1. Mohammed Al-Tobi Sultan Al Abdul Salam

2. Study 1
Virtual reality treatment of claustrophobia: a
case report
C. Botella a'*, R. M. Bafios b, C. Perpifi~ b,
H. Villa a, M. Alcafiiz c,
A. Rey c
~Departamento de Psicologia B6sica, Clinica y Psicobiologia, Universidad
Jaume I, Carretera de
Borriol, s/n, 12080-Castel16n, Spain
bDepartment of Personality, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
CDesign & Image Development, Universidad Politkcnica de Valencia, Spain
Received 22 July 1997

3. The purpose
The efficacy of a treatment for
claustrophobia using only Virtual
Reality (VR) exposure was
examined.

4. The instrument
1. Fear and avoidance scales (FAS)
A Spanish adaptation of the Marks and Mathews'
scales (1979). The target behaviour (CTS) is
evaluated according to the degree of fear and
avoidance, from 0 to 10, where 0 is "I Never
avoid it"/"No fear" and 10 is "I Always avoid
it"/"Extreme Fear".

5. The instrument
2. Fear of closed spaces measure (FCSM)
One item was included to assess the degree of
fear of closed spaces, from 0 to 10, where 0 is
"No fear" and 10 is "Extreme Fear".

6. The instrument
3. Problem-related impairment questionnaire
(PRIQ)
(Echeburfia and De Corral, 1987, in Borda and
Echeburfia, 1991) It consists of rating scales from 0
to 10 (from "Not at all", to "Very much"), assessing
the overall functional impairment caused by the
problem

7. Level & stages
 Unit level
 Within the course
“The subject was a 43-year-old female who
suffered from clinically significant distress and
impairment and sought psychological therapy.
Eight individual VR graded exposure sessions
were
conducted. All self-report measures were
reduced following VR exposure and were
maintained at one
month follow-up “

8. Study 2
Virtual Reality and Education
By: Giti Javidi
Submitted to: Dr. James White
EME7938
University of South Florida
Fall 1999

9. Features
 a fast-paced
 non- traditional
 immersive virtual
 training applications
 human-computer interface
 simulation
 interactive video

10. results
researchers begin to identify and solve the
issues concerning virtual reality now so that it
can be used to its best advantage by all
students in the future. As the technology
matures, VR will have the potential to become
an extremely powerful medium. However, as
with every technology, it must be remembered
that VR is a tool to be used as a medium with
other methods of instruction.