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AS Christmas Revision ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],NOTE : to open a  hyperlink  – either click on it when you are in fullscreen mode or right click and then “open hyperlink” SECOND NOTE: this might not be exhaustive (ie have everything) so use this in conjuction with your syllabus! (also on intranet) to check you haven’t missed anything
Cells alive Scale Demo ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],© Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original Week 1
[object Object],© Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original Week 1 Please note that magnification sizes are subject to variation on different screens Try it then move this box to see if you’re right
100 μ m = 0.1 mm
Inner Workings of a Cell  – soundtracked Inner Workings Harvard  – extended narrated version First click on the first link then try and call out what organelles you are looking at aloud! (do this in a private place otherwise you will look like a nutcase) Then click on the second one to see if you were right Then try this link for professor MegaCell Game… Organelles Game Organelles Revision – use your powerpoints we made in class to revise. Then…
Mitochondria : Where  respiration  happens.  Energy  is generated in a chemical reaction between  glucose  and  oxygen Nucleus: Contains  DNA  in big bundles called  chromosomes .  These carry your  genes  which control your  characteristics Ribosomes: Your nucleus sends DNA messages to these instructing them what to  build .  They make  proteins  (including  enzymes )
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Prokaryotic Cell
Some specialised cells – use your ppts to revise
[object Object],© Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original Week 3 Membranes Revision These will spontaneously form structures when mixed with water – a micelle, vesicle or a bilayer This is so that hydrophobic bits are shielded from water and hydrophilic bits are next to the water.. Heres a  simulation
[object Object],© Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original Week 3 Great explanation of how phospholipids for bilayers Explanation
[object Object],© Pearson Education Ltd 2008 This document may have been altered from the original Some Youtube vids and simulations… Membrane transport overview
Diffusion Diffusion is when something travels from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.  For example, consider the scent from a hamburger. Oxygen passes into cells by diffusion I took this slide from a GCSE powerpoint.  For you at AS – remember only  Small or Non-Polar (hydrophobic ) molecules can pass through the phospholipid bilayer The “scent particles” from this hamburger are in high concentration here: Eventually they will “diffuse” out into this area of low concentration:
Simple Diffusion
Osmosis Osmosis is the net movement of water from an area of its high concentration to an area of its low concentration across a partially-permeable membrane. Shuffle these around to get the definition – I’ve done the first one for you  Remember :  At AS level we talk about WATER POTENTIAL in terms of  Ψ  (psi) Maximum  Ψ  = 0 (pure water) Low  Ψ  = -500KPa (v. salty water) Note negative values
Facilitated Diffusion – Channel Protein animation
Facilitated Diffusion – Carrier Protein animation
When a carrier or channel just isn’t big enough…  BULK TRANSPORT
Active Vs Passive Transport ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Cell Cycle Mitosis is the division of a nucleus The cell cycle describes the life cycle of a cell (duh) Mitosis  is the birth of a new cell (stricly speaking mitosis and  cytokinesis ) After this the cell must  grow (G1) Then it decides whether to head towards division again (a checkpoint) Then  DNA is copied  ( S phase  – part of interphase) Then it grows again and the centriole is copied ( G2 ) before it can do mitosis again
Mitosis In case your wondering – blue stuff is chromosomes (hoescht stain) and green stuff is GFP modified microtubules (spindle and cytoskeleton) 1.Interphase: DNA Copied 2. Prophase – chromosomes condensing 3. Metaphase – chromosomes line up on equator 4. Anaphase – chromosomes move to opposite poles 5. Telophase: chromosomes reach poles 5. Cytokinesis (not part of mitosis) = cell division A cell – start here AMAZING VIDS:  Watch the chromosomes wiggle about Synchronised mitosis in a maggot ( urgh !)
More mitosis ,[object Object],[object Object]
Stem Cells and differentiation How does an embryo go from all the same cell to about 210 cell types in an adult person?? Watch this  zebrafish  do it speeded up (you don’t need to know the annotations)
[object Object],[object Object]

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As christmas revision3

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. 100 μ m = 0.1 mm
  • 6. Inner Workings of a Cell – soundtracked Inner Workings Harvard – extended narrated version First click on the first link then try and call out what organelles you are looking at aloud! (do this in a private place otherwise you will look like a nutcase) Then click on the second one to see if you were right Then try this link for professor MegaCell Game… Organelles Game Organelles Revision – use your powerpoints we made in class to revise. Then…
  • 7. Mitochondria : Where respiration happens. Energy is generated in a chemical reaction between glucose and oxygen Nucleus: Contains DNA in big bundles called chromosomes . These carry your genes which control your characteristics Ribosomes: Your nucleus sends DNA messages to these instructing them what to build . They make proteins (including enzymes )
  • 11. Some specialised cells – use your ppts to revise
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15. Diffusion Diffusion is when something travels from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. For example, consider the scent from a hamburger. Oxygen passes into cells by diffusion I took this slide from a GCSE powerpoint. For you at AS – remember only Small or Non-Polar (hydrophobic ) molecules can pass through the phospholipid bilayer The “scent particles” from this hamburger are in high concentration here: Eventually they will “diffuse” out into this area of low concentration:
  • 17. Osmosis Osmosis is the net movement of water from an area of its high concentration to an area of its low concentration across a partially-permeable membrane. Shuffle these around to get the definition – I’ve done the first one for you Remember : At AS level we talk about WATER POTENTIAL in terms of Ψ (psi) Maximum Ψ = 0 (pure water) Low Ψ = -500KPa (v. salty water) Note negative values
  • 18. Facilitated Diffusion – Channel Protein animation
  • 19. Facilitated Diffusion – Carrier Protein animation
  • 20. When a carrier or channel just isn’t big enough… BULK TRANSPORT
  • 21.
  • 22. The Cell Cycle Mitosis is the division of a nucleus The cell cycle describes the life cycle of a cell (duh) Mitosis is the birth of a new cell (stricly speaking mitosis and cytokinesis ) After this the cell must grow (G1) Then it decides whether to head towards division again (a checkpoint) Then DNA is copied ( S phase – part of interphase) Then it grows again and the centriole is copied ( G2 ) before it can do mitosis again
  • 23. Mitosis In case your wondering – blue stuff is chromosomes (hoescht stain) and green stuff is GFP modified microtubules (spindle and cytoskeleton) 1.Interphase: DNA Copied 2. Prophase – chromosomes condensing 3. Metaphase – chromosomes line up on equator 4. Anaphase – chromosomes move to opposite poles 5. Telophase: chromosomes reach poles 5. Cytokinesis (not part of mitosis) = cell division A cell – start here AMAZING VIDS: Watch the chromosomes wiggle about Synchronised mitosis in a maggot ( urgh !)
  • 24.
  • 25. Stem Cells and differentiation How does an embryo go from all the same cell to about 210 cell types in an adult person?? Watch this zebrafish do it speeded up (you don’t need to know the annotations)
  • 26.