for education purpose

3. EntomologyEntomology
BY:
DR: NAJEEB MEMON
Wingless Insects

4. • More than 750,000
species of insects
worldwide.
. Approximately 10,000
species of insects
are harmful to
humans.

5. Arthropods of Medical ImportanceArthropods of Medical Importance
Winged InsectsWinged Insects
Wingless InsectsWingless Insects
CLASS ARTHROPODS Characteristics Features
Body
Division
Legs Antennae Wings Where
Found
1,
Insecta
Mosquitoes
Flies
Human Lice
Fleas
Louse
Head
Thorax
Abdomen
3 Pairs 1 Pair 1 or 2 pairs
Some are
wingless
On Land
2,
Arachnida
Ticks
(Soft, Hard)
Mites
Cephaloth
orax &
Abd:
(No
division
In some
cases)
4 Pairs None None On Land
3,
Crustacea
Cyclops Cephaloth
orax &
Abd:
5 Pairs 2 Pairs None In Water
4,Chilopoda

6. WINGES WINGLESSWINGES WINGLESS
WINGES WINGLESS
1. Mosquito (C.M) 1. Flea (Xenopsylla Cheopis) (C.M)
2. Housefly (Musca Domestica) (C.M) 2. Louse (Pediculus humanis) (I.M)
3. Sand fly (Phlebotomus) (C.M) 3. Tick (I.M)
4. Tse Tse fly (Glossina) 4. Mites (Chiggers) (I.M)
5. Black fly 5. Red Bug (I.M)
6. Cockroach
7. Rudivid Bugs
Others:- Blue, Green flies

7. WINGED INSECTS
Sand fly
Tse Tse
fly
Black fly
Cockroach
Rudivid Bugs

8. Ticks
Mites
Fleas
Red Bugs
WINGLESS INSECTS

9. Transmission of Arthropod borne diseasesTransmission of Arthropod borne diseases
TransmissionsTransmissions
Direct Contact
From man to man
Scabies
pediculosis
Direct Contact
From man to man
Scabies
pediculosis
Mechanical
Diarrhea
Dysentery
Typhoid
Trachoma
Mechanical
Diarrhea
Dysentery
Typhoid
Trachoma
BiologicalBiological
Propagative
Only multiplication
No developmental
Plague bacilli in rat
Flea
Yellow f virus in Aedes mosq:
Propagative
Only multiplication
No developmental
Plague bacilli in rat
Flea
Yellow f virus in Aedes mosq:
Cyclo propagative
Multiplication
developmental
Malaria parasites in
mosquito
Cyclo propagative
Multiplication
developmental
Malaria parasites in
mosquito
Cyclodevelopmental
No multiplication
developmental
Filaria parasite
In mosquito
Guinea worm embryo in cyclops
Cyclodevelopmental
No multiplication
developmental
Filaria parasite
In mosquito
Guinea worm embryo in cyclops

10. Complete MetamorphosisComplete Metamorphosis
Egg - Larvae- Pupae- AdultEgg - Larvae- Pupae- Adult
CHANGE IN FORM FROM EGG TO ADULTCHANGE IN FORM FROM EGG TO ADULT

11. Complete MetamorphosisComplete Metamorphosis
Egg - Larvae- Pupae- Adult
E.g:- Mosquito, Fly, Flea

12. Complete Metamorphosis

13. Incomplete MetamorphosisIncomplete Metamorphosis
E.g:-
Louse,
Ticks
Egg- nymph- adult

14. IncompleteIncomplete
INCOMPLETEINCOMPLETE
METAMORPHOUSMETAMORPHOUS
Insects change
shape gradually!

15. Why study of this is important?Why study of this is important?
1 Mosquito Malaria, Filaria, JE, Dengue Fever, Yellow Fever
Chikungunya
2 Housefly Typhoid, Cholera, Diarrhea & Dysentery, Poliomyelitis,
Gastroenteritis, Trachoma, Amob:
3 Sand fly Kala- azar, Oriental sore, sand fly fever
4 Tse tse fly Sleeping sickness
5 Cockroaches Enteric pathogens
6 Black fly Onchocerciasis
7 Reduviid Bugs Chagas disease
8 Rat flea Bubonic Plague, Endemic typhus, chiggerosis
9 Louse Epidemic Typhus, Relapsing fever, trench fever
10 Tick (Hard ) Tick typhus, Viral hemorg: fever, tularemia
11
12
Tick (Soft )
Itch mite
Q fever, Relapsing fever
Scabies

16. Fleas (Gliding b/w hair & feathers of host)
Found in Holes, Fissures, Furniture.
(Complete Metamorphosis)
Egg, Larva, Pupa, Adult
Types:
1. Rat fleas ( Xenopsylla Cheopis)
(Oriental)
2. Human fleas (Pulex irritants) – Cosmopolitan in distribution
3. Dog & Cat fleas (Ctenocephalus canis)
4. Sand fleas (Tunga penetrans)
Act as a Passive carrier of
Pasterurella pestis
responsible for
Plague & Murine typhus

18. Diseases:
1. Bubonic Plague,
2. Endemic (Murine) typhus,
3. Chiggerosis
4. Tularemia (in Rodents) act as Intermediate host
Preventive Measures:
1. Hygienic control
2. Destroy Rats
3. Rats Proofing / Catch through nets/ use Jalis
4. Rats Sterile (Use chemicals ZnSo4 , DDT, Gammexane)
5. Rat Run Spray
6. Burry the rats
7. Check up of Pet animals (Dogs & Cats)

19. 2. Louse
(Pediculus humanis)
TYPES:
1.Head louse (Pediculus Capitus)
2.Body Louse (Pediculus Coroporais)
3.Pubic Louse (Phthirus Pubis)
Pediculosis: Louse infestation (Lousy Person)
DISEASES: Louse Born Typhus ( Epidemic Typhus) Rickettsia
Rowazekii
Relapsing Fever
Trench Fever (Rickettsia quantana)
No infection there, only small breech in skin causing swelling /
irritation
Then louse burst.
Body louse

20. Very sensitive to heat
Keep clothes to heat / boiling water.
Preventive Measures:
Keep the hair short
Combing
Manual removing
Hot bath
Anti lice shampoo / soaps
Use Coopex (Anti louse)
International Rules: (Health Regulation)
For Afghanistan to Pak (in Winter Season)
DDT Dusting (Through Gun (DDT bag)----- burst----DDT Dusting
(For controlling Louse & Typhus Fever)
Ironing of Cloth (Delouse).

21. Mite (Itch mite)Mite (Itch mite)
Scabies
Burrows
Prev: Measures:
1.Benzyl Benzoate
2.Tetmosol
3.Sulphur Ointment

22. TicksTicks
• Hard Tick:
Tick typhus, tularemia Viral
fever,
Soft Tick:
Q fever,
Relapsing fever
Types: Hard Tick
Soft Tick
Preventive Measures:
1. Insecticidal Control (DDT, Lindane)
2. Env: Control: Paths should be filled up
3. Protective clothes
(With repellent, Indalone

23. Principles Of Arthropod ControlPrinciples Of Arthropod Control
• 1. ENVIRONMENTAL
• 2. CHEMICAL
• 3. BIOLOGICAL
• 4. GENETIC
• 5. NEWER METHODS

24. Principles Of Arthropod ControlPrinciples Of Arthropod Control
1. Environmental Control
• Elimination of breeding places
• Filling & Drainage operation
• Proper disposal of refuse &
water management
• Health education & cleanliness
in & around homes
2. Chemical control:
• BY insecticides like DDT
3. Biological Control:
• Use of Larvi vorous fish
4. Genetic Control:
• Sterile male technique
• Chromosomal translocations
• Cytoplasmic incompatibility
5. Newer Methods:
• Insect growth regulators
• Sex attractants or Pheromones
• Chemosterilants

25. Malaria ControlMalaria Control 1. Environmental Control
Elimination of breeding
places
Filling & Drainage operation
Proper disposal of refuse &
water management
Health education &
cleanliness in & around
homes

26. 2. Chemical Control2. Chemical Control

27. 3. Biological Control3. Biological Control
By Larvi vorous Fish

28. 4. Genetic Control:4. Genetic Control:
• Sterile male technique ( Reproduction)
• Chromosomal translocations
( Breaking down of chromosomes )
• Cytoplasmic incompatibility
(Sperms , egg unable to form viable offsprings)

29. 5. Newer Methods5. Newer Methods
• Insect growth regulator
(Adulticide)
Chemosterilants
( chemical compound causes reproductive
sterility )