1. THE MODERN AGE.

2. ECONOMY AND SOCIETY.
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ECONOMY ●
SOCIETY.
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The modern age began with the discovery ●
During the modern age the society was
of America in 1492, and finished with the divided in 3 groups: the nobility, the clergy
French Revolution in 1789. and the commoners.
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During the 15th and 16th centuries,many ●
The nobility and the clergy had special
geographic discoveries took place. They privileges: they could govern and they didn't
discovered new lands and people. have to pay taxes.
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International commerce increased when ●
Commoners didn't have any special
people began travelling to other countries privileges. The burghers who lived in towns
around the world. and cities and the peasants who lived in the
country.
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The first banks accumulated money.
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In the modern age the burghers became a
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The firs factories appeared, with new powerful society and economic group.
machines and technology.
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Peasants were usually very poor and some
of them lived in terrible condition.

3. Columbus voyages.

4. POLITICS, RELIGION AND
SCIENCE.
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European monarchies became more powerful dominating the nobility
and unifying their kingdoms.
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The modern age was a time of religious intolerance. European
Christians divided into two different groups: Catholics and
Protestants.
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At this time, there were many religious wars between Catholics,
Protestants and Muslims.
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Spain there was an institution called Inquisition. It had tribunals for
people who disagreed with the church.

5. THE ORIGIN OF THE MODERN
SCIENCE.
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The scientific method was established.
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The printing press made it easier for people to share ideas about
sciences and culture.
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During this time technical advances changed people's daily lives.
Specially in the 18th century during the Enlightenment and the Age
of Reason.
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Greats Thinkers: Copernicus, Kepler, Servet, Descartes, Bacon,
Pascal, Newton,Linnaeus and Jenner.

6. The Spanish monarchy.
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The modern age began with the reign of the Catholics Kings:
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Isabel (of Castilla) and Fernando (of Aragon) united their kingdoms.
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They increased their power and created a modern state.
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They were intolerant to other religions, they persecuted Jews and
Muslims.
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They conquered new territories: The Canary Islands (1496) and
Melilla (1497).
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They gave money to Colombus for the journey in which he
discovered America.

7. HABSBURG SPAIN.
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In the 16th and 17th centuries , Spain was ruled by the Habsburg
Dynasty.
The dynasty began with Carlos the grandson oh the Catholics kings
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Carlos I and Felipe II. They ruled during the 16th century and
dominated Europe. Spain also conquered and colonised America.
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The next kings were Felipe III, Felipe lV and Carlos ll. They had many
problems because there was an economic crisis in Europe. They
also had conflicts with other countries, like England and France.

8. THE BOURBON DYNASTY.
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When king Carlos ll died in 1700, the War of Succession began, to
decide who would be the new king. As a result, Spain lost power in
Europe, and a new dynasty replaced the Habsburg : The Bourbon
dynasty.
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The first Bourbon king was Felipe V, who ruled with absolute power.
The next kings were Fernando Vl and Carlos lll. Carlos lll was king
during the Enlightenment, and he started many new plans to
modernise Spain.
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He improved Spain's system of roads. He also modernised
agriculture and established the Royal Factories to promote industry.

9. ART AND CULTURE.
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The main artistic styles of the Modern Age ●
Art and literature in Spain.
were : the Renaissance, the Baroque and
the Neoclassical styles. ●
At the beginning of the 16 th century the
most important painter in Spain was El
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The Renaissance style: Greco.
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15 th and 16th centuries. It was inspired by ●
In Spanish literature the most important
ancient Greek and Roman art. Human writers were Santa Teresa de Jesus and
anatomy and perspective. Leonardo Da Garcilaso de la Vega.
Vinci.
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The end of the 17th century is called the
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The Baroque style: Golden Age of Spanish art and literature.
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17th century. It used lots of curved lines, There were great painters, like
decoration and dramatic effects. Bernini. Rivera, Murillo and specially Velazquez.
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The Neoclassical style:
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Quevedo, Gongora, Lope de Vega,
Calderon de la Barca and Miguel de
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18th century: Neoclassic style- It was Cervantes were the greatest writer.
especially important in architecture. ●
In the 18 century Goya.
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