1. MUSIC 8UNIT I
Christian Moises Carlos
Disiplina Village-Bignay National High School

2. Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium
is sound and silence.
WHAT IS MUSIC
Music is a vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in
such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and
expression of emotion.
Music is the written or printed signs representing vocal or
instrumental sound.

3. Sound is a form of energy. It is
caused by the vibration of an
object.
What is Sound and how is it produced?

4. Music is a sound, or series of
sounds, that you find
pleasurable.
When does Sound become MUSIC?

5. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
VOCAL
MUSIC
• a type of music performed by one
or more singers, with or without
instrumental accompaniment (a
cappella), in which singing
provides the main focus of the
piece.

6. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
a cappella
• Music without any non-
vocal instrumental
accompaniment

7. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
lyrics • Vocal music
typically features
sung words

8. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Song • A short piece of
vocal music with
lyrics

9. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
INSTRUMENTAL
MUSIC
• An instrumental is a musical
composition or recording
without lyrics, or singing,
although it might include
some inarticulate vocal
input.

10. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
INSTRUMENTAL
MUSIC • The instrumental music is
primarily or exclusively
produced by musical
instruments

11. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
What is the difference between VOCAL
and INSTRUMENTAL music?

12. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
What is the difference
between VOCAL and
INSTRUMENTAL
music?
• Vocal music is coming
from the voice while
instrumental music is
coming from the
instrument

13. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Classifications
of Voice
• Soprano – is the highest
singing voice type
• Mezzo-soprano – is the
middlerange voice type for
females
• Contralto – is the lowest female
voice (a.k.a. alto)
Female Voice
Type

14. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Classifications
of Voice • Tenor – is the highest male
voice
• Baritone – is the middle-range
voice type for males
• Bass – is the lowest male voice
Male Voice
Type

15. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
• is a system of musical
instrument classification
• is devised by Erich Moritz
von Hornbostel and Curt
Sachs

16. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
• Idiophones
• Membranophones
• Chordophones
• Aerophones
• ElectrophonesClassification

17. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs • produce a sound by the vibration
of the actual instrument itself
• These instruments can be strucked,
rubbed, shaken or plucked.
• belongs to the percussion familyIdiophones

18. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
Idiophones

19. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
Idiophones

20. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
• produce sound when a
stretched skin (membrane)
vibrates
• Different materials can be used
to make membranophones,
including wood, metal, or
ceramics.
Membranophones

21. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
Membranophones

22. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
Membranophones

23. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
• is part of the string instrument
family. produces sound by the
vibrating of strings
• To make the sounds: pluck,
bow or strike the strings. This
is done by a pick, bow or the
musician’s hand.
Chordophones

24. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
Chordophones

25. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
Chordophones

26. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
Chordophones

27. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
• produces its sound by the
vibration of air (wind
instrument)
• The two main families that are
aerophones are woodwind and
brass instruments.
Aerophones

28. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
• Most woodwinds use the air
and reeds to vibrate. Brass use
air and the player’s lips to
vibrate. Some keyboard
instruments also use air as the
source of vibration and can be
considered aerophones.
Aerophones

29. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
Aerophones

30. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
Aerophones

31. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
Electrophones
• is the newest category of instruments
• They have only been around since the
20th century.
• Electrophones produce an electronic
sound.
• The two main families of electrophones
are electronic instruments and
amplified acoustical instruments.

32. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
Electrophones

33. The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Cambodia
• is one of the beautiful countries in
Southeast Asia. It is also known as
Kâmpŭchéa. It was the center of the
Khmer (Cambodian) kingdom of
Angkor, a great empire that dominated
Southeast Asia for 600 years. Their
music gained a worldwide reputation in
the 1960s until the dramatic political
problems in Cambodia.

34. The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Cambodia
• is highly influenced by
ancient forms as well as
Hindu formsArt music

35. The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Cambodia
• is roughly similar to
that of Java, Indonesia.
i.e choruses with large
orchestras based on
struck keys and gongs.
Cambodian
court music

36. The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Cambodia
• a Cambodian musical ensemble or an
orchestra that usually accompanies
ceremonial music of the royal courts and
temples. Music is always part of their
court dances, masked plays, shadow plays,
and religious ceremonies. This group is
similar to the Piphat ensemble of Thailand
and usually consists of nine or ten
instruments.
Pinpeat

37. The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Cambodia
Pinpeat

38. The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Cambodia
Pinpeat
• If you have access to the internet, visit
www.youtube.com and type in the link below
to watch video clips of Pin peat. If in case you
don’t have internet access, ask your teacher
to lend you a copy of the Pinpeat ensemble
performances taken from the website. After
watching, answer the questions found on the
next page. Write your answers in your activity
notebook.

39. The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Cambodia
Pinpeat

40. The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Cambodia
Pinpeat

41. Activity 1:Music of Colombia
• You can also visit the following web pages for additional
reference:
http://www.istov.de/htmls/cambodia/cambodia_start.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodian_music
http://www.keosambathmusic.com/index.htm

42. Activity 1:Music of Colombia
• QUESTIONS:
1. In 3-5 sentences, describe how the Pinpeat musicians
play their instruments.
2. How many instrument players were needed to form
the Pinpeat?
3. Are their instruments made of wood or metal?

43. The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Indonesia
• It is an archipelago in Southeast Asia comprising
approximately 17,500 islands. With over 238
million people, Indonesia is the world's fourth
most populous country and is the fourth biggest
nation of the world. Through interaction with
other culture such as Indian, Arabic, Chinese and
European, a wide range of musical style has been
developed. Today the contemporary music of
Indonesia is popular not only in the region but
also in the neighboring countries.

44. The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Indonesia • Slendro – five (5)
equidistant tones in
octave
• Peloq – Heptatonic (7
tone) scale with semi tone
two basic
kinds of
Indonesian
music scale:

45. The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Indonesia Both vocal and instrumental music in
Indonesia use slendro and peloq scales.
• Polyphonic stratification kind of melody
is a result of hocket/Interlock.
• Interlocking is common technique used
in gong ensembles
two basic
kinds of
Indonesian
music scale:

46. The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Indonesia
• is an Indonesian
term for tempo
Irama

47. The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Indonesia
• used as ornamentation
of the Gamelan. It is as
important as gamelan.Vocal
music

48. The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Indonesia
1. Pesindhen is a female
soloist singer who sings
with a Gamelan
2. Gerong refers to the
unison male chorus that
sings with the gamelan
Vocal
music

49. The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Indonesia
The Gamelan or Gamelan orchestra is the
most popular form of music in Indonesia.
There are many types of Gamelan but the
famous Javanese and Balinese Gamelan
are the most famous. It contains a variety
of instruments such as metallophones,
xylophones, kendang and gongs; bamboo
flutes, bowed and plucked strings.
Gamelan

50. The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Indonesia
Gamelan

51. Activity 2:Music of Indonesia

52. Activity 2:Music of Indonesia
• QUESTIONS: Activity notebook
1. In 3-5 sentences, describe how the Javanese and
Balinese musicians play their instruments.
2. How many instrument players were needed to form
each ensemble?
3. Are their instruments made of wood or metal?