sphnt°≠XmWv.
(5) {]kvXpX hnfw_cØn¬ hy‡am°nb hkvXphns‚ ssIhiØnv GsX¶nepw
Bƒ°v AhImiaps≠∂v t_m≤ys∏Sp∂]£w, BbXns‚ ]nSns®Sp°enpw
kq£n∏npw n›bn°s∏´ ^okv CuSm°nbXnv tijw Abmƒ°v AXv hn´psImSp°m≥
Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v DØchmImhp∂XmWv.
F∂m¬, AØcw DØchv AXnpkrXambn hkvXphns‚ ssIhimhImiw
e`n°p∂ Bfn¬ n∂v AXns ]q¿Æamtbm `mKnIamtbm hos≠Sp°mp≈ as‰mcmfns‚
nbakm[pXbp≈ AhImißsf Hcp hn[Ønepw _m[n°p∂X√.
(6) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v, (5)˛mw D]hIp∏p{]Imcw GsX¶nepw hkvXp
B¿°mtWm hn´psImSp°p∂Xv Abmfn¬ n∂pw At±lØnv t_m≤yap≈ skIyqcn‰n
hmßmhp∂XmWv.
F∂m¬ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v t_m≤yw hcp∂ ymbamb ImcWßfn√msX
ssIhimhImiw ¬Is∏´ hkvXp Gs‰SpØpsIm≠pt]mIp∂Xnv c≠p
ZnhkØne[nIw ImeXmakw hcpØnbm¬ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v (8)˛mw D]hIp∏p
{]Imcw S]Sn kzoIcn°mhp∂XmWv.
(7) hnfw_cØn¬ hnn¿t±in®n´p≈ Imebfhnp≈n¬ bmsXmcmfpw A{]Imcap≈
hkvXphn¬ AhImihmZw ÿm]n®n´ns√¶n¬ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS DØchpIƒ
{]Imcw, {]kvXpX hkvXp GsX¶nepw HutZymKnI BhiyØnmbn km[mcWKXnbn¬
hmtß≠ GsX¶nepw km[Ønv ]Icambn t]meokv hIp∏n¬ D]tbmKn°pItbm
As√¶n¬ s]mXpteeØneqsS hn¬∏ SØn AXn¬ n∂pw e`n°p∂ XpI {Inan¬
PÃnkv an tenbkv FIvkvs]≥kkv ^≠nte°v hchv hbv°pItbm sNømhp∂XmWv.
(8) (i) (1)-˛mw D]hIp∏p {]Imcw t]meokns‚ NpaXebnep≈ hkvXp°fpsS hen∏hpw
kz`mhhpw ]cnKWn®v, BbXv kq£n°p∂Xnv CuSmt°≠ ^okns‚ nc°v
n›bn°p∂Xnv kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn°v ImemImeßfn¬ amZWvU߃
n›bn°mhp∂XmWv.
(ii) AØcw hkvXp kq£n°p∂Xnv AhIminbn¬ n∂v CuSmt°≠ ^okv
AØcw hkvXphns‚ hn]Wn hnebpsS ]IpXnbmb tijw GXp Znhkhpw {]kvXpX
hkvXp Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v teeØn¬ hn¬°mhp∂XmWv.

33. F∂m¬, AØcw hkvXp t]meokv Gs‰SpØXnptijap≈ BZysØ Ggv
ZnhktØt°m As√¶n¬ AXv k¿°m¿ D]tbmKØnmbn FSpØ XobXn°v tijap≈
Hcp Imebfhntet°m hkvXphns‚ bYm¿∞ DSaÿn¬ n∂pw A{]Imcap≈ bmsXmcp
XpIbpw CuSm°m≥ ]mSp≈X√.
(9) Bcpw AhImiap∂bn°mØ Hcp hkvXp teeØn¬ hn‰n´ps≠¶nepw ]n∂oSv
bYm¿∞ DSabv°v as‰mcmƒ aptJ km[w Aymbambn ssIhiØne√mXmbnØo¿∂p
F∂pw B hnhcw Abmƒ bYmkabw A[nImcÿmsØ nba]cambn Adnbn®ncp∂p
F∂pw hy‡ambm¬, B hkvXp hn‰pIn´nb apgph≥ XpIbpw ^okv CØn¬ bmsXm∂pw
Ipdhp sNømsX bYm¿∞ DSabv°v XncnsI ¬tI≠XmWv.
(10) GsXmcp t]meokv DtZymKÿpw, BcmWv AhImin F∂dnbn√mØ
I∂pImenIsftbm thKØn¬ in®p t]mIp∂ Hcp hkvXphnstbm Hcp ZnhkØn¬
IqSpX¬ IÃUnbn¬ kq£nt°≠Xn√mØXpw Ahsb DSSn teew SØnb
ImcWØm¬ B¿s°¶nepw Fs¥¶nepw jvSw kw`hn®m¬ B DtZymKÿ≥ AXnv
_m≤yÿ√mØXpamIp∂p.
(11) Bcpw AhImiap∂bn°mØ (1)˛mw D]hIp∏n¬ ]cma¿in°s∏´ Hcp hkvXp
t]meokns‚ ssIhiw h∂v ap∏Xv ZnhkØnptijw t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ ta¬hnhcn®
S]Sn {]Imcw teew SØn F∂ ImcWØm¬ GsX¶nepw Bfnv bYm¿∞amtbm
km¶¬∏nIamtbm D≠mb Hcp jvShpw Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿpw
nItØ≠Xn√mØXmWv.
57. ImWmXmb BfpIsf I≠p]nSn°m≥ t]meokv {ian°Wsa∂v.˛ (1) GsX¶nepw
Hcmsf ImWmXmbn F∂v ymbambpw kwibn°mhp∂ coXnbn¬ tÃj≥ lukv
B^ok¿°v GsX¶nepw hnhcw e`n°ptºmsg√mw,˛
(F) AØcw Bƒ A]ISØnemsWt∂m nbampkrXamb c£I¿Xr
kwc£WØne√ Ft∂m; As√¶n¬
(_n) AØcw Bƒ B]¬°camb Ip‰IrXyØnv Ccbmbncn°msat∂m; As√¶n¬
(kn) AØcw Bƒ GsX¶nepw tImSXn {]Jym]n® nbampkrX AhImiw S∏n¬
hcpØp∂Xn¬ n∂v Bscsb¶nepw XSbp∂Xnmbn kzbw Hfn®ncn°p∂Xmtbm,
hnizkn°m≥ X° kmlNcy߃ Ds≠¶n¬, AØcw DtZymKÿ≥
sImss·k_nƒ Ip‰Ønmbn n¿Æbn°s∏´Xnv kamamb coXnbn¬ hnhcw cPnÿ
sNbvXv ImWmXmb Bsf Is≠Øphm≥ kXzcw {]h¿Ønt°≠XmWv.

34. (2) AØcw AtzjWØn¬ AØcw DtZymKÿtm Abmƒ ntbmKn°p∂
GsX¶nepw DtZymKÿtm GsXmcp km£nsbbpw tNmZyw sNbvXv samgn
tcJs∏SpØmhp∂Xpw GsXmcp ÿeØpw ]cntim[ SØpIbpw sNømhp∂XpamWv.
(3) C°mcyw Atzjn°p∂ t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ tNmZy߃°v F√m BfpIfpw
kXyk‘ambn DØcw ¬tI≠Xpw B DtZymKÿ≥ tcJs∏SpØp∂ AØcw
samgnbpsS ]I¿∏v km£n°v ¬tI≠Xpw ]I¿∏v e`n®Xnptijw AØcw ]I¿∏v
e`n®Xmbn km£n H∏n´p ¬tI≠XpamWv.
(4) Cu hIp∏p{]Imcap≈ F√m sXc®nepIfpw 1973˛se {Inan¬ S]Sn
nbakwlnXbpsS (1974˛se 2˛mw tI{μ BIv‰vv) hyhÿIƒ°pkcn®v StØ≠XmWv.
(5) ImWmXmb Bfns AtzjWØn¬ Is≠Ønbm¬ DØchmZnXzap≈
c£mI¿Øm°sf tcJmaqew G¬∏n°pItbm A[nImcnXbp≈ aPnkvt{S‰ns‚ apºmsI
lmPcm°pItbm, sNtø≠XmWv.
(6) A{]Imcw lmPcm°s∏Sp∂ Bƒ Hcp kv{Xotbm Ip´ntbm BsW¶n¬ B
hy‡nbpsS kzImcyXbpw Xm¬]cyhpw kwc£n°p∂Xnv Bhiyamb S]SnIƒ
aPnkvt{S‰v kzoIcnt°≠XmWv.
58. ImWmXmIp∂ km[߃ kw_‘n® cPnÿ t]meokv kq£n°Wsa∂v.˛(1)
Hcp tÃj≥ lukv B^ok¿°v GsX¶nepw Bfns‚ hne]nSn∏p≈ km[tam
skIyqcn‰ntbm jvSs∏´n´ps≠∂v hnizkobamb hnhcw e`n°ptºmƒ B B^ok¿°v,
jvSs∏´ km[Øns‚ aqeyhpw kz`mhhpw AØcw Hcp S]Sn{IasØ
ymboIcn°p∂psh∂v t_m≤ys∏Sp∂ ]£w, B BhiyØnmbn kq£n°p∂ Hcp
cPnÃdn¬ hnhcw tcJs∏SpØmhp∂Xpw, km[w Is≠Øm≥ ymbambpw
Bhiyamtb°mhp∂ AtzjWw SØn∏n°mhp∂Xpw Bhiys∏Sp∂h¿°v BbXv
jvSs∏´p F∂v tcJs∏SpØnb k¿´n^n°‰v ¬Imhp∂XpamWv.
59. Ip‰IrXyßfn¬ Dƒs∏´n´n√ F∂p≈ k¿´n^n°‰pIƒ t]meoknv
¬Imsa∂v.˛GsXmcp Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°pw tÃj≥ lukv Hm^ok¿°pw HcmfpsS
At]£ {]Imcw Abmƒ bmsXmcp Ip‰IrXyØnepw Dƒs∏´n´n√m F∂v DNnXamb
AtzjWØnptijw k¿°m¿ CXnte°mbn n›bnt®°mhp∂ ^okv
CuSm°nbXnptijw k¿´n^n°‰v ¬Imhp∂XmWv.
60. kpc£m D]tZiw t]meokv ¬IWsa∂v.˛Hcp Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v
At±lØns‚ A[nImc]cn[nbnep≈ GsX¶nepw ÿeØv hfsc hne]nSn∏p≈
PwKahkvXp°ƒ kq£n®ncn°p∂psht∂m As√¶n¬ GsX¶nepw s]mXp {]m[myap≈
ÿew KpcpXcamb kpc£m`ojWn tcnSp∂psht∂m hnhcw e`n®m¬ At±lw
kzta[bm, _‘s∏´ ÿeØns‚ NpaXebp≈ BfntmtSm BfpItfmtSm
IqSnbmtemNn®v, AptbmPyamb coXnbn¬ Hcp kpc£m]cntim[ SØn°mhp∂Xpw
AØcw ]cntim[bpsS ASnÿmØn¬ ÿeØns‚ NpaXe°mctmSv Bhiyamb
kpc£m ap≥IcpXepIƒ FSp°phm≥ n¿t±in°mhp∂XpamWv:

35. F∂m¬, Cu hIp∏n¬ ASßnbncn°p∂ bmsXm∂pw GsXmcmsfbpw Abmsf a‰v
hn[Øn¬ n¿_‘nXm°mØ Hcp Imcyw sNøphmtm sNømXncn°phmtm
n¿_‘n°p∂Xmbn IcpXs∏tS≠Xn√.
61. t]meokv {Sm^n°v {IaoIcnt°≠Xpw nb{¥nt°≠XpamsW∂v: Uyq´nbnepff
Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿv {IacmlnXyw, XS w, A]ISw F∂nh HgnhmIp∂Xnpth≠n
s]mXpÿeßfn¬ {Sm^nIv {IaoIcn°mhp∂Xpw nb{¥n°mhp∂Xpw, AXnmbn
_‘s∏´h¿s°√mw ymbamb n¿t±i߃ ¬Imhp∂Xpw AØcw n¿t±i߃
F√mhcpw Apkcnt°≠XpamWv.
62.hy‡nIƒ°pw kzImcyÿm]߃°pw kpc£ ¬IWsa∂v : (1) Pn√m
t]meokv ta[mhnt°m kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhnt°m tÃj≥ lukv B^ok¿t°m
e`yamb hnhcØns‚ ASnÿmØn¬, GsX¶nepw s]mXpÿetØm kzImcyÿetØm,
s]mXpPØntm GsX¶nepw hy‡nt°m `cWIqSØntm ÿm]Øntm FXncmbn
Bk∂amb GsX¶nepw Ip‰IrXyw XSbp∂Xntm Bk∂amb A]ISw XSbp∂Xntm
Hgnhm°p∂Xntm th≠n IqSpX¬ t]meokv tksb kuPyambn hnykn∏n°p∂Xnp
Xocpamw GSp°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) km[mcW t]meokv tkhØns‚ `mKambn s]mXpP߃°v e`yamb
s]mXphmbXpw km[mcW Afhnep≈Xpamb t]meokv {IaoIcW߃°v D]cnbmbn,
KpcpXcamb Ip‰IyXyw kw`hn°Wsa∂pff A]ISw Bk∂amsW∂v kwÿm
t]meokv ta[mhnt°m Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnt°m tÃj≥lukv B^ok¿t°m
a‰phn[Øn¬ t_m≤ys∏Sp∂nSsØmgnsIbpff kmlNcyßfn¬ Hcp kzImcy hy‡nt°m
kzImcykzØntm am{Xambn kuPyamtbm, ^okv CuSm°nsImt≠m {]tXyI
t]meokns h¿≤n® tXmXn¬ n¿_‘ambn hnykn∏n®p In´phm≥ Hcp hy‡n°pw
ÿm]Ønpw AhImiap≠mbncn°p∂X√.
(3) k¿°mcntm kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhnt°m, Hcp hy‡nbpsStbm
ÿm]Øns‚tbm kwLØns‚tbm AhcpsS kzØp°fpsStbm kwc£WØntm
am{Xambn IqSpX¬ t]meokns hnykn∏n°mpff amZWvUhpw S]Sn{Iahpw
CuSmt°≠ ^okns‚ tXmXpw AXv CuSmt°≠ kmlNcyßfpw n›bn°mhp∂XmWv.
63. sImss·k_nfmb Ip‰Ønte°v bn°mhp∂ X¿°ßfn¬ t]meokv S]Sn:-˛
GsX¶nepw hy‡nItfm kwLßtfm XΩnepff X¿°w F{Xbpw s]s´∂v ]cnlcn°mØ
]£w Hcp tImss·k_nƒ Ip‰ambn ]cnWan°phm≥ km[yXbpff kmlNcyw,
Bsc¶nepw {i≤bn¬s∏SpØnbm¬ tÃj≥ lukv B^ok¿:˛

36. (F) _‘s∏´ hy‡nIfpamtbm A°mcyw Adnbmhp∂ a‰pffhcpamtbm kwkmcn®v
hkvXpXIfpw kmlNcyhpw Xn´s∏SpØphmtm;
(_n) X¿°apff hy‡nIƒt°m As√¶n¬ G√m kwL߃°ptam X¿°Øns‚
XpS¿®bmbn nbahncp≤amb Fs¥¶nepw {]hrØn sNøp∂XnsXnsc tcJmaqew
ap∂dnbn∏p ¬Iphmtm;
(kn) X¿°apff hy‡nIsftbm, kwLßtftbm ]ckv]c N¿®bneqsStbm
a[yÿXbneqsStbm {]ivw ]cnlcn°p∂Xnv t{]m’mln∏n°phmtm;
(Un) X¿°w ]cnlcn°p∂Xnv A[nImcnXbpw £aXbpapff Hcp tImSXnsb
kao]n°Wsa∂v hy‡nIsftbm kwLßsftbm D]tZin°p∂Xntm;
(C) A[nImcnXbpff FIvknIyq´ohv aPnkvt{S‰v apºmsI lmPcmbn hy‡nItfmtSm
kwLßtfmtSm X¿°]cnlmcw tXSm≥ Bhiys∏Sp∂Xntm;
(F^v) 1973 se {Ian¬ S]Sn nba kwlnXbnse (1974 se 2˛mw tI{μ BIv‰v)
hyhÿIƒ {]Imcw Hcp hy‡nt°m F√m kwL߃°ptam FXnsc bp‡amb
S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°p∂Xnv A[nImcnXbpff aPnkvt{S‰v apºmsI hkvXpXIƒ dnt∏m¿´v
sNøp∂Xntm;
S]SnIƒ GSpt°≠XmWv.
64. IΩyqWn‰n t]meoknwKvv (1) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn, t]meokns‚
IrXyn¿ΔlWØn¬ s]mXphmb klmbw ¬Im≥ th≠n B {]tZisØ
IΩyqWn‰nbpsS {]Xnn[nIƒ F∂ nebn¬ Xt±ihmknIƒ Dƒs∏Sp∂ IΩyqWn‰n
kº¿° kanXnIƒ Hmtcm t]meokv tÃjpth≠nbpw cq]oIcnt°≠XmWv.
(2) IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXnbn¬ t]meokv tÃj≥ A[nImc ]cn[nbnepff
kaqlØnse G√m hn`mKßfnepw tkh, sXmgn¬ taJeIfnepapffh¿°pw kv{XoIƒ,
]´nIPmXn, ]´nItKm{Xh¿§ hn`mK°m¿ F∂nh¿°pw ymbamb {]mXnn[yw
D≠mbncnt°≠XmWv.
(3){Inan¬ tImSXn sXm´papºp≈ A©v h¿j°mebfhn¬ XShnp in£n®tXm
As√¶n¬ AgnaXn, km∑m¿§nI A[x]Xw, s]cpam‰Zqjyw F∂o ImcWßfm¬
GsX¶nepw DtZymKØn¬ n∂v Unkvankv sNbvXtXm, o°w sNbvXtXm, UnkvNm¿÷v
sNbvXtXm As√¶n¬ n¿_‘nXambn hncan°¬ ¬InbtXm Bb bmsXmcmsfbpw
IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXnbnse HcwKambn man¿t±iw sNøm≥ ]mSp≈X√.

37. (4) IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXn B {]tZiØv nehnep≈Xpw D≠mtb°mhp∂Xpamb
s]mXpkz`mhap≈ t]meokv tkhmhiy߃ t]meokns‚ A¿lamb ]cnKWbv°mbn
Is≠ØpIbpw B {]tZiØns‚tbm As√¶n¬ AXns‚ GsX¶nepw `mKØns‚tbm
kpc£ Dd∏m°mp≈ I¿Ω ]≤XnIƒ hnIkn∏nt°≠XpamWv.
(5) IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXn BhiympkcWw tbmKw tNtc≠XmWv.
(6) kanXn tbmKßfn¬ B {]tZisØ s]mXpP߃°v ]s¶Sp°mhp∂XmWv.
(7) IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXn B {]tZiØv kw`hn® Ip‰IrXyßsf°pdn®pw
Ip‰IrXy߃ S°mp≈ km≤yXsb°pdn®pap≈ hnhc߃ t]meokns‚ {i≤bn¬
sIm≠phcphm≥ Hmtcm ]ucsbpw t{]m¬kmln∏nt°≠XmWv.
(8) IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXn°v Hcp {]tXyI BhiyØntm {]tXyI {]tZiØntm
{]tXyI NpaXeIƒt°m Bbn D]kanXn cq]oIcn°mhp∂XmWv.
(9)IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXn°v kpc£nXXzt_m[w, c£mt_m[w, Ip‰IrXy
nhmcWw, nba km£cX F∂nh t{]m’mln∏n°p∂Xnv ]cn]mSnIƒ
BhnjvIcn°mhp∂XmWv.
(10) IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXn°v nba{]Imcap≈ t]meokns‚ bmsXmcp
A[nImchpw C√mØXpw Ip‰mtzjWtam {Iakam[m]metam kanXn kzbw
Gs‰Sp°m≥ ]mSn√mØXpamWv.
65. _o‰v t]meokv tkhw.˛ (1) Hmtcm t]meokv tÃjs‚bpw A[nImctaJe
hnhn[ t]meokv _o‰pIfmbn hn`Pnt°≠Xpw Hmtcm _o‰v {]tZiØnpw ÿnc
ASnÿmØn¬ _o‰p SØp∂Xnv _o‰v]t{SmfpIsf ntbmKnt°≠XpamWv.
(2) Cn ]dbp∂ Imcy߃ _o‰v ]t{Smfns‚ I¿Øhyßfnepw, DØchmZnXzßfnepw,
a‰pImcyßtfmsSm∏w Dƒs∏Sp∂XmWv.˛
(F) B {]tZiØv Xmakn°p∂ IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXnbnse AwKßfpambpw
kmaqly PohnXØn¬ kPoh ]¶mfnØap≈ ]uc∑mcpambpw _‘s∏SpI;
(_n) _o‰v {]tZiØv Ip‰IrXy߃ XSbmp≈ S]SnIƒ Hmtcm kμ¿i
kabØpw AhtemIw sNøpI;

38. (kn) _o‰v {]tZiØv Ip‰hmfnIƒ, Xo{hhmZnIƒ, kmaqlyhncp≤¿, {i≤n°s∏tS≠
A]cnNnX¿ XpSßnbh¿ Ds≠¶n¬, Ahcpambn _‘s∏´ hnhcw tiJcn®v t]meokv
tÃj≥ NpaXebp≈ DtZymKÿs Adnbn°pI;
(Un) {]tXyI nco£WØnv hnt[bcmbn Ip‰hmfnIƒ Bsc¶nepw _o‰v t{]ZiØv
Ds≠¶n¬ Ahtcbpw, {Inan¬ ]›mØew Dffhscbpw Zpxkz`mhap≈hscbpw
nco£n°pI;
(C) A{IaØnv km[yXbp≈ {]mtZinI X¿°ßsf°pdn®v a nem°pIbpw
e`yamb F√m hnhcßtfmSpw IqSn t]meokv tÃjs‚ NpaXebp≈ DtZymKÿs
Adnbn°pIbpw sNøpI;
(F^v) ta¬tm´w hln°p∂ DtZymKÿ¿ {]tZisØ kw_‘n®v
Gev]n®psImSp°p∂ at‰sX¶nepw t]meokv tPmenIƒ n¿Δln°pI;
(Pn) t]meokv tkhw kw_‘n®v s]mXpPßfn¬ n∂p≈ k¶Sßfpw,
]cmXnIfpw tcJs∏SpØn t]meokv tÃjs‚ NpaXebp≈ DtZymKÿs Adnbn°pI;
IqSmsX
(F®v) kμ¿i kabØv n¿Δln® tPmenIsf°pdn®v tcJIƒ kq£n®v Ah
t]meokv tÃjs‚ NpaXebp≈ DtZymKÿv ka¿∏n°pI.
66. s]mXpP߃°v ]mcntXmjnIw ˛ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v k¿°m¿
DØchpIƒ°pw n¿t±i߃°pw hnt[bambn, anI® tkhw ¬InbXntm, Ip‰IrXyw
XSbp∂Xntm, Ip‰mtzjWØntm {Iakam[mtam kpc£tbm KXmKX kpc£tbm
ImØp kq£n°p∂Xntm klmbtam hnhctam ¬Ip∂Xnv s]mXpP߃°v
]mcntXmjnIw hmKvZmw sNømhp∂Xpw AXv evImhp∂XpamWv.
67. elf XSbp∂Xnmbn sI´nShpw ]cnkchpw Gs‰Sp°¬˛ (1) Bk∂amb
elftbm KpcpXcamb kam[m`RvPtam XSbp∂Xntm Aa¿®sNøp∂Xntmth≠n
ÿeØv lmPcp≈ G‰hpw konbdpamb C≥kvs]IvS¿ dm¶n¬ IpdbmØ t]meokv
DtZymKÿv Ccp]Ønmev aWn°qdn¬ IhnbmØ Hcp Imebfhnte°v GsX¶nepw
sI´nStam a‰v ÿetam Xm¬°menIambn AS®nSpItbm Gs‰Sp°pItbm sNømhp∂Xpw
AhnsSn∂pw F√mhscbptam GsX¶nepw BfpItftbm am‰nn¿Ømhp∂Xpw
Bhiysa∂v IcpXp∂ hyhÿIfnt∑¬ n›bn°s∏´ BfpIƒ°v am{Xambn AhnsS
{]thiw ¬Imhp∂Xpw _‘s∏´ F√m BfpIfpw AØcw DØchpIfpkcn®v
s]cpamdm≥ _m[yÿcmbncn°p∂XpamWv.
F∂m¬ AØcw S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°ptºmƒ Aßsbp≈ sI´nStam ÿetam
D]tbmKn°p∂ kv{XoIƒ, Ip´nIƒ, apXn¿∂ ]uc∑m¿, Ignhn¬ hyXykvXXbp≈ BfpIƒ
F∂nh¿°p≠mImhp∂ {]bmk߃ IW°nseSpØv AØcw {]bmk߃ ]camh[n
Hgnhmt°≠XmWv, F∂p am{Xa√ Ccp]Ønmev aWn°qdnptijw Adp]Xv Znhkwhsc
AØcw n¿t±i߃ ¬Ip∂Xnpw S∏nem°p∂Xnpw Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰ns‚
tcJmaqeap≈ DØchv Bhiyambncn°p∂XmWv.

39. (2) Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰nv kzta[bmtbm, (1)˛mw D]hIp∏n≥ Iognepff Hcp DØchnm¬
k¶Sw Ap`hn°p∂ GsX¶nepw Bfns‚ At]£bnt∑tem Aßsbpff GsXmcp
DØchpw d±p sNøpItbm am‰w hcpØpItbm sNømhp∂XmWv.
68. A]ISßtfm Zpc¥ßtfm ssIImcyw sNø¬˛ GsX¶nepw ÿeØv KpcpXcamb
A]IStam Zpc¥tam kw`hn°p∂ kabØv Bk∂hpw KpcpXchpamb
kam[m`RvPØntm s]mXp kam[mewLØntm s]mXpP߃°v Imcyamb
AkuIcyØntm B]Øntm ImcWamIm≥ km≤yXbpff GsX¶nepw X¿°w,
A`n{]mb`n∂X, hnhmZw, Ipg∏w F∂nh AhnsS nen¬°p∂psh∂v ÿeØv lmPcpff
G‰hpw konbdmb t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ IcpXp∂ ]£w, G√m BfpIfpw
s]cpamtd≠sXßssb∂v kμ¿`hpw Bhiyhpw Apkcn®v ymbamb DØchpIƒ
At±lØnv ¬Imhp∂Xpw Aßsbpff DØchpIƒ _‘s∏´ G√m BfpIfpw
Apkcnt°≠XpamWv.
69. A·n_m[, Zpc¥w As√¶n¬ A]ISw D≠mIp∂ Ahkcßfnse S]SnIƒ
(1) A·n_m[tbm Zpc¥tam A]IStam D≠mIp∂ Ahkcßfn¬ GsX¶nepw t]meokv
DtZymKÿtm ^b¿ k¿Δoknse AwKØntm aPnkvt{S‰ntm AØcØnepff Bfns‚
Akm∂n[yØn¬ Hcp ]ªnIv k¿Δ‚ntm Cn ]dbp∂ Imcy߃ sNømhp∂XmWv,
AXmbXv:˛
(F) Pohtm kztØm kwc£n°p∂Xnpff c£mZpcnXmizmk {]h¿Ø߃
XS s∏SpØp∂hsc o°w sNøpItbm o°w sNøm≥ DØchnSpItbm sNøpI;
(_n) c£m ZpcnXmizmk {]h¿Ø߃°v Bhiyamb s]mXphmbtXm
kzImcyambtXm Bb sXcphv As√¶n¬ hgn ASbv°pI;
(kn) Pohpw kzØpw kwc£n°mpff c£mZpcnXmizmk {]h¿ØßfpsS
BhiyØnte°mbn At±lØntm At±lØns‚ n¿t±iØnt∑¬ {]h¿Øn°p∂
h¿t°m, s]mXphmbtXm kzImcyambtXm Bb GXp hf∏nepw IS°pItbm Xpd°pItbm
s]mfn°pItbm tlmkv ss]t∏m a‰v D]IcWßtfm ISØnhnSpItbm sNøpI;
(Un) Pohpw kzØpw kwc£n°p∂Xnv kXzcw Bhiysa∂v tXm∂p∂ {]Imcapff
DNnXhpw ymbhpamb S]SnIsfSp°pI;
(C) Pohpw kzØpw kwc£n°p∂Xn¬ kzImcytam A√msXtbm Bb
D]IcWßtfm a‰v Imcyßtfm Bhiys∏Smhp∂Xpw AXv ssIhiapffh¿ t]meokv
DtZymKÿcpsS n¿t±i{]Imcw ¬tI≠XpamWv.
(2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏n¬ ¬Inbn´pff n¿t±i߃ aqew kw`hn® GsXmcp
mijvShpw, A·n_m[, Zpc¥w As√¶n¬ A]ISw F∂nhbv°mbpff
GsX¶nepw C≥jzd≥kv t]mfnknbpsS A¿∞hym]vXn°pffn¬ hcp∂

40. A·n_m[, Zpc¥w As√¶n¬ A]ISw F∂nhaqeapff C≥jzd≥kv
kwc£WØn¿lamb mijvSambn IcpXs∏tS≠Xpw AØcØnepff
C≥jzd≥kns‚ A`mhØn¬ Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v Xn´s∏SpØntb°mhp∂ XpI ymbamb
jvS ]cnlmcambn _‘s∏´ I£nIƒ°v k¿°mcnv ¬Imhp∂XpamWv.
(3) Cu hIp∏nse bmsXm∂pw GsX¶nepw t]meokv DtZymKÿttbm ^b¿
k¿Δoknse GsX¶nepw AwKsØtbm aPnkvt{S‰nstbm ]ªnIv k¿Δ‚nstbm
ymbamb ImcW߃ C√msX Abmƒ sNbvX GsX¶nepw {]h¿ØnIƒ aqeap≠mb
mijvSßfpsS _m[yXbn¬ n∂pw Hgnhm°p∂X√.
70. t]meokv D]IcWw ssek≥knwKn¬ n∂pw Hgnhm°Wsa∂v;˛ t]meokv
hIp∏ns‚ DSaÿXbn¬ t]meokns‚ GsX¶nepw NpaXeIƒ n¿Δlnt°≠
BhiyØnte°mbn HutZymKnI D]tbmKØnepff D]IcWßsftbm hkvXp°sftbm
GsX¶nepw nbaØn≥ Iogn¬ ssek≥kv FSpt°≠XmsWt∂m GsX¶nepw k¿°m¿
GP≥knt°m ]ªnIv AtXmdn‰nt°m GsX¶nepw hm¿jnI ^otkm, ssek≥kv ^otkm
¬tI≠XmsWt∂m D≈ n_‘Ifn¬ n∂pw k¿°mcnv Hgnhm°mhp∂XmWv.
71. t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ hnhcw apXembh ka¿∏n°msa∂v-˛ GsXmcp t]meokv
DtZymKÿpw GsXmcp HutZymKnI hnhchpw Hcp aPnkvt{S‰v ap≥]msI
ka¿∏n°mhp∂Xpw Ip‰w sNbvX GsX¶nepw BfnsXncmtbm Hcp km[w
I≠p]nSn°p∂Xnmtbm nbaw aqew ka≥tkm, hmdt≠m, sk¿®v ˛ hmdt≠m
AØcØnepff nba]camb a‰v t{]mkkpItfm ]pds∏Sphn°m≥ At]£n°mhp∂Xp
amWv.
A≤ymbw˛6
t]meokv sdKptejpIƒ
72. {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXn ˛ (1) Hmtcm {Kma ]©mbØnepw, apnkn∏men‰nbnepw,
tIm¿∏tdjnepw {Sm^nIv kw_‘amb Imcy߃ {IaoIcn°p∂Xnmbn {Sm^nIv
{IaoIcW kanXnIƒ n¿Æbn°s∏Sp∂ {]Imcw cq]oIcnt°≠XmWv.
(2) {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXnbn¬ _v[s∏´ Xt±i `cWØeh≥
A≤y£mbncnt°≠Xpw Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v, Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn, doPnbW¬
{Sm≥kvt]m¿´v Hm^ok¿, s]mXpacmaØv GIvknIyq´ohv F©nob¿ F∂nh¿ n¿t±iw
sNøp∂ DtZymKÿ¿ AwKßfmbncn°p∂XpamWv.
(3) {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXn , Hmtcm {]tZiØpw 1988 se tamt´m¿ hml BIv‰pw
(1988 se 59), 2007 se tIcf tdmUv tk^v‰n AtXmdn‰n BIv‰pw (2007 se 8) Ahbv°v
Iogn¬ D≠m°nb N´ßƒ°pw hncp≤a√mØ coXnbn¬ s]mXpP߃°v D≠mImhp∂
A]mbw, XS w, AkuIcyw apXembh XSbp∂Xnmbn {Sm^nIv kw_‘n®v Cn∏dbp∂
Imcyßfn¬ DØchpIƒ ]pds∏Sphn°mhp∂Xpw A{]Imcw ]pds∏Sphn°p∂
DØchpIƒ _‘s∏´ hIp∏pIfpw DtZymKÿcpw s]mXpPßfpw ]ment°≠XpamWv.

41. (F) s]mXpÿeßfnse F√m XcØnepap≈ {Sm^n°ns‚ coXnbpw kabhpw
{IaoIcn°pI;
(_n) s]mXpncØneqsS k©cn°p∂hcpsS {i≤ Xncn°mtm Ah¿°v
A]ISIcamImtm km[yXbp≈ coXnbn¬ GsX¶nepw hkvXphn¬ ImWs∏Sp∂ Iamw,
tXmcWw, _m¿, tlm¿UnwKpIƒ, ASbmf߃, {]Xncq]߃, sse‰v D]tbmKn®p≈
{]Z¿i߃, n¿ΩmW{]hrØn, I®hSw, sh¬UnwKv, A¥co£ aenoIcWw,
i_vZieyw, ]mds]m´n°¬, Jw, ]S°ws]m´n°¬, ]´w]d∏n°¬, shSnacp∂p{]tbmKw
F∂nh {IaoIcn°pIbpw Bhiysa¶n¬ o°w sNøpIbpw sNøpI;
(kn) sXcphpIfneqsS XSn, Ig, GWn, Ccpºp ]mfn, _oapIƒ, _mdpIƒ,
t_mbnedpIƒ, I®n, aÆv, ssIImcyw sNøm≥ {]mbmkap≈ a‰v hkvXp°ƒ F∂nh
sIm≠p t]mIp∂Xns‚ hn[hpw coXnbpw {IaoIcn°pI;
(Un) tdmUv D]tbmKn°p∂h¿°v A]ISap≠m°mhp∂ kvt^mSIhkvXp°tfm
As√¶n¬ lmnIcamb cmkhkvXp°tfm s]mXpÿeßfneqsS sIm≠pt]mIp∂Xv
{IaoIcn°pI;
(C) new]Xn°m≥ t]mIp∂ sI´nSßfn¬ nt∂m a‰v ImcWßfmtem D≈ A]ISw
D≠mIpsa∂v ymbamb t_m≤yap≈ kmlNcyßfn¬ Nne sXcphpIƒ AS®nSpItbm
Nne ÿeßfntebv°v Bcpw {]thin°cpsX∂v njvI¿jn°pItbm sNøpI;
(F^v) tdmUcpIn¬ ÿnXn sNøp∂ kzImcy sI´nSØntebv°pw ÿetØbv°pw
sXcphn¬ n∂pw s]mXp ÿeØp n∂pw D≈ {]thiØns‚ coXnbpw am¿§hpw
{IaoIcn°pI;
(Pn) CXp kw_‘n®v kwÿmØntm t]meokv hIp∏ntm GsX¶nepw kmºØnI
_m≤yX hcpØmsX s]mXpP߃°v KXmKX SØn∏n¬ kzta[bm klmbn°mhp∂
coXn n›bn°pI.
(4) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXnbpsS AwKoImcØnv
hnt[bambn ta¬∏d™ Imcyßfn¬ DØchpIƒ ]pds∏Sphn°mhp∂Xpw {]kvXpX
DØchpIƒ Ggv ZnhkØnIw _‘s∏´ {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXn°v
ka¿∏nt°≠XpamWv.
(5) C{]Imcw ka¿∏n°s∏´ DØchpIƒ {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXn
]cnKWnt°≠Xpw DNnXamb Xocpamw ssIsImt≈≠XpamWv.
F∂m¬, {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXnbpsS Xocpamw D≠mIp∂Xphsc Pn√m t]meokv
ta[mhnbpsS DØchpIƒ {]m_eyØn¬ D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv.
6. Hcp Pn√bnse {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXnIfpsS {]h¿Ø߃
GtIm]n∏n°p∂Xnpw Pn√bv°v samØambn ta¬∏d™ Imcyßfn¬ {Sm^nIv
{IaoIcW߃ G¿s∏SpØp∂Xnpw Bbn Hcp Pn√mXe {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXn
k¿°m¿ n¿Æbn°p∂ {]Imcw cq]oIcnt°≠XmWv.

42. 73. ImbnI ]cnioeØns‚ nb{¥Ww˛ (1) n¿Æbn°s∏Smhp∂ Hcp
A[nImcÿmw CXnte°mbn ¬Inbn´p≈ Hcp s]¿an‰nse hyhÿIfpkcn®√msX
bmsXmcmfpw B{IaWtam kzbc£tbm kw_‘n® A`ymkcoXnIƒ Dƒs°m≈p∂
ImbnI ]cnioew s]mXpP߃t°m GsX¶nepw Bfntm BfpIƒt°m ¬IpItbm
kwLSn∏n°pItbm AXn¬ ]s¶Sp°pItbm sNøphm≥ ]mSp≈X√;
F∂m¬ Cu D]hIp∏nse hyhÿIƒ˛
(i)k¿°mcns‚ DSaÿXbntem nb{¥WØntem D≈tXm kwÿmsØ
GsX¶nepw k¿ΔIemimebpambn A^nentb‰v sNbvXn´p≈tXm Bb Hcp hnZym`ymk
ÿm]w AXns‚ ]mTy]≤XnbpsStbm ]T{IaØns‚tbm `mKambn SØp∂tXm;
(ii)tIcf kvt]m¿Svkv Iu¨kn¬ AwKoIcn® Hcp ¢t∫m, Pnwtjytam
¬Ip∂tXm;
Bb GsX¶nepw ]cnioeØnv _m[IamIp∂X√.
(2) GsXmcmfpw Xs‚ DSaÿXbntem ssIhiØntem D≈ GsX¶nepw sI´nStam
]cnkctam C°mcyØn¬ Hcp s]¿an‰v ssIhian√mØ GsX¶nepw Bƒ°v AØcw
ImbnI ]cnioew SØp∂Xnmbn D]tbmKn°p∂Xnv AphZn°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√.
(3) (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏n≥ Iognep≈ s]¿an‰v n¿Æbn°s∏Smhp∂ {]Imcap≈
D]m[nIƒ°pw nb{¥W߃°pw hnt[bambpw A{]Imcap≈ ^okv
¬InbXnptijhpw ¬tI≠XmWv.
(4) Cu BIv‰v AXn≥Iogn¬ D≠m°nbn´p≈ N´ßfpw {]ImcamWv AØcw
]cnioew SØp∂sX∂v Dd∏phcpØp∂Xnmbn ]cnioew SØp∂ GsXmcp
ÿeØpw Hcp k_v C≥kvs]IvSdpsS ]Zhnbn¬ Xmsgb√mØ GsXmcp t]meokv
DtZymKÿpw kzX{¥amb {]thiap≠mbncn°p∂XmWv.
74. s]¿an‰v d±v sNøp∂Xnp≈ A[nImcw ˛ (1) 73˛mw hIp∏ns‚ (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏v
{]Imcw n¿Æbn°s∏´ A[nImcÿmØnv {]kvXpX D]hIp∏n≥ Iogn¬ ¬Inbn´p≈
Hcp s]¿an‰v.˛
(F) AØcw s]¿an‰v ssIhiap≈bmƒ ¬tI≠Xmb GsX¶nepw ^okv
bYmhn[n ¬Inbn´ns√¶ntem;
(_n) s]¿an‰v ssIhiap≈bmtfm AbmfpsS tPmen°mctm As√¶n¬ AbmfpsS
{]Xy£tam ]tcm£tam Bb ApaXntbmSpIqSn Abmƒ°pth≠n {]h¿Øn°p∂
a‰msc¶neptam {]kvXpX s]¿an‰nse GsX¶nepw n_‘Ifpw hyhÿIfpw
ewLn°pIbmsW¶ntem;

43. (kn) AØcw s]¿an‰v ssIhiap≈ Bsf Hcp tImSXn, kZmNmcewLw
kmaqlyhncp≤ {]h¿Ø߃ F∂nh Dƒs∏Sp∂ GsX¶nepw Ip‰Ønv
in£n®n´ps≠¶ntem;
(Un) AØcw s]¿an‰v ssIhiw hbv°p∂ Bƒ 2007˛se tIcf kmaqlyhncp≤
{]h¿Ø߃ XSb¬ BIv‰v (2007se 34) {]Imcw kmaqlyhncp≤ {]h¿Øhpambn
n¿ΔNn°s∏´n´p≈ GsX¶nepw {]h¿ØØn¬ G¿s∏´Xmbn AtzjWØn¬
Is≠Ønbn´ps≠¶ntem;
DØchphgn d±m°pItbm kkvs]‚ v sNøpItbm sNømhp∂XmWv.
(2) (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏n≥Iognse DØchnsXnscbp≈ Hcp A∏o¬ ]cnioew
SØp∂ ÿew ÿnXnsNøp∂ {]tZiØv A[nImcnXbp≈ C≥kvs]IvS¿ Pd¬ Hm^v
t]meokv apºmsI ¬tI≠XmWv.
75. am v{Un¬ ntcm[n°p∂Xnp≈ A[nImcw ˛ (1) Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰nv,
s]mXpkam[mtam s]mXpkpc£tbm kwc£n°p∂Xntm {Iakam[m]meØntm
A{]Imcw sNøp∂Xv BhiyamsW∂v IcpXptºmsgms°bpw Bbpta¥ns°m≠p≈
GsX¶nepw amkv{Unt√m Iq´w tN¿∂p≈ ]cnioetam GsX¶nepw tLmjbm{Xbn¬
Bbp[߃ sIm≠p S°p∂tXm AXn¬ ]s¶Sp°p∂tXm At±lØns‚
A[nImcnXbp≈ GsX¶nepw {]tZiØv s]mXp tm´okpaqetam hy‡nIƒt°m
kwLSIƒt°m ¬Ip∂ DØchv hgntbm ntcm[n°mhp∂XmWv.
hniZoIcWw ˛ Cu hIp∏ns‚ Bhiy߃°mbn “Bbp[߃” F∂m¬ B{IaWw
SØmp≈ Bbp[ambn D]tbmKn°m≥ Ignbp∂ GsXmcp hkvXphpw
F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw AXn¬ GsX¶nepw XcØnep≈ emØntbm hSntbm
Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p.
(2) Cu hIp∏p{]Imcap≈ bmsXmcp ntcm[Ønpw aq∂pamkØn¬ IqSpX¬
{]m_eyap≠mbncn°p∂X√;
F∂m¬, s]mXp kam[mtam s]mXpkpc£tbm kwc£n°p∂Xntm {Ikam[m
]meØntm A{]Imcw sNtø≠Xv BhiyamsW∂v k¿°m¿ IcpXp∂psh¶n¬ AXnv
Kk‰v hn⁄m]w hgn, (1)˛mw D]hIp∏p{]Imcw Hcp aPnkvt{S‰v ]pds∏Sphn®n´p≈
DØchns‚ nba{]Imcap≈ Imemh[n Ahkmn°pambncp∂ Znhkw apX¬ Bdv
amkØn¬ IhnbmsXbp≈ Imebfhnte°v IqSn {]m_eyØn¬ hcpØmhp∂XmWv.
76. GsX¶nepw sXcpthm s]mXpÿetam dnk¿Δv sNøp∂Xnp≈ A[nImcw ˛
Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v k¿°m¿ DØchpIƒ°v hnt[bambn s]mXphmb tm´okpaqew
GsX¶nepw sXcpthm, s]mXpÿetam, GsX¶nepw s]mXpBhiyØnmbn
Xm¬°menIambn o°nhbv°mhp∂Xpw At±lw n›bnt®°mhp∂ n_‘Iƒ
{]Imca√msX A{]Imcw dnk¿Δv sNøs∏´ {]tZiØv P߃ {]thin°p∂Xv
ntcm[n°mhp∂XpamWv.

44. 77. i_vZwaqeap≠mIp∂ ieyw nb{¥n°¬.˛ (1) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v Hcp
{]tZiØv hkn°p∂ s]mXpPØntm, Bfntm, ieyw, D]{Zhw, AtcmNIXzw, lmn
As√¶n¬ A]IS km≤yX F∂nh XSbp∂Xnmbn A{]Imcw sNøp∂Xv Bhiysa∂v
t_m[ys∏Sp∂psh¶n¬ GsX¶nepw sXcphntem Xpd mb ÿetØm, at‰sX¶nepw
sI´nSØntem;
(F) GsX¶nepw hmbv∏mt´m D]IcW kwKoXtam {]kwKtam;
(_n) i_vZw D≠m°pItbm ]pds∏Sphn°pItbm ]px]pds∏Sphn°pItbm
h¿≤n∏n°pItbm sNøm≥ Ignbp∂ GsX¶nepw D]IcWØns‚tbm D]mbØns‚tbm
GsX¶nepw coXnbnep≈ D]tbmKwaqew D≠mIp∂ i_vZßtfm;
(kn) i_vZtam H®tbm D≠m°p∂tXm AXnp ImcWamIp∂tXm Bb GsX¶nepw
I®hStam sXmgntem {]h¿Øtam;
ntcm[n°p∂Xntm {IaoIcn°p∂Xntm th≠n {]tXyIambtXm s]mXphmbtXm
Bb bp‡amb n¿t±i߃ ]pds∏Sphn°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v kzta[bmtbm (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏p{]Imcw
]pds∏Sphn®n´p≈ DØchpaqew k¶Sap`hn°p∂ GsX¶nepw Bfns‚
At]£bnt∑tem Aßsbp≈ GsX¶nepw DØchv d±m°pItbm
cq]t`Zs∏SpØpItbm hyXymks∏SpØpItbm sNømhp∂XmWv.
78. A{Iaw XSbp∂Xnp≈ dKptejpIƒ˛ (1) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v
s]mXpkam[mhpw s]mXpkpc£bpw kwc£nt°≠Xnv Bhiysa∂ kmlNcyßfn¬
n∂v t_m≤yambm¬ ]Xns©p ZnhkØn¬ IhnbmØ kabtØ°v s]mXphmbn
hnfw_cs∏SpØnbtXm hy‡nIsf kwt_m[ sNbvXp sImt≠m D≈ hn⁄m]w hgn
GsX¶nepw ÿeØv˛
(F) ioIcW hkvXpthm, kvt^mSIhkvXp°tfm shSnacp∂pItfm I√pItfm a‰v
ansskepItfm As√¶n¬ ansskepIƒ D≠m°p∂Xntm sXmSpØphnSp∂Xntm
Ignhp≈ D]IcWßtfm B{IaWØnp]tbmKn°m≥ Ignbp∂ GsX¶nepw
Bbp[ßtfm at‰sX¶nepw hkvXp°tfm Xømdm°p∂tXm tiJcn°p∂tXm
sIm≠pt]mIp∂tXm;
(_n) Pohp≈hsctbm arXtZlßsftbm {]Z¿in∏n°p∂tXm ;
(kn) kmapZmbnItam aX]ctam Bb hnImcw Bfn°Øn°p∂tXm, kZmNmcØns‚
s]mXp nehmcsØ [zwkn°p∂tXm s]mXp kam[msØ KpcpXcambn _m[n°p∂tXm
cmjv{SØns‚ kpc£ A]mbs∏SpØp∂tXm Bb Nn{X߃, Nn”߃, π°m¿UpIƒ,
A®Sn® ISemkpIƒ, eLpteJIƒ, ]pkvXI߃, HmUntbm hoUntbm
sd°m¿UnwKpIƒ, UnPn‰¬ sd°m¿UpIƒ, t]mÃdpIƒ, _mdpIƒ F∂nh
Xømdm°p∂tXm, {]Z¿in∏n°p∂tXm, {]Xnn[oIcn°p∂tXm, hnXcWw sNøp∂tXm
{]Ncn∏n°p∂tXm;
GsX¶nepw coXnbn¬ ntcm[n°pItbm nb{¥n°pItbm sNømhp∂XmWv.

45. (2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcapff GsXmcp ntcm[hpw ewLn®psIm≠v GsX¶nepw
Bƒ D]tbmKn®tXm sIm≠pt]mbtXm Bb GsXmcp hkvXphnsbpw Uyq´nbnepff
t]meokv DtZymKÿv ]nSns®Sp°mhp∂XmWv.
79. s]mXpktΩf߃ nb{¥n°¬:˛ (1) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v Hcp {]tZisØ
s]mXpkam[mtam im¥ntbm {Iakam[mtam kwc£n°p∂Xnmbn AØcw S]Sn
ymbbp‡amsW∂v DØat_m≤yw hcnIbmsW¶n¬ GsXmcp coXnbnepapff
s]mXpktΩftam tLmjbm{Xtbm s]mXphmbn hnfw_cw sNbvX hn⁄m]w hgn
AphZn°mhp∂tXm nb{¥n°mhp∂tXm {IaoIcn°mhp∂tXm BWv.
(2) (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏n≥Iogn¬ hnfw_cs∏SpØnb GsXmcp hn⁄m]Ønpw
AXns‚ hnfw_cØobXn apX¬ ]Xn©p ZnhkØn¬ IqSpX¬ {]m_eyw
D≠mbncn°p∂X√.
(3) k¿°mcnv kzta[bmtbm GsX¶nepw hy‡nbpsS At]£bnt∑tem
AtzjWw SØn (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏n≥Iogn¬ D≠m°nb GsXmcp DØchpw d±m°pItbm
t`ZKXn hcpØpItbm AXns‚ Imemh[n o´pItbm sNømhp∂XmWv.
(4) Xnc°pff s]mXpncØpIfnse {]IS߃ PPohnXsØ kmcambn
_m[n°p∂n√msb∂v Dd∏phcpØmmbn k¿°mcnv s]mXphmbtXm {]tXyIambtXm Bb
Hcp DØchneqsS AØcw {]ISßtfm, dmentbm, ktΩftam, n¿±njvS ÿeßfntem
Kc{]tZißfnse GsX¶nepw n¿t±in°s∏´ hgnIfneqsStbm am{Xta SØmhq
F∂v hy‡am°mhp∂XmWv.
80. Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v dKptejpIƒ D≠m°Wsa∂v˛ (1) Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰nv At±lw
DNnXsa∂v IcpXp∂ GsX¶nepw Xt±i {]tZiØv Xt±im[nImcÿmhpw Pn√m t]meokv
ta[mhnbpambn IqSnbmtemNn®v, ImemImeßfn¬ Cn ]dbp∂hbv°mbn
sdKptejpIƒ D≠m°n hn⁄m]w sNømhp∂XmWv.
(F) s]mXpkzØnv tISp]mSv hcpØp∂tXm hrØnloam°p∂tXm
in∏n°p∂tXm s]mXp ipNnXzsØtbm As√¶n¬ ]cnkcsØtbm A]ISs∏Sp
Øp∂tXm Pemibßfpw Pet{kmX pIfpw aens∏SpØp∂tXm Bb GsXmcp
{]hrØnbpw XSbpI;
(_n) Xt±im[nImcÿm߃ Dƒs∏sS £aXbpff A[nImcÿmw
nivNbn°p∂ kabßfnepw ÿeßfnepw A√msX GsX¶nepw s]mXpkvYeØv
GsX¶nepw hkvXp°ƒ nt£]n°p∂Xv XSbpI;
(kn) n¿±njvS dKptejpIƒ°pkrXambn´√msX sXcphpIfnepsStbm
sXcphpIfnse hoSpIfntet°m, sI´nSßfntebvt°m,hoSpIfn¬ nt∂m sI´nSßfn¬
nt∂m hnk¿÷yhkvXp°tfm D]{ZhIcamb hkvXp°tfm km[ßtfm
sIm≠pt]mIp∂Xv Bhiyamb ipNnXzw Dd∏phcpØp∂Xnmbn nb{¥n°pI;

46. (Un) GsX¶nepw sXcphneqsS ]I¿®hym[nItfm kmw{IanItcmKßfpfftXm Bb
BfpIsftbm arKßsftbm arKßfpsStbm apjycpsStbm ihicoctam AhbpsS
`mKßtfm AdhpimeIfn¬ n∂pff D—njvStam amcIamb ssPh cmk ]Zm¿∞ßtfm
CeIvt{SmWnIv thÃpItfm {]Z¿in∏n°p∂tXm sIm≠pt]mIp∂tXm {IaoIcn°pI.
(C) GsX¶nepw sXcpthm, s]mXpÿetam D]tbmKn°p∂h¿°v A]ISw
D≠mtb°mhp∂ XcØnepff sI´nS߃, πm‰vt^mapIƒ a‰pXcØnepff FSp∏pIƒ
F∂nhbpsS n¿ΩmWw A‰Ip‰∏Wn, s]mfn®po°¬ F∂nh {IaoIcn°pI;
(F^v) {Sm^n°ns _m[n°mhp∂ hn[Øn¬ sshZypXn, Pew, amenyn¿Ωm¿÷w,
hnhchnnabw, hm¿Ømhnnabw, n¿Ωm¿÷w, tISp]mSpXo¿°¬, ]ckyw,
IpgnsbSp°¬, th¿Xncn°¬ apXemb Bhiy߃°mbn ncØpIfn¬ GsX¶nepw
{]hrØn Bcw`n°p∂Xnv apºv AØcw {]hrØn kabØv t]meoknv _Z¬ kwhn[mw
sNøp∂Xnpw s]mXpPßfpsS _p≤nap´v eLqIcn°p∂Xnpw AØcØnepff
tPmenIƒ hnhn[ hIp∏pIƒ XΩn¬ GtIm]n∏n®p SØp∂Xnpw _‘s∏´ hIp∏pIfpw
t]meokpw XΩnep≈ GtIm]Ønpap≈ S]SnIƒ BhjvIcn®v {IaoIcn°pI;
(Pn) ]I¿®hym[ntbm kmw{IanItcmKtam XSbp∂Xnv ÿehmknIsfs°m≠v
AhchcpsS DSaÿXbntem ssIhiØntem Dff sI´nShpw ]cnkchpw
ipNnbm°p∂Xnpw AWphnap‡am°p∂Xnpw tcmK_m[nXtcm tcmKw Ds≠∂v
kwibn°s∏Sp∂tXm Bb BfpIsftbm, arKßsftbm am‰n∏m¿∏n°p∂Xnpw
{IaoIcWw sNøpI;
(F®v) hgnbm{X°m¿t°m ]cnkchmknIƒt°m D≠mIp∂ XS ߃,
AkuIcy߃, _p≤nap´pIƒ, A]mbkm≤yX, A]ISw As√¶n¬ apdnhv apXembh
XSbp∂Xnpth≠n;˛
(i) s]mXphnlmcÿeßfpambn _‘s∏´ {]h¿Øßfpw;
(ii) sXcphpIfnepw s]mXpÿeßfnepw AhnsSbpff sI´nSßfnepw s]mXp
kpc£bpambn _‘s∏´ {IaoIcWßfpw;
(iii) ]md s]m´n°epw;
(iv) GsX¶nepw n¿ΩmWw, tISp]mSv Xo¿°¬ As√¶n¬ A‰Ip‰∏Wnbpw;
(v) GsX¶nepw hmWnPy {]h¿Øßfpw;
nb{¥n°pI.

47. (2) A{]Imcap≈ Hmtcm sdKptejpw AXv FhnsSbmtWm S∏nemt°≠Xv AhnsS
{]kn≤oIcnt°≠Xpw _‘s∏´ F√m BfpIfpw BbXv ]men°phm≥
_m≤yÿcmbncn°p∂XpamWv.
81. X¿°w nen¬°p∂ Bƒ°q´ßfnse {Iakam[m]mew ˛ (1) GsX¶nepw
ÿeØv GsX¶nepw XcØnep≈ NStßm {]IStam {]Z¿itam kwLSnXamb
P°q´tam Bbn _‘s∏´v AXns‚ SØn∏ntem AXn¬ ]s¶Sp°p∂Xns∏‰ntbm
Dff Hcp X¿°tam hmKzmZtam nen¬°p∂psh∂pw BbXv kam[m`RvPØnte°v
bn°m≥ km≤yXbps≠∂pw Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰nv t_m≤ys∏´m¬, _‘s∏´ hy‡nIƒ
Fßs s]cpamdWsa∂Xns kw_‘n®v AØcw kmlNcy߃°pkrXambn
At±lØnv DNnXamb DØchpIƒ ¬Imhp∂XmWv.
(2) AØcw DØchpIƒ ]pds∏Sphn°ptºmƒ Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v _‘s∏´
BfpIfpsSbpw I£nIfpsSbpw {]Xy£amb nbamhImi߃°pw GsX¶nepw ÿm]nX
BNmc߃°pw ymbamb ]cnKW ¬Inbncnt°≠XmWv.
(3) Aßsbp≈ F√m DØchpIfpw AXv S∏nem°p∂ {]tZiØv
{]kn≤s∏SptØ≠Xpw _‘s∏´ F√m BfpIfpw BbXnv hnt[bamIpw hn[w
{]h¿Øn°m≥ _m≤yÿcpamWv.
(4) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcap≈ GsXmcp DØchpw A[nImcnXbp≈ Hcp tImSXn
]pds∏Sphn® hn[nt°m DØchntm hncp≤amsW∂v Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰nv
t_m[ys∏SpIbmsW¶n¬ Ah ]n≥hen°pItbm am‰w hcpØpItbm sNtø≠XpamWv.
82. Ahiytkh߃ ¬tI≠ BfpIƒ ˛ (1) Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰ntm k¿°mcntm
GsX¶nepw {]mtZinI ÿeßfn¬ nen¬°p∂ kmlNcy߃ ]cnKWn®psIm≠v,
kam[mw nen¿Øp∂Xnv BhiyambtXm s]mXpP߃°v A]ISw
Hgnhm°p∂Xntm GsX¶nepw A]ISßfn¬ nt∂m Zpc¥ßfn¬ nt∂m Pohpw
kzØnpw A]mbw kw`hn°p∂Xv XSbp∂Xntm th≠n GsX¶nepw BfpIfpsStbm
BfpIfpsS kwLßfpsStbm ÿm]ßfpsStbm sXmgn¬]cambtXm amknItam
imcocnItam ImbnItam Bb tkhßsf Bhiys∏Smpw AØcw BfpIfpw
kwLßfpw ÿm]ßfpw AØcw tkh߃ AhcpsS Ignhns‚ ]camh[n
¬Iphm≥ _m[yÿcmbncn°p∂XpamWv.
(2) AØcw tkhw ¬Ip∂ AfpIfpw ÿm]ßfpw ymbamb {]Xn^eØnpw
Ah¿°v sNehmb XpI aS°n°n´phmpw A¿lcmbncn°p∂Xpw Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v
Aßsbp≈ XpI Ah¿°p ¬Iphm≥ DNnXamb S]Sn kzoIcnt°≠XpamWv.

48. 83. {]tXyI kpc£m taJeIƒ ˛ (1) k¿°mcnv, kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS
ip]m¿ibnt∑tem a‰p hn[Øntem B {]tZiØp≈ hninjvS hy‡nt°m As√¶n¬
kwc£Ww ¬Is∏Sp∂ Bfntm As√¶n¬ AhnsS ÿnXnsNøp∂ GsX¶nepw
{][ms∏´ ÿm]Øntm ]cnkc߃t°m tscbp≈ ISpØ kpc£m`ojWnbpsS
ImcWØm¬, GsX¶nepw {]tZisØ Hcp {]tXyI kpc£m taJebmbn
{]Jym]n°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) k¿°mcnv, Aßsbp≈ {]tXyI kpc£mtaJebnse sI´nS ]cnkc
ßfptSbpw hmlßfptSbpw D]tbmKsØ kw_‘n®pw {]kvXpX {]tZisØ
hy‡nIfptSbpw hmlßfptSbpw hkvXp°fptSbpw o°w kw_‘n®pw ymbamb
nb{¥W߃ n¿t±in°mhp∂Xpw, {]kvXpX nb{¥W߃ ]men°p∂Xnmhiyamb
n¿t±i߃ _‘s∏´h¿°v t]meokptZymKÿ¿ ¬Imhp∂XpamWv.
A≤ymbw 7
tkh hyhÿIƒ
84. tkh hyhÿIƒ k¿°m¿ n›bn°Wsa∂v ˛ 1968 se tIcf ]ªnIv
k¿Δokkv BIv‰ntebpw (1968 se 19) AXn≥Iogn¬ D≠m°nbn´p≈ N´ßfntebpw
hyhÿIƒ°p hnt[bambn t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS nbaw, ]cnioew, iºfw,
ÿewam‰w, a‰v tkh hyhÿIƒ F∂nh s]mXphmbtXm {]tXyIambtXm Bb
DØchn≥ {]Imcw k¿°mcnv n›bn°mhp∂XmWv.
F∂m¬, C¥y≥ t]meokv k¿Δokn¬ AwKßfmbp≈ DtZymKÿsc
kw_‘n°p∂ hyhÿIƒ 1951 se Hmƒ C¥y k¿Δokkv BIv‰pw (1951se 61˛mw tI{μ
BIv‰v) AXns‚ Iognep≈ N´ßfpw {]Imcambncn°Ww.
85. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ A®S°Ønv hnt[bcmbncn°Ww. ˛ t]meokv
DtZymKÿcpw, t]meokv DtZymKÿmbn nban°p∂Xnv sXcs™SpØtijw
]cnioeØn¬ G¿s∏´ncn°p∂ BfpIfpw A®S°w kw_‘n® hyhÿIƒ°v
hnt[bambncn°p∂Xpw Ah¿,˛
(F)k¿°mtcm kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhntbm n›bn°p∂ hn[Øn¬ s]mXp
A`n{]mb {]ISw, kwLwtNc¬, cmjv{Sob {]h¿Øw, I¿ØhyØn¬ n∂pw ]n≥amd¬,
Ahcn¬ n∂pw {]Xo£n°p∂ s]mXphmbXpw kzImcyambXpamb s]cpam‰w F∂nhbn¬
ymbamb nb{¥W߃ kzoIcn°p∂Xnpw;
(_n) AhcpsS nba]camb I¿Øhy߃ nbampkrXambn aXnbmb
ss[cytØmSpw n›bZm¿VytØmSpw n£v]£XtbmSpwIqSn XßfpsS Ignhns‚
]camh[n {]tbmPs∏SpØn n¿Δlnt°≠Xnpw;
(kn) t]meoknv tcns´Sp°mhp∂ Ip‰IrXy߃ XSbp∂Xnpw F√mbvt∏mgpw
nbaw S∏nem°p∂Xnpw XßfpsS F√m Ignhpw nbahnt[bambn
{]tbmPs∏SpØp∂Xnpw;

49. (Un) A[nImcs∏´ taeptZymKÿ¿, aPnkvt{S‰pam¿, PpUojy¬ DtZymKÿ¿
F∂nhcpsS DØchpIƒ nbampkrXw S∏nem°phmpw taeptZymKÿcpsS hy‡amb
ApaXnbn√msX XßfpsS tPmenbn¬ n∂pw kzbw ]n∑mdmXncn°p∂Xnpw;
(C) NpaXes∏´ A[nImcn n›bn°p∂ coXnbnepff bqWnt^mw n›nX
AhkcØnepw n›nX I¿Øhy߃ n¿Δln°ptºmgpw [cn°p∂Xnpw;
(F^v) kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn s]mXphmtbm {]tXyIamtbm ]pds∏Sphn°p∂
DØchpkcn®v Hmtcm I¿Øhyßfn¬ G¿s∏Sptºmgpw a‰v Ahkcßfnepw
s]cpamdp∂Xnpw;
_m[yÿcmbncn°p∂XmWv.
86. t]meokv DtZymKÿ nbaØnpff AtbmKyXIƒ˛ (1) GsXmcmfpw ˛
(F) `mcX ]uc≥ A√mXncn°pItbm;
(_n) A{Itam’pIXtbm Akm∑m¿§nIXtbm Dƒs°mffp∂ Hcp {Inan¬
Ip‰Ønv tImSXn in£n®n´pfftXm;
(kn) amknIamtbm imcocnIamtbm s]cpam‰w sImt≠m t]meokns‚ I¿Øhy߃
n¿Δln°p∂Xnv AtbmKymbtXm;
(Un) cmjv{Sob ]m¿´nbn¬ AwKXzapfftXm t]meokv tkbn¬ nbaw e`n®tijw
tctØ e`n® AwKXzw Ahkmn∏n°m≥ XømdmImXncn°p∂tXm;
(C) GsX¶nepw kmaqlytam, kmwkvImcnItam, aX]ctam, imkv{Xkw_‘ntbm
Bb kwLSbnse `mchmlnXzw k¿°mtcm, kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhntbm, Pn√m
t]meokv ta[mhntbm Bhiys∏´n´pw Dt]£n°phmtm Ahkmn∏n°phmtm
XømdmImXncn°p∂tXm;
(F^v) GsX¶nepw ntcm[n°s∏´n´pff kwLSbn¬ AwKambncn°pItbm;
Bbm¬ t]meokv DtZymKÿmbn nban°s∏Smtm t]meokv DtZymKÿmbn
tPmenbn¬ XpScphmtm A¿lXbn√mbncn°p∂XmWv.
(2) Hcp hy‡ns°Xnsc tImSXnbn¬ A{Itam’pIXbv°pw Akm∑m¿§nI
{]h¿ØnIƒ°pw {Inan¬ tIkv nehneps≠¶nepw Abmƒ°v t]meokv
DtZymKÿmbn nbaØn¬ ]s¶Sp°p∂Xnpw sXcs™Sp°s∏Sp∂Xnpw
]cnioeØnpw A¿lXbp≠mbncn°psa¶nepw Abmƒ Ip‰hnap‡mbtijw am{Xta
ÿncw nbaØnv A¿lXbp≠mbncn°pIbpffq.

50. (3) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ nbaØnv tijw Ft∏msg¶nepw (1) ˛mw
D]hIp∏n¬ (F) apX¬ (F^v) hscbpff Cßfn¬ Dƒs∏´n´pffXmbn
Is≠ØpIbmsW¶n¬ {]kvXpX DtZymKÿs DSs Xs∂ nba A[nImcn°v
kkvs]‚ v sNømhp∂Xpw, adn®v sXfnbn°p∂Xnv ymbamb Ahkcw ¬InbXnv
tijw Abmsf DtZymKØn¬ n∂pw ]ncn®phnSpItbm, o°w sNøpItbm, n¿_‘ambn
hncan∏n°pItbm sNømhp∂XpamWv.
87. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ kXy{]Xn⁄ sNtø≠XmWv˛ (1) Cu BIv‰v Apkcn®v
t]meokv tkbn¬ tNcp∂ Hmtcm AwKhpw ]cnioew hnPbIcambn
]q¿Ønbm°n°gn™v nbam[nImcn°v apºmsItbm At±lØm¬ nbp‡mb Hcp
hy‡nbpsS apºmsItbm n›nX coXnbnepff Hcp {]Xn⁄ FSp°phm≥ _m[yÿmWv.
(2) A{]Imcw {]Xn⁄ FSp°phm≥ Hcmƒ hnkΩXn°pIbmsW¶n¬ AbmfpsS
nbaw Akm[phmIp∂XmWv.
88. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿°v A[nImcØns‚ tcJ ¬tI≠XmWv.˛(1) Hcp hy‡n
t]meokv DtZymKÿmbn nban°s∏Sp∂tXmsS B hy‡n°v Cu BIv‰v Apkcn®v
t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ NpaXeIƒ n¿Δln°p∂Xnv A[nImcs∏SpØp∂ tcJ
¬tI≠XmWv.
F∂m¬, k¿°m¿ n›bn®n´pff ]cnioe ]cn]mSn hnPbIcambn
]q¿Ønbm°msX Hcp hy‡nsb t]meokv DtZymKÿmbn nban°phm≥ ]mSpffX√.
(2) hnPbIcambn ]cnioew ]q¿Ønbm°p∂ Hcp hy‡nbpsS ]cnioe Imebfhv
n¿Æbn°s∏Sp∂ {]Imcw Uyq´nbmbn ]cnKWn°p∂XmWv.
89. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ G√mbvt∏mgpw Uyq´nbnembncn°psa∂v˛ Ah[nbntem,
kkvs]‚ v sNbvXn´pfftXm, {]tXyIambn Hgnhm°nbn´p≈tXm A√msXbpff apgph≥
t]meokv DtZymKÿcpw Cu BIv‰v Apkcn®pff F√m Imcy߃°pw, G√mbvt∏mgpw
I¿Øhy n¿ΔlWØnv _m[yÿcpw, GXp kabØpw kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn
Xocpamn°p∂Xv Apkcn®v C¥ybnse GXp `mKØpw tPmen sNøp∂Xnv
_m[yÿcpambncn°pw.
90. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ GXp hn`mKØnepw tkhapjvTn°Wsa∂v˛ kwÿm
t]meoknse apgph≥ t]meokv DtZymKÿcpw Ahsc sXcs™SpØXpw, nban®Xpw
GXphn`mKØnemsW¶nepw, kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhn DØchnSp∂]£w Ah¿
t]meokv tkbn¬ n¿Δlnt°≠ GsXmcp tPmenbnepw Xm¬°menIambn
nban°s∏Sphm≥ _m[yÿcmWv.
91 t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ I¿ØhyØn¬ n∂v ]n≥amdphm≥ ]mSn√mØXmsW∂v ˛
(1) kwÿm t]meokv ta[mhnbptStbm, At±lw A[nImcs∏SpØnb DtZymKÿs‚tbm
hy‡amb ApaXnbn√msX Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿpw Xs‚ DtZymKØn¬ n∂pw
cmPn hbv°pItbm, I¿ØhyØn¬ n∂v kzbw ]n≥amdpItbm sNøphm≥ ]mSp≈X√.

51. (2) nbampkcWw Ah[nbn¬ {]thin®v tPmenbn¬ n∂pw hn´p n¬°p∂ Hcp
DtZymKÿ≥ AphZn® Ah[nbpsS Imemh[n ]q¿Ønbm°nbtijw ymbamb ImcWw
IqSmsX XncnsI tPmenbn¬ {]thin°p∂ns√¶n¬ B DtZymKÿ≥ Cu hIp∏n¬
kqNn∏n®n´p≈ coXnbn¬ tPmenbn¬ n∂v kzbw hn´p n¬°p∂Xmbn
IW°m°php∂XmWv.
92. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ a‰v sXmgnen¬ G¿s∏ScpsX∂v ˛ kvs]jy¬ t]meokv
DtZymKÿ¿ HgnsIbp≈ GsXmcp t]meokv DtZymKÿpw Cu BIv‰v {]Imcap≈ tPmen
A√msX a‰v bmsXmcp sXmgnentem, DtZymKØntem G¿s∏Sphm≥ ]mSp≈X√.
93. kkvs]≥jnep≈ t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ A[nImcw hnntbmKn°cpsX∂v ˛
(1) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ Xm≥ hln°p∂ XkvXnIbn¬ n∂pw kkvs]≥jn¬
Bbm¬ B t]meokv DtZymKÿn¬ n£n]vXamb A[nImcßfpw {]tXyI
AhImißfpw C√mXmIp∂XmWv.
(2) kkvs]‚ v sNøs∏Sp∂Xnv apºv _m[Iambncp∂ A®S°w kw_‘n®
N´ßƒ°pw nb{¥W A[nImcnIƒ°pw kkvs]‚ v sNøs∏´ Bƒ ]q¿Æambpw
hnt[bmbncn°p∂XmWv.
(3) Hcp DtZymKÿv Xs‚ tcn´p≈ ta¬tm´Øn¬ {]h¿Øn°p∂ Xmgv∂
]Zhnbnep≈ DtZymKÿs AbmfpsS n›nXamb NpaXeIfn¬ n∂v Abmƒ
kkvs]≥jn¬ As√¶n¬ t]mepw GXv kabØpw ]q¿Æamtbm `mKnIamtbm am‰n
n¿Ømhp∂XmWv.
(4) (3) ˛mw D]hIp∏v Apkcn®v S]Sn kzoIcn°p∂ DtZymKÿ≥, nb{¥Ww
G¿s∏SpØn Ccp]Ønmev aWn°qdnIw S]Sn°p≈ ImcWßfpw hkvXpXIfpw
nbam[nImcnsb tcJmaqew Adnbnt°≠Xpw nbam[nImcn Ggv ZnhkØnp≈n¬
S]Sn ÿncoIcn°pItbm t`ZKXn sNøpItbm sNøp∂ns√¶n¬ nb{¥W S]SnIƒ°v
km[pX C√mXmhp∂XpamWv.
94. t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS tPmen kabw˛ (1) t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿
BhiympkcWw F{X kabw tPmen sNøphmpw _m[yÿcmsW¶nepw km[mcWbmbn
Hcp Znhkw F´v aWn°qdn¬ IqSpX¬ tPmen Ahcn¬ n∂v {]Xo£n°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√.
(2) Hgnhm°mmImØtXm ASnb¥nctam Bb tPmen D≠mIptºmƒ t]meokv
DtZymKÿcpsS tPmen kabw Hcp Znhkw F´v aWn°qdn¬ IqSmhp∂XmWv.

52. F∂m¬, GsX¶nepw Ccp]Ønmev aWn°q¿ Imebfhn¬ F´v aWn°qdne[nIw
tPmen sNbvXp F∂ ImcWØm¬ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿpw taeptZymKÿcpsS
ApaXnbn√msX Xn°v ¬Is∏´ GsX¶nepw tPmen sNømXncn°pItbm, GsX¶nepw
ASnb¥nctam AXymhiytam Bb tPmenbn¬ n∂v kzbw ]n≥hmßpItbm sNøm≥
]mSp≈X√.
95. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ `ocpXzw {]ISn∏n°cpsX∂v ˛ (1) t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿
nba]camb NpaXe n¿Δln°p∂XnnSbn¬ kmlNcyØnv ApkrXambn imcocnI
A]ISkm≤yX tcnSp∂Xnv k∂≤cmbncnt°≠XmWv.
(2) `ocpXzwaqew Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ Xs‚ tPmen°nSbn¬ ymbamb
{]hrØnbn¬ n∂v ]n≥amdpItbm Aymbamb {]hrØnbn¬ G¿s∏SpItbm sNøm≥
]mSp≈X√.
(3) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ Xs‚ nba]camb NpaXe ndth‰p∂Xn¬ n∂pw
GsX¶nepw hy‡ntbmtSm hkvXphntmtSm D≈ `bwaqew A[nIrXambn
]n≥hmßpIbmsW¶n¬ B DtZymKÿs `ocpXzØnv Ip‰°mcmbn IcptX≠XmWv.
(4)Hcp {]hrØnaqew Bk∂acWtam KpcpXcamb ]cnt°m Dd∏mWv F∂v
ymbambpw IcpXmhp∂ kmlNcyØn¬ B {]hrØn kzta[bm sNøphm≥ Hcp t]meokv
DtZymKÿtbpw Cu hIp∏nep≈ bmsXm∂pw Xs∂ n¿_‘n°p∂X√.
96. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ AgnaXnbpw ]oUhpw dnt∏m¿´v sNøWsa∂v ˛ (1) Xs‚
km∂n≤yØnepw Xn°v hy‡ambn Adnbmhp∂ kmlNcyØnepw AgnaXntbm
IÃUnbnep≈ HcmfnsXncmbn Ip‰IrXyw kΩXn∏n°p∂Xntm sXfnhp≠m°p∂Xntm
th≠nbp≈ imcocnI ]oUtam S°pIbmsW∂v Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿv DØa
t_m≤yw D≈ kmlNcyØn¬, BbXv tcn´v NpaXes∏´ sU]yq´n t]meokv
kq{]≠nstbm Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhntbtbm Adnbn°phm≥ B t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥
_m[yÿmbncn°p∂XmWv.
(2) DØahnizmktØmSpIqSn A{]Imcw Adnbn°p∂Xv Xs∂°mƒ Db¿∂
t{iWnbnep≈ DtZymKÿsXnscbmWv F∂p≈ ImcWØm¬ am{Xw B {]hrØn
A®S°ewLambn IW°m°m≥ ]mSp≈X√.
(3) A{]Imcw Adnbn®n√ F∂ H‰°mcWØm¬ Hcp t]meokptZymKÿ≥ {]kvXpX
AgnaXnbntem, ]oUØntem ]¶mfnbmtbm kwc£Imtbm klmbnbmtbm
{]h¿Øn®p F∂v IcpXs∏Sphm≥ ]mSp≈X√.
F∂m¬, A{]Imcw Adnbn°mXncn°p∂ t]meokptZymKÿs hIp∏pXe
A®S° S]SnIƒ°v hnt[bmt°≠XmWv.
97. t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS Ipd™ DtZymK Imemh[n˛ (1) kwÿm t]meokv
ta[mhn, td©ns‚ NpaXebp≈ C≥kvs]IvS¿ Pd¬am¿, t]meokv Pn√bpsS
NpaXebp≈ t]meokv kq{]≠pam¿ As√¶n¬ IΩojW¿am¿, tÃj≥ lukv
B^ok¿am¿ F∂nh¿°v G‰hpw Ipd™Xv c≠v h¿jw DtZymKImemh[n k¿°m¿
Dd∏mt°≠XmWv.