4. Old Immigrants
• 1840-1860
• Religion: Protestant
• Location:
– Northern & Western Europe: England, Ireland,
Germany, Scandinavia.
• Language: English
5. New Immigrants
• 1880-1890
• East Coast
• Religion: Catholic, Eastern Orthodox Jewish
• Location:
– Southern & Eastern Europe: Italy, Poland, Greece,
Russia and Hungary.
• Language: Not English, spoke many different
languages
6. New Immigrants
• West Coast
• Religion: Buddhist and Daoist
• Location: Asia, China, Japan, Korea, India and
the Philippines
• Language: Not English. Also their culture was
very different
7. Urbanization
• People moved from farms to the city
• Migration: African-Americans move North
• Cities:
– New York City
– Boston
– Philadelphia
– Pittsburgh
– Chicago
8. Urbanization
• Jobs:
– Steel worker
– Meatpacking Industry
– Garment Industry
– Sales Clerks
– Waiters
– Barbers
– Bank Tellers
– Secretaries
14. Land of Opportunity
• “Streets paved with gold”
• Religious and Political Freedoms
• Job Opportunities
• A New Start
15. PULL FACTORS
• Pull Factors: Reasons that “pull” a person to a
new place
– Cheap available land
– Political & Religious Freedom
– Employment Opportunities
– Reunite with family
– A Free Atmosphere/Better Life
16. PUSH FACTORS
• Push Factors: Reasons that “push” a person to
leave their homeland
– NO land
– Political & Religious Persecution
– War/Revolution
– Poverty/Hard Life
– No Jobs
17. Russia
• 1880s
• Pogroms: Organized government attack.
Russian Jews were slaughtered and
persecuted for their religious beliefs
• May Laws [1882]: Czar Alexander takes away
rights from Jewish people living in the Pale
Ghetto
• Refugees: Millions of Russian Jews escape to
America
18. Ireland
• 1880s
• Blight: Killed potato crops in Ireland
• Famine: Citizens in Ireland began to starve
without food
• Tenant Farmers: Made very little money, lost
their lands
19. Ireland
• Problems:
– Coffin Ships: Irish immigrants risked their lives to
come to America [NYC and Boston]
– Spoke Gaelic
– Infected with Typhus
– Discriminated against in America
25. Immigrants Arrive
• East/West Coast of America
• Sailed: Across the Atlantic & Pacific Oceans
• Steamships: In Cargo hold with the animals
and other cargo
• Steerage: The bottom of the ship, in airless
rooms
– Death and disease
27. Ellis Island
• Located: East Coast, NYC Harbor
• Immigrants: Mostly Europeans
• Procedure:
– Examined by a doctor [Only healthy could enter]
– Checked & Logged in
– Names might be changed
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33. Statue of Liberty
• Gift from France
– Symbol of Freedom and Hope
• Located: NY harbor
• New Colossus: Poem written by Emma Lazarus
34. New Colossus
• “Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled
masses yearning to breathe free, the wretched
refuse of your teeming shore. Send those, the
homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp
beside the golden door”
35. Angel Island
• Located: West Coast, San Francisco harbor
• Immigrants: Mostly Asian [Chinese and
Japanese]
• Procedure:
– Examined by a doctor [Only healthy could enter]
– Checked & Logged in
– Names might be changed
36. Angel Island
• “Guardian of the Western Gate”
• Not Wanted: Most Americans did NOT want
Asian immigrants in America.
– Angel Island: Created to control the flow of
Chinese immigrants into America
37. Angel Island
• Chinese Exclusion Act [1882]
– Suspended Chinese immigration for 10years
– Declared Chinese immigrants ineligible for
naturalization
– Current Chinese immigrants in America that if
they leave, they will not be allowed to return to
America.
44. Immigrants
• Assimilate: Begin to adjust to America
– Learn: NEW Language, customs and religions
– Children: Attend school, assimilate quicker and
easier
45. Immigrants
• Ethnic Neighborhood: All immigrants who
lived there were from the same country
• Location: Chinatown, Little Italy, Little
Koreatown, Lower East Side [NYC]
– Inner city
– Near factories, docks, etc…
– “Ghetto” environment
46. Immigrants
• Ethnic Neighborhood:
– Poor Areas: Tenements, Ghetto, Crime and Gangs
– Newspapers printed in their language
– Churches of their religions
– Celebrate their own holidays
– Restaurants that served food from their
homelands, etc…
47. Immigrants
• Melting Pot: Immigrants assimilate and ADD
to the new culture
– This allowed for a diverse culture
48. Immigrants
• Salad Bowl: Immigrants don’t assimilate
– Keep their individual characteristics
– Stay connected to their roots
– Leads to more discrimination
49. Nativists
• White, Native-born, Protestant, English
speaking Americans.
• Limit Immigration: Didn’t want anyone coming
into America.
– Quota: Only a certain number of people from each
place can enter America
52. Nativists
• Discrimination: Against Jews, Irish, Chinese,
Mexicans.
– Used Violence and intimidation against them
• Examples:
– Chinese Exclusion Act
– Irish “Need Not Apply” rules in New York City.
