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Barmuda triangle
1.
2. The Bermuda Triangle, also known as the Devil's
Triangle, is an undefined region in the western part of
the North atlantic ocean. where a number of aircraft
and ships are said to have disappeared under
mysterious circumstances. The triangle does not exist
according to the US Navy, and the name is not
recognized by the US Board on Geographic Names.
Popular culture has attributed various disappearances
to the paranormal or activity by extraterrestrial beings.
3. Documented evidence indicates that a significant
percentage of the incidents were spurious, inaccurately
reported, or embellished by later authors. In a 2013
study, the World Wide Fund for Nature identified the
world’s 10 most dangerous waters for shipping, but the
Bermuda Triangle was not among them. Contrary to
popular belief, insurance companies do not charge
higher premiums for shipping in this area.
4. Triangle area
The first written boundaries date from a 1964 issue of
pulp magazine Argosy,where the triangle's three
vertices are in Miai, Florida peninsula; in San Juan,
Puerto Rico and in the mid-Atlantic island of Bermuda.
But subsequent writers did not follow this definition.
Every writer gives different boundaries and vertices to
the triangle, with the total area varying from 500,000 to
1.5 million square miles. Consequently, the
determination of which accidents have occurred inside
the triangle depends on which writer reports them.The
United does not recognize this name, and it is not
delimited in any map drawn by US government
agencies.
5. The area is one of the most heavily traveled shipping
lanes in the world, with ships crossing through it daily
for ports in the Americas, Europe, and the Caribbean
Islands. Cruise ships are also plentiful, and pleasure
craft regularly go back and forth between Florida and
the islands. It is also a heavily flown route for
commercial and private aircraft heading towards
Florida, the Caribbean, and South America from points
north.
6. Origins
The earliest allegation of unusual disappearances in the
Bermuda area appeared in a September 16, 1950
Associated Press article by Edward Van Winkle Jones.
Two years later, Fate magazine published "Sea Mystery
at Our Back Door", a short article by George X. Sand
covering the loss of several planes and ships, including
the loss of Flight 19, a group of five U.S. Navy TBM
Avenger bombers on a training mission. Sand's article
was the first to lay out the now-familiar triangular area
where the losses took place. Flight 19 alone would be
covered again in the April 1962 issue of American Legion
magazine.In it, author Allan W. Eckert wrote that the
flight leader had been heard saying, "We are entering
white water, nothing seems right. We don't know where
we are, the water is green, no white.
7. He also wrote that officials at the Navy board of inquiry
stated that the planes "flew off to Mars."[dubious – discuss]
Sand's article was the first to suggest a supernatural
element to the Flight 19 incident. In the February 1964
issue of Argosy, Vincent Gaddis' article "The Deadly
Bermuda Triangle" argued that Flight 19 and other
disappearances were part of a pattern of strange events
in the region. The next year, Gaddis expanded this
article into a book, Invisible Horizons.
Others would follow with their own works, elaborating
on Gaddis' ideas: John Wallace Spencer (Limbo of the
Lost, 1969, repr. 1973);Charles Berlitz (The Bermuda
Triangle, 1974);Richard Winnr (The Devil's Triangle,
1974),and many others, all keeping to some of the same
supernatural elements outlined by Eckert.
8. Larry Kusche
Lawrence David Kusche, a research librarian from
Arizona State University and author of The Bermuda
Triangle Mystery: Solved (1975)argued that many claims
of Gaddis and subsequent writers were often
exaggerated, dubious or unverifiable. Kusche's research
revealed a number of inaccuracies and inconsistencies
between Berlitz's accounts and statements from
eyewitnesses, participants, and others involved in the
initial incidents. Kusche noted cases where pertinent
information went unreported, such as the
disappearance of round-the-world yachtsman Donald
Crowhurst, which Berlitz had presented as a mystery,
despite clear evidence to the contrary.
9. Lawrence David Kusche, a research librarian from
Arizona State University and author of The Bermuda
Triangle Mystery: Solved (1975) argued that many claims
of Gaddis and subsequent writers were often
exaggerated, dubious or unverifiable. Kusche's research
revealed a number of inaccuracies and inconsistencies
between Berlitz's accounts and statements from
eyewitnesses, participants, and others involved in the
initial incidents. Kusche noted cases where pertinent
information went unreported, such as the
disappearance of round-the-world yachtsman Donald
Crowhurst, which Berlitz had presented as a mystery,
despite clear evidence to the contrary.
10. Another example was the ore-carrier recounted by
Berlitz as lost without trace three days out of an Atlantic
port when it had been lost three days out of a port with
the same name in the Pacific Ocean. Kusche also argued
that a large percentage of the incidents that sparked
allegations of the Triangle's mysterious influence
actually occurred well outside it. Often his research was
simple: he would review period newspapers of the dates
of reported incidents and find reports on possibly
relevant events like unusual weather, that were never
mentioned in the disappearance stories.
Kusche concluded that:
11. The number of ships and aircraft reported missing in
the area was not significantly greater, proportionally
speaking, than in any other part of the ocean.
In an area frequented by tropical storms, the number of
disappearances that did occur were, for the most part,
neither disproportionate, unlikely, nor mysterious;
Furthermore, Berlitz and other writers would often fail
to mention such storms or even represent the
disappearance as having happened in calm conditions
when meteorological records clearly contradict this.
12. The numbers themselves had been exaggerated by
sloppy research. A boat's disappearance, for example,
would be reported, but its eventual (if belated) return to
port may not have been.
Some disappearances had, in fact, never happened. One
plane crash was said to have taken place in 1937 off
Daytona Beach, Florida, in front of hundreds of
witnesses; a check of the local papers revealed nothing.
The legend of the Bermuda Triangle is a manufactured
mystery, perpetuated by writers who either purposely or
unknowingly made use of misconceptions, faulty
reasoning, and sensationalism.
13. Supernatural explanations
Triangle writers have used a number of supernatural
concepts to explain the events. One explanation pins the
blame on leftover technology from the mythical lost
continent of Atlantis. Sometimes connected to the
Atlantis story is the submerged rock formation known
as the Bimini Road off the island of Bimini in the
Bahamas, which is in the Triangle by some definitions.
Followers of the purported psychic Edgar Cayce take his
prediction that evidence of Atlantis would be found in
1968 as referring to the discovery of the Bimini Road.
Believers describe the formation as a road, wall, or other
structure, though geologists consider it to be of natural
origin.
14. Human error
One of the most cited explanations in official inquiries as to
the loss of any aircraft or vessel is human error. Human
stubbornness may have caused businessman Harvey
Conover to lose his sailing yacht, the Revonoc, as he sailed
into the teeth of a storm south of Florida on January 1, 1958.
Ellen Austin
The Ellen Austin supposedly came across a derelict ship,
placed on board a prize crew, and attempted to sail with it to
New York in 1881. According to the stories, the derelict
disappeared; others elaborating further that the derelict
reappeared minus the prize crew, then disappeared again
with a second prize crew on board.
15. Bermuda Triangle incidents
Aircraft incidents
1945: December 5, Flight 19 (five TBF Avengers) lost with
14 airmen, and later the same day PBM Mariner BuNo
59225 lost with 13 airmen while searching for Flight 19.
1948: January 30, Avro Tudor G-AHNP Star Tiger lost with
six crew and 25 passengers, en route from Santa Maria
Airport in the Azors to Kindley Field, Bermuda.
1948: December 28, Douglas DC-3 NC16002 lost with
three crew and 36 passengers, en route from San Juan,
Puerto Rico, to Miami.
16. Incidents at sea
1918: USS Cyclops, collier, left Barbados on March 4, lost
with all 309 crew and passengers en route to Baltimore,
Maryland.
1921: January 31, Carroll A. Deering, five-masted
schooner, Captain W. B. Wormell, found aground and
abandoned at Diamond Shoals, near Cape Hatteras,
North Carolina.
1925: 1 December, SS Cotopaxi, having departed
Charleston, South Carolina two days earlier bound for
Havana, Cuba, radioed a distress call reporting that the
ship was sinking. She was officially listed as overdue on
31 December.
17. Incidents on land
1969: Great Isaac Lighthouse (Bimiai, Bahamas) - its two
keepers disappeared and were never found.
20. Top 10 Bermuda Triangle Theories
The legend of the Bermuda Triangle probably started some
time around 1945, when a squadron of five Navy Avenger
airplanes disappeared on a training flight out of Fort
Lauderdale, Fla.
Soon, the masses were wondering: Was something amiss in
the triangle-shaped stretch of ocean between Miami,
Bermuda and Puerto Rico? Today, we've all heard of the
Bermuda Triangle. And over the years, a whole host of
theories, from the wacky to the reasonable, have cropped up
to explain its disappearances.