Chapt 27

1. Splash Screen

2. Contents Chapter Introduction Section 1 The Nixon Administration Section 2 The Watergate Scandal Section 3 Ford and Carter Section 4 The “Me” Decade: Life in the 1970s Chapter Summary Chapter Assessment Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

3. Intro 1 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

8. Intro 6 Why It Matters The protests of the 1960s were passionate and sometimes violent. The nation elected President Nixon on a promise to uphold the values of what Nixon called “Middle America.” In foreign policy, Nixon charted a new path with a historic visit to China. At home he introduced “New Federalism.” In 1974 the Watergate scandal forced Nixon to resign. Presidents Ford and Carter faced an economic downturn and a major energy crisis.

10. Intro 8 continued on next slide

11. Intro 9

12. End of Intro

15. Section 1-3 Guide to Reading (cont.) Section Theme Global Connections One of President Nixon’s most dramatic accomplishments was changing the relationship between the United States, Communist China, and the Soviet Union.

16. Section 1-4 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

23. Section 1-11 Why did Richard Nixon appeal to “Middle America” in the 1968 presidential election? He aimed many of his campaign messages to “Middle America.” He promised them “peace with honor” in Vietnam, law and order, a streamlined government, and a return to more conservative times. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Appealing to Middle America (cont.) (pages 832–835)

29. Section 1-17 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What views on foreign policy did President Nixon and his national security adviser Henry Kissinger share? Both believed in a gradual withdrawal from Vietnam, a practical approach to foreign policy to continue to contain communism, and the use of engagement and negotiations to achieve international goals. Nixon’s Foreign Policy (cont.) (pages 835–837)

30. Section 1-18 Checking for Understanding __ 1. to take possession __ 2. a meeting of heads of government __ 3. a policy which attempts to relax or ease tensions between nations A. impound B. détente C. summit Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. C B A

31. Section 1-19 Checking for Understanding (cont.) Describe Nixon’s New Federalism policy. He granted federal funds to state and local agencies. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

32. Section 1-20 Reviewing Themes Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Global Connections What were the results of Nixon’s policy of détente? Détente eased tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union and led to more normal relations between the U.S. and China.

33. Section 1-21 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Evaluating How did Nixon’s China visit affect Soviet relations? The Soviet Union became more accommodating to the United States.

34. Section 1-22 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Political Cartoons Study the cartoon on page 836 of your textbook. What is the artist’s message about the impact of the arms buildup on the average citizen in both the Soviet Union and the United States? The arms race burdened citizens.

35. Section 1-23 Close Discuss Nixon’s foreign policy achievements.

36. End of Section 1

39. Section 2-3 Guide to Reading (cont.) Section Theme Government and Democracy The Watergate scandal intensified the lingering distrust of government that had grown in the United States during the Vietnam War.

40. Section 2-4 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

45. Section 2-9 Why was Nixon’s hope of re-election uncertain? Although he had a high approval rating after the summit meetings, the unpopular Vietnam War still dragged on. Nixon’s staff was worried about the close margin of the 1968 victory. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The Roots of Watergate (cont.) (pages 838–840)

52. Section 2-16 What did the House Judiciary Committee charge against Nixon? Nixon was charged with obstructing justice in the Watergate cover-up, misuse of federal agencies to violate the rights of citizens, and defying the authority of Congress by not turning over the tapes and other materials the committee had requested. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The Cover-Up Unravels (cont.) (pages 840–842)

55. Section 2-19 What did the Watergate scandal do to Americans? It left many Americans with a deep distrust of public officials. Some Americans felt that Nixon’s impeachment and resignation proved that in the United States, no one is above the law. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The Impact of Watergate (cont.) (page 842)

56. Section 2-20 Checking for Understanding __ 1. principle stating that communications of the executive branch should remain confidential to protect national security __ 2. to formally charge a public official with misconduct in office A. executive privilege B. impeach Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. B A

57. Section 2-21 Checking for Understanding (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Evaluate the effects of the Watergate scandal on the way American citizens viewed the federal government. Many citizens distrusted the federal government, especially the presidency, while some saw the events as proof that no one is above the law.

58. Section 2-22 Reviewing Themes Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Government and Democracy How did the Watergate scandal alter the balance of power between the executive and legislative branches of government? It led to laws that limit the power of the executive branch.

59. Section 2-23 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Evaluating How did the discovery of the White House tapes change the Watergate cover-up investigation? It led to an abuse of executive privilege, but resulted in proof of Nixon’s guilt.

60. Section 2-24 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Photographs Study the photograph on page 841 of your textbook. How would you describe the scene of Nixon’s leave-taking? What in the photo suggests that this is a formal occasion? Why do you think this ceremony might be important for the nation? Answers will vary.

61. Section 2-25 Close Explain the Watergate scandal and discuss its effects.

62. End of Section 2

65. Section 3-3 Guide to Reading (cont.) Section Theme Economic Factors A weakening economy and growing energy crisis marred the terms of Ford and Carter.

66. Section 3-4 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

71. Section 3-9 What caused the economic crisis of the 1970s? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The Economic Crisis of the 1970s (cont.) (pages 843–845)

72. Section 3-9a The crisis began to take shape in the mid-1960s when Lyndon Johnson significantly increased federal deficit spending to fund both the Vietnam War and the Great Society program without raising taxes. This pumped large amounts of money into the economy, which caused inflation. The rising cost of raw materials, especially oil, also added to inflation. In 1973 OPEC announced an embargo on petroleum to countries that supported Israel. OPEC also greatly raised the price of crude oil. High prices for gasoline and home heating oil meant Americans had less money to spend on other goods, which forced the economy into a recession. By the early 1970s, the U.S. economy suffered from stagflation–a combination of inflation and recession. The Economic Crisis of the 1970s (cont.) (pages 843–845)

78. Section 3-14 Why did Ford pardon Nixon? He wanted to avoid the division that charges against Nixon and a public trial would create. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Ford Takes Over (cont.) (pages 845–846)

81. Section 3-17 How did President Carter propose to improve the economy? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Carter Battles the Economic Crisis (cont.) (pages 846–847)

82. Section 3-17a He tried to end the recession and reduce unemployment by increasing government spending and cutting taxes. Inflation increased, however, so he decided to delay the tax cuts and vetoed spending programs he had proposed to Congress. He reduced the money supply and raised interest rates. He tried to rally American support for a war against rising energy consumption. He proposed a national energy program to conserve oil and to promote the use of coal and renewable energy sources. He created the Department of Energy. He asked Americans to reduce energy consumption. Carter Battles the Economic Crisis (cont.) (pages 846–847)

88. Section 3-23 What were President Carter’s foreign policy successes? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Carter’s Foreign Policy (cont.) (pages 847–849)

89. Section 3-23 President Carter’s foreign policy focused on human rights. Carter won Senate ratification of two Panama Canal treaties, which transferred control of the canal to Panama on December 31, 1999. He singled out the Soviet Union as a violator of human rights because of its practice of imprisoning people who protested against the government. Carter placed an embargo on grain to the Soviet Union and a boycott of the Summer Olympic Games in Moscow. In 1978 Carter helped get a historic peace treaty signed between Israel and Egypt, known as the Camp David Accords. Carter’s Foreign Policy (cont.) (pages 847–849)

90. Section 3-24 Checking for Understanding __ 1. a government ban on trade with other countries __ 2. the loss of value of money __ 3. persistent inflation combined with stagnant consumer demand and relatively high unemployment A. inflation B. embargo C. stagflation Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. A C B

91. Section 3-25 Checking for Understanding (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Identify the achievement and failure President Carter experienced in the Middle East during his administration. The achievement was the Camp David Accords, and the failure was the hostage crisis in Iran.

92. Section 3-26 Reviewing Themes Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Economic Factors How did President Carter attempt to deal with the nation’s energy crisis? Carter proposed a national energy program to conserve oil and promote the use of renewable energy sources, created the Department of Energy, and deregulated the oil industry.

93. Section 3-27 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Evaluating Do you think President Ford should have pardoned Richard Nixon? Why or why not? Answers will vary.

94. Section 3-28 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Photographs Study the photograph on page 848 of your textbook. What effect do you think images such as this one had on Americans who were living or traveling in other countries? They would fear attacks on themselves.

95. Section 3-29 Close Discuss Jimmy Carter’s domestic and foreign policies.

96. End of Section 3

99. Section 4-3 Guide to Reading (cont.) Section Theme Culture and Traditions Even after the turbulent 1960s, American culture continued changing to reflect new trends and ideas.

100. Section 4-4 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

105. Section 4-9 Why did some young Americans look to the New Age movement for fulfillment? Some young men and women were disenchanted with the conventional religions of their parents. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The Search for Fulfillment (cont.) (pages 850–852)

109. Section 4-13 Why was disco well suited for the “me” generation? The music allowed people dancing to it to assume greater prominence than the music. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Cultural Trends in the 1970s (cont.) (pages 852–854)

110. Section 4-14 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Checking for Understanding __ 1. popular dance music characterized by hypnotic rhythm, repetitive lyrics, and electronically produced sounds __ 2. a person with knowledge or expertise, especially a religious teacher and spiritual guide in Hinduism __ 3. a technique of meditation in which a mantra is chanted as a way of achieving peak intelligence, harmony, and health A. guru B. transcendental meditation C. disco Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. A B C

111. Section 4-15 Checking for Understanding (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Summarize the basic beliefs of followers of transcendental meditation. They believed in daily meditation and mantras as a way of achieving peak intelligence, harmony, and health.

112. Section 4-16 Reviewing Themes Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Culture and Traditions What new cultural trends affected American society in the 1970s? Television dealt with controversial issues, transcendental meditation, disco and a new fashion developed, and fitness became a craze in the 1970s.

113. Section 4-17 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Photographs Study the photographs in the “What Life Was Like” feature on pages 852–853 of your textbook. How have popular music and fashion changed since the 1970s? Dance music has become more varied, and fashions have become less tailored and more casual.

114. Section 4-18 Close Discuss whether some traditional values became weaker during the 1970s.

115. End of Section 4

116. Chapter Summary 1

117. End of Chapter Summary

118. Chapter Assessment 1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Reviewing Key Terms Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. __ 1. persistent inflation combined with stagnant consumer demand and relatively high unemployment __ 2. a policy which attempts to relax or ease tensions between nations __ 3. a government ban on trade with other countries __ 4. to take possession of __ 5. principle stating that communications of the executive branch should remain confidential to protect national security __ 6. a meeting of heads of governments A. impound B. détente C. summit D. executive privilege E. impeach F. embargo G. stagflation H. guru I. transcendental meditation J. disco B F G A D C

119. Chapter Assessment 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Reviewing Key Terms (cont.) Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. __ 7. a person with knowledge or expertise, especially a religious teacher and spiritual guide in Hinduism __ 8. to formally charge a public official with misconduct in office __ 9. popular dance music characterized by hypnotic rhythm, repetitive lyrics, and electronically produced sounds __ 10. a technique of meditation in which a mantra is chanted as a way of achieving peak intelligence, harmony, and health E J H I A. impound B. détente C. summit D. executive privilege E. impeach F. embargo G. stagflation H. guru I. transcendental meditation J. disco

120. Chapter Assessment 3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts What were the main aspects of President Nixon’s domestic and foreign policies? Nixon’s domestic policy focused on the New Federalism, and his foreign policy focused on détente.

121. Chapter Assessment 4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts (cont.) What was the impact of the Watergate scandal on the American people? Most Americans lost trust in public officials.

122. Chapter Assessment 5 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts (cont.) Why did President Nixon freeze wages and prices in the early 1970s? President Nixon believed wage and price freezes would stop stagflation, a combination of rising prices and economic stagnation.

123. Chapter Assessment 6 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts (cont.) What factors caused economic problems in the United States in the 1970s? Rising oil prices, increased international competition, low job training for new jobs, and a decline in manufacturing caused economic problems in the 1970s.

124. Chapter Assessment 7 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts (cont.) What changes in family life occurred in the United States in the 1970s? Changes in family life included smaller families, more divorces, parents and children spending less time together, and women becoming more active in the workplace and outside the home.

125. Chapter Assessment 8 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking Analyzing Themes: Government and Democracy How did the Watergate scandal affect the relationship among the three branches of government? The Supreme Court forced the president to yield presidential privilege, thus decreasing the power of the executive branch. Congress passed laws establishing a greater balance of power, requiring financial disclosure from all branches of government, and establishing independent counsel to investigate wrongdoings of government officials.

126. Chapter Assessment 9 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking (cont.) Evaluating What impact did cultural phenomena such as disco music, the use of CB radios, and exercise trends have on the U.S. economy? Disco music led to the opening of dance clubs; millions of people bought CB radios; and exercise clubs opened throughout the country. Each helped the economy expand.

127. Chapter Assessment 10 Economics and History The graph on page 857 of your textbook shows inflation rates in the United States from 1960 to 1992. Study the graph and answer the questions on the following slides.

128. Chapter Assessment 11 Interpreting Graphs How did the nation’s inflation rate change between 1965 and 1980? The inflation rate increased from under 2 percent in 1965 to over 12 percent in 1980. Economics and History (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

129. Chapter Assessment 12 Economics and History (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Determining Cause and Effect What factor was most important in causing this change? The rise in the price of crude oil was the biggest factor for the ballooning rate of inflation.

130. Chapter Assessment 13 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Directions: Choose the phrase that best completes the following sentence. As a political conservative, President Nixon wanted to A increase federal spending on welfare programs. B take more aggressive federal action to speed desegregation. C return power to state governments. D appoint activist-minded justices to the Supreme Court. Test-Taking Tip Think of the meaning of political conservative: someone who believes that the federal government’s role in society should be limited. Choose the answer that best reflects this meaning.

131. Chapter Assessment 14 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What did the impeachment process test? The impeachment process checked the system of checks and balances.

132. End of Chapter Assessment

133. F/F/F 1-Fact “ Ping-Pong” Diplomacy In April 1971, nearly a year before President Nixon made his historic trip there, Communist China welcomed a different kind of U.S. delegation–the American ping-pong team. When the team received their surprise invitation, Time magazine called it “the ping heard round the world.” The nine players, four officials, and two spouses who arrived on the Chinese mainland were the first Americans to enter China since the Communist takeover in 1949. In another example of the continuing efforts to normalize relations with China, Ling-Ling and Hsing-Hsing arrived at the National Zoo in 1972. A gift from China, the rare giant pandas attracted visitors and volunteers. In addition, the pair provided a wealth of scientific knowledge about the endangered panda. Following the deaths of Ling-Ling and Hsing-Hsing in 1992 and 1999, the National Zoo made arrangements to borrow two new pandas from China. Tian-Tian and Mei Xiang arrived in December 2000.

134. F/F/F 4-Fact Put on a Happy Face Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the nation experienced a “button craze” as people expressed themselves by pinning buttons with slogans to their clothing. The most popular button actually said nothing at all. In 1971 Americans began buying a yellow button with a simple smile on it. By the fall of 1971, marketers estimated that more than 20 million smile buttons had been sold, making it the most popular fad item since the hula hoop. In the late 1990s the United States Postal Service issued a series of stamps depicting the twentieth century. The “Celebrate the Century” series featured 15 stamps for each decade. The ubiquitous smiley face was one of the images selected for the 1970s series. Two other stamps, one depicting disco and the other featuring 1970s fashion, also commemorated the 1970s.

135. FYI 1-1 Henry Kissinger and his family fled Nazi Germany in 1938. He studied at Harvard and later became a professor there. In 1973 he shared the Nobel Peace Prize with North Vietnamese leader Le Duc Tho .

136. FYI 2-1 August 8, 1974, is the date Richard Nixon announced his resignation. On the same day in 1815, Napoleon Bonaparte sailed for Saint Helena to spend the rest of his life in exile.

137. FYI Contents 3 OPEC Jimmy Carter Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

138. FYI 3-1a OPEC is responsible for approximately 40 percent of the world’s oil production and controls 75 percent of the world’s proven oil reserves.

139. FYI 3-2b After his inauguration, Jimmy Carter and his family chose to walk up Pennsylvania Avenue from the Capitol to the White House instead of riding in the traditional limousine. The gesture symbolized Carter’s desire to lead a simple life even while in the White House.

140. FYI 4-1 In January 1977, ABC broadcast the Roots miniseries. Based on the 1976 novel by Alex Haley, the program traced the history of an African family’s struggle with slavery through several generations. The miniseries became a surprise hit. Media coverage of the Roots phenomenon indicated that restaurants and shops noticed a decline in business during the broadcast.

141. Moment in History 3 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

142. You Don’t Say 4-1 Fads Popular fashion fads of the 1970s included platform shoes for men, leisure suits, tank tops, and Farrah Fawcett hairdos.

143. CT Skill Builder 1 Analyzing Secondary Sources Your textbook, like many other history books, is a secondary source. Secondary sources draw from primary sources to explain a topic. The value of a secondary source depends on how its author uses primary sources. Learning to analyze secondary sources will help you figure out whether those sources are presenting a complete and accurate picture of a topic or event. Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

146. CT Skill Builder 4 Practicing the Skill In the excerpt on the next slide from The Cold War, 1945–1987 , author Ralph B. Levering discusses President Carter’s China policy. Carter sent his national security adviser, Zbigniew Brzezinski, to China to encourage better relations and thus put pressure on the Soviets. As you read, identify the primary sources Levering uses to make his argument. Then answer the questions on the following slides. Analyzing Secondary Sources

147. CT Skill Builder 5 During his trip to Peking, Brzezinski did everything he could to please the Chinese leaders…He stressed repeatedly the evil nature of the Soviet Union…Upon his return, Brzezinski told a New York Times reporter that trip was intended to “underline the long-term strategic nature of the United States’ relationship to China.” … Soviet leaders were deeply concerned. An editorial in Pravda on May 30, 1978, stated that Brzezinski “stands before the world as an enemy of détente.” Pravda also blamed China, stating on June 17 that “Soviet-American confrontation…is the cherished dream of Peking.” On the whole, U.S. officials were not displeased by the Kremlin’s anger and concern; perhaps it would make Soviet leaders more anxious to conclude the SALT negotiations and more inclined to show restraint in the Third World. Analyzing Secondary Sources Practicing the Skill (cont.)

148. CT Skill Builder 6 1. What kind of primary source does Levering use twice in this passage? 2. Do you think this kind of primary source has any possible weaknesses? Levering uses an editorial in a newspaper twice. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Analyzing Secondary Sources The reporter could be using the quote out of context. The Pravda editorials, as all editorials, are opinions. Since the Soviet state ran Pravda, articles and editorials uniformly reflected government policy. Practicing the Skill (cont.)

149. CT Skill Builder 7 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. 3. Would the use of government documents strengthen the author’s argument? Why or why not? Answers will vary. Analyzing Secondary Sources Practicing the Skill (cont.)

150. M/C 1-1

151. Why It Matters Transparency

152. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. No, Nixon would still have won the majority of electoral votes.

153. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

154. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

155. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

156. GO 1

157. GO 2

158. GO 3

159. GO 4

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