Keynote to the CEC at McMaster on 20th September.

1. The21st CenturyTeachingand
LearningLandscape:A Timeof
RenaissanceandChange
Stephen Murgatroyd, PhD FBPsS FRSA
Chief Innovation Officer
Contact North | Contact Nord

2. What’sItAll
About?
 This presentation has three components:
 A Brief History of the Future
 The Implications of This Future for the
Nature of Learning
 Some Opportunities to Reimagine Teaching
and Learning

3. FiveForces
Shapingthe
Future
1. Governments and their relationships with public
institutions – austerity, accountability and complexity.
2. New forms of organizations and new patterns of work. –
the “uberization” of organizations and the “gig” economy.
3. Technological change shifting the focus of work,
productivity and performance:
1. Artificial Intelligence
2. Robotics
3. 3D Printing
4. Stem-Cell Therapies and new approaches to medical
treatment.
5. New materials (e.g. graphene)
4. Environmental shifts – 9 billion people by 2050 and
climate change.
5. Changes in social behaviour and “consciousness” – new
patterns of social interaction, social engagement and new
understandings of relationships between people, people
and work, people and society, people and the planet.

4. Contingentand
SelfEmployment
Growing
Year Total Self-
Employed
(Canada)
1987 1,699,100
2007 2,598,600
2017 2,875,900
 By the year 2015 in Canada, app. 40% of the workforce were
contingent workers – contracted for service rather than
employees. 16% declare themselves in this way as self-
employed. The contingent workforce doubled since 2008.
 Largest number of contingent workers are young people
under the age of 35.
 Canada has the 3rd largest contingent workforce in the world
behind New Zealand (#1) and the US (#2).
 75% of the university sector are contingent workers
(sessional, part-timers).

5. TheGigEconomy
IStheEconomy..  Worldwide, 40% of the world’s workforce are
contingent workers and this number is
expected to rise to 60% by 2020.
 In the Fortune 100 companies, contingent
workers make up 30% of the workforce, but
predictions are that will soon rise to 50%.

6. NotOnlyHasWHO
isworkingchanged,
butWHATtheydo
hastoo
 Manufacturing more focused on the management of technology
than production activity – maintenance.
 Artificial intelligence + design = new thinking about process.
 Office work has changed – 24x7 access, process based work,
globalization of work..
 Most gains in productivity arise from deployment of technology –
we need to learn to dance with robots
BMW Mini Plant at Cowley, Oxford UK
A customized car every 61 seconds

7. Idea2:MoreChangeto
Come
Technology

8. Emerging
Technology:3D
Printing
 Local Motors (Phoenix, Arizona) crowdsources design and
engineering and then 3D prints its components / body.
 Manufactures customized versions on demand.
 Manufactures all forms of transport, including snowmobiles,
water based vehicles and public transport.
 First driverless 3d printed public bus now operating in
Helsinki and will soon operate in Calgary

9. 3DPrinting
Quickly
Emerging…
 A group of Dutch engineers have printed a bridge crossing a Dutch canal
using an “arm printer”, overcoming the size limitations of 1st and 2nd
generation 3D printers.
 Apis Cor (San Francisco) 3D printed a house in 24 hours at a cost of
$12,000US that met the California building code.
 3D medical devices – prosthetics, stents, dental devices and other – already
a fast growing sector: the ability to personalize / customize a strong
attractor.
 Using a cell phone as a printer (light from the phone used on polymers to
print) Elon Musk and his engineers at SpaceX have created a 3D printed
SuperDraco rocket engine. This got off the ground in 2016.
 3D printing now includes:
 Aerospace parts (European Space Agency)
 Metal parts using various metals and graphene
 Props and materials for films / TV
 Shoes and clothing
 Bones, skin and body parts
 Tires and car parts

10. Robotics
 Forget many of the images you have of what robots are
and what they can do..
 Imagine..
 Robotic kitchens which can produce meals on demand..
 Robotic weapons and fight systems
 Self-driving cars, buses, trains and trucks likely to
replace current transport systems over time – potential
displacement of some 3.5 million North American
workers by 2030
 570,000 surgeries in 2014 were robotically assisted in
the US

11. Artificial
Intelligence(AI)  Offering an analysis of an MRI scan – suggesting clinical pathways
based on “best possible” understanding
 Predicting student behaviour and offering learning resources based on
student activity …Blackboard / IBM Watson partnership..
 Counselling and personal therapy..
 Supports for design and creativity
 Man-machine interfaces for better productivity – especially in
manufacturing, financial services and health
The Singularity – Where AI is smarter than
the collective intelligence of the species

12. Idea2:MoreChangeto
Come
Demography

13. BasicDemography(Canada) By 2030, 30% of Canadians will be over 60 years of age
 There will be 2 working age people in Canada for each
retiree – down from 4 in 2015.
 More seniors than students in K-12 for the first time.
The Age of
the Senior

14. By2050:More
Demographic
Shocks..
 Global population will exceed 9 billion
 The proportion of the world’s population over 65 will double
 There will be over 400 million persons over 80 – 4x the present number
 80% of those 65 or older will live in low or middle income countries
 For the first time in history, there will be more people over 65 than under 14
 In Italy, Japan and Spain 1 in 3 will be over 65

15. Economic
Geography–Shift
Happens!
 2.3 billion new middle class consumers will emerge by 2030,
mainly in Asia, India and Africa
 By 2025 almost 50% of the world’s billion dollar companies will be
headquartered in emerging markets, not in North America or
Europe (41% of them are already Asian based)
 425 major cities will fuel the global economy – 315 of them are in
Asia

16. Changesinthe
Workforce
 Shift from routine work to creative
employment..
 Replacement of routine work with technology –
think secretarial services, banking, insurance,
travel..
 Higher education key to future employment,
especially college / polytechnic education

17. AllofWhich
GivesRiseTo..
 Increased pressure on Governments for $$ at a time
when the tax base is shrinking
 Increased pressure on schools, colleges and universities
to engage in both the skills agenda but also a new focus
on resilience and adaptability
 Increased pressure to accelerate program completion,
offer more flexible routes to success and engage in new
and imaginative programming.

18. AManifestation
ofWhich…
 The Government preoccupation with “The Skills
Gap” – which is actually complex..
 Gap 1: The Basic Gap: The Gap Between What
Employers are Seeking and What they Can Find
 Gap 2: The Expectations Gap – The Gap Between What
an Employee Expects to Experience at Work and What
they Actually Find Themselves Doing
 Gap 3: The Productivity Gap – The Skills We Need to
Develop to Significantly Improve Productivity
 Gap 4: The Leverage Gap – The Underutilization of
Skills in the Workforce
 Gap 5: The Futures Gap – The Gap Between Current
Skill Sets and the Skills We Need to Become Competitive
in the 4th Industrial Revolution
 Gap 6: The Innovation Gap - The Skills We Need to Build
a More Innovative and Sustainable Economy

19. andanew
understanding
of“SELF”
 A variety of substantial surveys of
Millennials (born between 1981 and
2000) show that they see themselves as:
 “Awesome”
 Capable
 Confident
 Connected
 Open to Change
 Work-Life Balance
 High Expectations for Themselves and
Society

20. NewThinkingAbout
Learning

21. 5Important
Developments
 Modular, Stackable, Programs Which are
Competency Driven
 Personalized Learning Through Flexible
Certificates, Diplomas and Degrees
 MOOC’s for credit
 Work-Based Learning Accreditation and
Accelerated Prior Learning Assessment
 Learning Passports (e-Portfolios)

22. KeyComponents
ofEmergent
LearningSystems
 It’s about meeting learner needs and expectations.
Quality is about engagement, value creation and
competencies.
 Assessment is the core work.
 Competency Based Assessment using Valid8 or a
similar system for video-based assessment linked to an
e-portfolio and the use of AI to generate assessments
for 365x24 hour assessment opportunities.
 Micro Credit – (0.25, 0.3, 0.5, 1) which are stackable to
3 credit transferable courses.
 Formal programs, laddering (stacks), and shell
programs which provide for flexibility, change and
adaptability
 Personalized and adaptive learning systems

23. 7 ChangesThat
MakethePoint..
 Malaysia uses MOOC’s for Year 1 and 2 of public
university programs. Free to study, students pay for
assessment and credits gained are acceptable in any
public university.
 University of Wisconsin (and 6 others) have degrees
based entirely of the demonstration of competency and
capability. No teaching, just assessment and student
advising.
 Charles Guttman Community College in New York
uses e-portfolios (learning passports) to determine the
learning agendas and performance of students.
 Kentucky Technical and Community College System
offers modular, stackable micro-courses for its
university transfer – 365 admission, 2-3 week courses.

24. …and…
 Learning analytics enabling rapid intervention to
increase completions and student engagement and
improvements in course design (Blockchain technology
also being deployed).
 Machine learning / AI used to both generate
assessment items, grade assessments and ensure
equity in assessment.
 IBM Watson now being used to personalize learning
(together with adaptive learning engines, such as
Brightspace within D2L).

25. TheInBetween
Time
We’re in the midst of a significa nt
change.A..
In Between
Time
Time and the Investment of Energy and Effort
SystemMaturity
Industrial
Form of
Schooling / 3rd
Way Policies
21st Century for
of Personalized
Learning in
School and
Community / 4th
Way Policies
Paradigm Shi
The Future School in the In Between
Time

26. So…
“You cannot cross a chasm in two small leaps …it takes
courage to lead…”

27. InConclusion..
“The future isn’t a straight line from the past..”

28. Connect..
 murgatroydstephen@gmail.com
 @murgatroydsteph
 www.stephenmurgatroyd.com