Male infertility can be caused by abnormal sperm production due to health problems like diabetes, enlarged veins in the testes, exposure to chemicals or radiation, infection, hormone imbalances, chromosome defects, or emotional stress. Female infertility can be due to ovulation disorders from conditions like PCOS or tumors, uterine or cervical abnormalities, endometriosis, fallopian tube damage from infections, or thyroid problems. The document discusses various medical causes of both male and female infertility.

1. Causes of infertility
By: Mushref

2. Male infertility

3.  Abnormal sperm production or
function due to various problems, such
as undescended testicles, genetic defects,
health problems including diabetes .
 Enlarged veins in the testes can increase
blood flow and heat, affecting the number
and shape of sperm.

4.  Overexposure to certain chemicals
and toxins, such as pesticides,
radiation, alcohol, and steroids
(including testosterone) frequent
exposure to heat , chemotherapy

5.  Infection. Some infections can interfere
with sperm production or sperm health or
can cause scarring that blocks the
passage of sperm. These include
inflammation of the epididymis
(epididymitis) or testicles (orchitis) and
some sexually transmitted infections

6.  Hormone imbalances. Infertility
can result from disorders of the
testicles themselves or an
abnormality affecting other
hormonal systems including the
hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid
and adrenal glands

7.  Chromosome defects. Inherited
disorders such as Klinefelter's
syndrome in which a male is born
with two X chromosomes and one
Y chromosome

8.  Emotional stress. Stress can
interfere with certain hormones
needed to produce sperm. Severe or
prolonged emotional stress, including
problems with fertility, can affect
sperm count.

9. Female infertility

10.  Ovulation disorders, which prevent the
ovaries from releasing ovum . Examples
hormonal disorders such as polycystic
ovary syndrome, a condition that relate
to ovaries producing too much of the
male hormone testosterone, or
hyperprolactinemia
 Other underlying causes may include
excessive exercise, eating disorders, or
tumors.

11.  Uterine or cervical
abnormalities, including problems with
the opening of the cervix or cervical
mucus, or abnormalities in the shape or
cavity of the uterus. Benign tumors in the
wall of the uterus that are common
(uterine fibroids) interfering with
implantation of the fertilized ovum .

12.  Endometriosis, which occurs
when endometrial tissue implants
and grows outside of the uterus
 often affecting the function of the
ovaries, uterus and fallopian
tubes.

13.  Fallopian tube damage or
blockage, which usually results from
inflammation of the fallopian tube
(salpingitis). This can result from
pelvic inflammatory disease, usually
caused by sexually transmitted
infection .

14.  Thyroid problems. Disorders of
the thyroid gland, either
hyperthyroidism hypothyroidism,
can interrupt the menstrual cycle
or cause infertility