Gas Exchange in Animals: Adaptations in Mammals and Fish

GAS EXCHANGE IN ANIMALS We will be studying the diversity of adaptations for this process in two animal groups: Mammals Fish

AN OVERVIEW ,[object Object],C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O ,[object Object],glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water

THE SOURCE OF OXYGEN ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

GAS EXCHANGE SURFACES ,[object Object],Diffusion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

GAS EXCHANGE SURFACES ,[object Object],A circulatory system may operate in tandem with the gas exchange system to maintain the concentration gradient

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],STRUCTURE OF THE GAS EXCHANGE SURFACE

WATER AS A GAS EXCHANGE MEDIUM ,[object Object],BUT O 2 concentrations in water are low , especially in warmer and/or saltier water SO the gas exchange system must be very efficient to get enough oxygen for respiration

GETTING OXYGEN FROM WATER: FISH GILLS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

GETTING OXYGEN FROM WATER: FISH GILLS ,[object Object],[object Object]

ENHANCING THE EFFICIENCY OF FISH GILLS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ENHANCING THE EFFICIENCY OF FISH GILLS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Concurrent flow animation Countercurrent flow animation

GETTING OXYGEN FROM AIR: MAMMALS, BIRDS & INSECTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],GETTING OXYGEN FROM AIR: MAMMALS, BIRDS & INSECTS

WARM-BLOODED ANIMALS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

MAMMAL LUNGS: VENTILATION ,[object Object]

MAMMAL LUNGS: STRUCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],System of tubes (held open by rings of cartilage ) allow air to flow in and out of lungs

MAMMAL LUNGS: STRUCTURE ,[object Object],Smoker’s lungs

MAMMAL LUNGS: STRUCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

GAS EXCHANGE IN MAMMALS ,[object Object],[object Object],O 2 in lung air dissolves in moist lining diffuses into blood CO 2 in blood diffuses into moist lining diffuses into lung air Exhaled air: 17% O 2 and 4% CO 2 Blood leaving: high in O 2 and low in CO 2

GAS EXCHANGE IN MAMMALS Gas exchange animation

Gas Exchange in Animals: Adaptations in Mammals and Fish

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Gas Exchange in Animals: Adaptations in Mammals and Fish

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