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www.miu.org.il
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Merhav โ€“ Movement for Israeli Urbanism (MIU) is a registered non-profit
organization which includes members from the private sector, government
offices and other NGOs.
Merhav promotes:
  Urban environments based on people centric public spaces.
  Quality urban environments that enable access by a variety of transit
  options.
                                                                                      โ€ซโ€“ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ืขืžื•ืชื” ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื”ืžื•ื ื” ื›ื™ื•ืโ€ฌ

                                                                                                                                                             *
                                                                                                                                                          โ€ซืžืจื—ื‘โ€ฌ
                                                                                             .โ€ซื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-005 ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™, ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ืโ€ฌ

                                                                                                                                                  : โ€ซืžืจื—ื‘ ืžืงื“ืžืชโ€ฌ
                                                                                                          .โ€ซืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืฉื”ืื“ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื•โ€ฌ
                                                                                                       .โ€ซืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืขื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”โ€ฌ
  Quality urban environments that are compact, vibrant, provide many                  โ€ซืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืงื•ืžืคืงื˜ื™ืช, ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ืช, ืžืจื•ื‘ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช. ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืชโ€ฌ
  opportunities and potential uses, and are designed with respect to the                               โ€ซื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ืœืงื”ื™ืœื”, ืœืืงืœื™ื ื•ืœื ื•ืฃ ืžืงื•ืžื™โ€ฌ
  local community, culture the environment and landscape.

We believe that the city is the solution we can transform the quality of urban life   โ€ซืื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืชโ€ฌ
in Israel by applying: People-oriented planning that prevents deterioration and       โ€ซื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื : ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืžืื ื™ ื”ืžื•ื ืข ื ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื–ื ื—ื” ื‘ืขืจื™ื, ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืขืชื™ืจโ€ฌ
atrophy of cities , Sustainable local development that enhances opportunities,              .โ€ซื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื, ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸโ€ฌ
Democratic urban planning processes that embrace all stakeholders

Merhav is the only organization that focuses on changing the urban built              โ€ซืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื—โ€ฌ
environment, and strives to develop the necessary policies and professional                                      .โ€ซื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™โ€ฌ
tools for making this transformation.
Merhav employs a holistic planning approach which addresses physical,                 โ€ซืžืจื—ื‘ ืคื•ืขืœืช ืžืชื•ืš ื’ื™ืฉืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœื ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื, ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ืโ€ฌ
economic, and social aspects of city life in order to achieve lasting change.                            .โ€ซื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžืโ€ฌ
1
Streets are for People:                         People are drawn to the
city because of its capacity to serve as a large pool of contacts with
other people. Contacts that generate opportunity โ€“ social, economic and
cultural. Such contacts are found primarily in public space, of which the
urban street is the most basic component. To fulfill its function as a public
space and a meeting place, the street must be inviting to pedestrians; it
                                                                                โ€ซืื ืฉื™ื ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ืžืื’ืจโ€ฌ          :โ€ซืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ืโ€ฌ   1
                                                                                .โ€ซื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืงืฉืจื™ื ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช - ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช, ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ
                                                                                โ€ซืงืฉืจื™ื ืืœื” ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืฉื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™. ื›ื“ื™โ€ฌ
                                                                                ,โ€ซืœืžืœื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื›ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ืžืงื•ื ืžืคื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ: ื ื•ื—โ€ฌ
                                                                                                                                                  .โ€ซื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸโ€ฌ

must be comfortable, safe and interesting.
2   A dense and continuous network
            of streets, with an average distance of 60-150 meters
            between junctions. This arrangement: a) Offers easy access
            for everyone and a variety of movement options for pedestrians,
            bicycles, public transport and private vehicles; b) Provides
            broad exposure for businesses and personal opportunity;
                                                                                       โ€ซื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืจื—ืงโ€ฌ     ,โ€ซืจืฉืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืฆืคื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชโ€ฌ
                                                                                       โ€ซื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆืžืชื™ื 06-051 ืžโ€™, ืžืืคืฉืจืช: ื. ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื ื•ื—ื” ืœื›ื•ืœื ืขื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸโ€ฌ
                                                                                                                                                         2
                                                                                       .โ€ซืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ, ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื, ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื•ืจื›ื‘ ืคืจื˜ื™; ื‘โ€ฌ
                                                                                       โ€ซื—ืฉื™ืคื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื; ื’. ื”ืงื˜ื ืช ื’ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”โ€ฌ
                                                                                       ;โ€ซื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ื™ื; ื“. ืชื•ืจืžืช ืœื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื˜ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืกื™ืขื”โ€ฌ
                                                                                       โ€ซื”. ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ืœื—ืœืงื•ืช ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœืฆืจื›ื™ืโ€ฌ
            c) Promises a reduction of traffic congestion on main roads;                                                                     .โ€ซื”ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจโ€ฌ
            d) Contributes to safety by reducing vehicle speeds; e) Allows for
            developmental flexibility in the division of the space into parcels that
            match the cityโ€™s changing needs.




                                                                                                                                         San Francisco
                               Copenhagen
Barcelona




                                                                            New York
                                                     London




                                                                                                                    Rome
                                                                                              Paris
3
Mixed uses:                  by creating a variety of places in which people
choose to spend time, these ensure a) the continual presence in the
cityโ€™s streets of different people, who come there at various times of day
for a variety of purposes; b) The presence of many different people in the
streets at nearly all hours increases everyoneโ€™s personal safety; c) Mixed
uses also reduce the need for travel and the dependence on the use of
                                                                               โ€ซืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื: ื. ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ืโ€ฌ   โ€ซืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ืโ€ฌ  3
                                                                               ;โ€ซืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืโ€ฌ
                                                                               โ€ซื‘. ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื™ืžืžื” ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸโ€ฌ
                                                                                                   .โ€ซื”ืื™ืฉื™; ื’. ื”ืงื˜ื ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื•ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™โ€ฌ
                                                                               โ€ซื™ืฉ ืœื”ืžื ืข ืžืœื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืื–ื•ืจ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืื•โ€ฌ
                                                                                                                                             .โ€ซืงืจื™ื™ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืšโ€ฌ
private vehicles.
It is best to avoid dividing the city into homogenous areas like purely
industrial or purely educational zones.
4
Density and efficient land use:                                   opulation
density is a vital component of good urbanism. It facilitates: a) the
provision of high quality services for residents; b) a high standard public
transport system; c) opportunity for successful business ventures in
city streets; d) peoplesโ€™ capacity to provide for their daily needs within
walking distance of their homes.
                                                                              โ€ซืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ืโ€ฌ :โ€ซืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื‘ืงืจืงืขโ€ฌ          4
                                                                              .โ€ซืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืกืคืง: ื. ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื; ื‘โ€ฌ
                                                                              .โ€ซืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช; ื’. ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืกื—ืจ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช; ื“โ€ฌ
                                                                                            .โ€ซืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœืกืคืง ืืช ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืžื‘ื™ืชืโ€ฌ
                                                                              ,โ€ซืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ืชื•ืกืกื™ื ื•ืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ
                                                                              โ€ซื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืืœื™ื”ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื. ืžืชื—ืช ืœืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ืžืืœื™ืช ืœืโ€ฌ
Urban density makes for vibrant city streets and takes advantage of                                             .โ€ซื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ืืœื ืคืจื‘ืจ ื”ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืคืจื˜ื™โ€ฌ
the economic, social and cultural opportunities to which people are           โ€ซื™ืฉ ืœื”ืžื ืข ืžื”ืคื™ืชื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืžืขื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืชื•ืšโ€ฌ
attracted. Below a certain density urbanism cannot exist, becoming rather                                   .โ€ซื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืงืจืงืข ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืฉืื™ื ื ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืจโ€ฌ
a suburban life dependent on travel by private vehicle.
It is therefore important to resist the temptation to meet the demand for
new housing and employment by expanding the city limits, but rather to
utilize existing urban land that is not being used efficiently.
5
Diverse populations:                         Human diversity is part of the
cityโ€™s strength. The presence in the city of people who differ from one
another is the force that generates economic and cultural opportunity.
Separate zones for homogenous populations do not allow the diversity of
opportunity necessary for the maintenance of a good city. Homogenous
areas that are developed all at once tend to age and decay all at once too.
                                                                              โ€ซื”ื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืขื•ืฆืžืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ. ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชโ€ฌ                 5
                                                                                                                              :โ€ซืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ
                                                                              โ€“ .โ€ซืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ
                                                                              โ€ซื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืื“ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™, ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื, ื’ื•ื“ืœ, ืžื™ืงื•ื, ื•ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ืฉืœโ€ฌ
                                                                              โ€ซื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช. ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืจ-ื”ืฉื’ื” ืฆืจื™ืšโ€ฌ
                                                                                                             .โ€ซืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืœื™ ืžื›ืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจโ€ฌ

A city needs housing that is diverse in the buildingsโ€™ construction, their
age, size, position and architecture (including both the outside structure
and the apartments inside it) if it is to draw in a diverse population and
allow it to stay. Affordable housing must not be concentrated and isolated,
but broadly distributed and integrated into every part of the city.
6
A range of transit opportunities:                                      Access
to services and employment is a key part of the individualโ€™s wellbeing. The
city must provide a range of high quality, readily available and comfortable
modes of transport for everyone, to ensure its continued existence and
prosperity. Cultivating the public space of the streets, implementing an
intelligent parking policy and planning urban focal points around
                                                                                โ€ซื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื•ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื”ื™ืโ€ฌ    :โ€ซืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”โ€ฌ         6
                                                                                ,โ€ซืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื˜. ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืืคืฉืจ ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืฉืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื–ืžื™ื ื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                                โ€ซืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื ื•ื—ื™ื ืœื›ื•ืœื ืืฉืจ ื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืืช ืงื™ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื’ืฉื•ื’ื” . ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™โ€ฌ
                                                                                โ€ซื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื ื™ื” ื ื‘ื•ื ื” ื•ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ืŸโ€ฌ
                                                                                .โ€ซื“ืจืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ, ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืชโ€ฌ
                                                                                โ€ซื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืจืช ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžืŸโ€ฌ
public transport improves accessibility for pedestrians and for people who      โ€ซื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”, ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืขื•ืžืก ืขืœ ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื”ื•ืคืš ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื, ื’ื•ืจืจโ€ฌ
ride bicycles and public transportation. It is important to avoid development               .โ€ซื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืงืจืงืข ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœื—ื ื™ื”โ€ฌ
that depends on the use of private vehicles exclusively, because these
serve only part of the cityโ€™s population, generate congestion in the cityโ€™s
streets and turn them into dangerous roads, as well as leading to costly
investments in infrastructure and an extensive waste of land that must be
allocated for parking.
7
Public structures, parks and gardens
make a city: Public buildings and parks are an important part
of cities, and they deserve high quality, prominent design that will make
them into landmarks in public space. They must be surrounded by many
residents, who live and/or work within walking distance. Public buildings
                                                                            โ€ซืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ืโ€ฌ  :โ€ซืžื‘ื ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืคืืจืงื™ื ื•ื’ื ื™ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ ืขื™ืจโ€ฌ           7
                                                                            โ€ซืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื—ืœืง ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืžื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื•ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ื•ืžื•ื‘ืœื˜, ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื•ื• ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืชโ€ฌ
                                                                            โ€ซืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™. ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืงืคื™ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื’ืจื™ื ื•ื ืžืฆืื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                            โ€ซื‘ืžืจื—ืง ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืžื”ื. ื™ืฉ ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื•ื’ื ื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืงื ื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื”โ€ฌ
                                                                            โ€ซื”ืื ื•ืฉื™, ื•ืœืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืœื—ืœื•ืงื” ืงื˜ื ื”, ืœืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื” ื•ืœืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                            โ€ซืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืจื’ืขื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืคื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจ. ืฉืคืข ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืจื•ื—ืงื™ื ืžืžื’ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ
and gardens should be encouraged to relate to the human scale, and to
the human sensitivity to small scale detail, greenery and color that can                           .โ€ซืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืœืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื•ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืชโ€ฌ
together provide special moments of urban beauty. An abundance of
public places located far away from residential areas waste resources in
their maintenance and are an ecological liability.
8
Participatory                    planning               processes:
encouraging cooperation between the community and the decision makers
in the cityโ€™s development fosters the public involvement and responsibility
that lead to the realization of ideas in action. The public are not a disruptive
element, and the inclusion of the community and other interested parties
in planning will generate a better understanding of the usersโ€™ needs,
                                                                                   โ€ซืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ืขืœื™โ€ฌ       :โ€ซืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืชืคื™ืโ€ฌ       8
                                                                                   โ€ซืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขโ€ฌ
                                                                                   โ€ซื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ื’ื•ืจื ืžืคืจื™ืข, ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืชืจื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื ื”โ€ฌ
                                                                                   โ€ซื•ื”ืชืืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื, ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                                                                             .โ€ซื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข, ื•ื™ื–ืจื– ืืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืžื•โ€ฌ
                                                                                   โ€ซื”ืขื™ืจ ืื™ื ื” ืื™, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉืคืจื• ืืช ืจืžืชโ€ฌ
and therefore a result that is more likely to meet them. It will also make                               .โ€ซื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ื ื™ ื›ื•ืœื•โ€ฌ
these interested parties more desirous of promoting the plans and their
implementation, a desire which will move things along more quickly.
The city is not an island. Systems of cooperation with neighboring
municipalities will improve the standard of services and the economic
opportunities of the metropolitan area as a whole.
9
Bolstering the city center: Cultivating the local
community generates a strong feeling of local pride. Renovating and
bolstering the city center is a key and an incentive towards empowering
the city as a whole. Strengthening the center contributes to the lives of all
the inhabitants of the city and its surroundings. It is easier to realize the
above planning principles in the old city center than in its periphery.
                                                                                โ€ซื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ื•ื”โ€ฌ               9
                                                                                                                              :โ€ซื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจโ€ฌ
                                                                                โ€ซืžืงื•ืžื™ืช. ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื•ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืคืชื— ื•ื”ืชืžืจื™ืฅ ืœื”ืขืฆืžืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ื•ืœื”. ื—ื™ื–ื•ืงโ€ฌ
                                                                                โ€ซื”ืžืจื›ื– ืชื•ืจื ืœื—ื™ื™ ื›ืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื”. ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸโ€ฌ
                                                                                                                                  .โ€ซื”ื โ€ืœ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืงโ€ฌ
10
A local heritage and identity:                                   The natural
and constructed heritage of the city is a precious resource. It is important
to identify, preserve and cultivate those public spaces, urban fabrics, old
neighborhoods and special buildings that make up part of the settlementโ€™s
story. Plan every new project as a potential contribution to the cityโ€™s unique
identity and image.
                                                                                 โ€ซื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื ื ื›ืกโ€ฌ               10
                                                                                                                        :โ€ซืžื•ืจืฉืช ื•ื–ื”ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืชโ€ฌ
                                                                                 โ€ซื™ืงืจ. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืื•ืชื ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื, ืžืจืงืžื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื™ื™ื, ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืชื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ื ื™ืโ€ฌ
                                                                                 โ€ซืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘, ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ืœื˜ืคื—ื. ืฉืงื•ืœ ื•ืชื›ื ืŸ ื›ืœโ€ฌ
                                                                                                  .โ€ซืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืชืจื•ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ืœืžื™ืฆื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจโ€ฌ
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10 tools for urbanism

  • 2. * Merhav โ€“ Movement for Israeli Urbanism (MIU) is a registered non-profit organization which includes members from the private sector, government offices and other NGOs. Merhav promotes: Urban environments based on people centric public spaces. Quality urban environments that enable access by a variety of transit options. โ€ซโ€“ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ืขืžื•ืชื” ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื”ืžื•ื ื” ื›ื™ื•ืโ€ฌ * โ€ซืžืจื—ื‘โ€ฌ .โ€ซื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-005 ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™, ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ืโ€ฌ : โ€ซืžืจื—ื‘ ืžืงื“ืžืชโ€ฌ .โ€ซืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืฉื”ืื“ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื•โ€ฌ .โ€ซืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืขื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”โ€ฌ Quality urban environments that are compact, vibrant, provide many โ€ซืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืงื•ืžืคืงื˜ื™ืช, ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ืช, ืžืจื•ื‘ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช. ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืชโ€ฌ opportunities and potential uses, and are designed with respect to the โ€ซื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ืœืงื”ื™ืœื”, ืœืืงืœื™ื ื•ืœื ื•ืฃ ืžืงื•ืžื™โ€ฌ local community, culture the environment and landscape. We believe that the city is the solution we can transform the quality of urban life โ€ซืื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืชโ€ฌ in Israel by applying: People-oriented planning that prevents deterioration and โ€ซื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื : ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืžืื ื™ ื”ืžื•ื ืข ื ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื–ื ื—ื” ื‘ืขืจื™ื, ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืขืชื™ืจโ€ฌ atrophy of cities , Sustainable local development that enhances opportunities, .โ€ซื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื, ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸโ€ฌ Democratic urban planning processes that embrace all stakeholders Merhav is the only organization that focuses on changing the urban built โ€ซืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื—โ€ฌ environment, and strives to develop the necessary policies and professional .โ€ซื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™โ€ฌ tools for making this transformation. Merhav employs a holistic planning approach which addresses physical, โ€ซืžืจื—ื‘ ืคื•ืขืœืช ืžืชื•ืš ื’ื™ืฉืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœื ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื, ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ืโ€ฌ economic, and social aspects of city life in order to achieve lasting change. .โ€ซื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžืโ€ฌ
  • 3. 1 Streets are for People: People are drawn to the city because of its capacity to serve as a large pool of contacts with other people. Contacts that generate opportunity โ€“ social, economic and cultural. Such contacts are found primarily in public space, of which the urban street is the most basic component. To fulfill its function as a public space and a meeting place, the street must be inviting to pedestrians; it โ€ซืื ืฉื™ื ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ืžืื’ืจโ€ฌ :โ€ซืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ืโ€ฌ 1 .โ€ซื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืงืฉืจื™ื ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช - ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช, ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืงืฉืจื™ื ืืœื” ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืฉื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™. ื›ื“ื™โ€ฌ ,โ€ซืœืžืœื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื›ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ืžืงื•ื ืžืคื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ: ื ื•ื—โ€ฌ .โ€ซื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸโ€ฌ must be comfortable, safe and interesting.
  • 4. 2 A dense and continuous network of streets, with an average distance of 60-150 meters between junctions. This arrangement: a) Offers easy access for everyone and a variety of movement options for pedestrians, bicycles, public transport and private vehicles; b) Provides broad exposure for businesses and personal opportunity; โ€ซื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืจื—ืงโ€ฌ ,โ€ซืจืฉืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืฆืคื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆืžืชื™ื 06-051 ืžโ€™, ืžืืคืฉืจืช: ื. ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื ื•ื—ื” ืœื›ื•ืœื ืขื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸโ€ฌ 2 .โ€ซืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ, ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื, ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื•ืจื›ื‘ ืคืจื˜ื™; ื‘โ€ฌ โ€ซื—ืฉื™ืคื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื; ื’. ื”ืงื˜ื ืช ื’ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”โ€ฌ ;โ€ซื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ื™ื; ื“. ืชื•ืจืžืช ืœื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื˜ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืกื™ืขื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื”. ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ืœื—ืœืงื•ืช ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœืฆืจื›ื™ืโ€ฌ c) Promises a reduction of traffic congestion on main roads; .โ€ซื”ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจโ€ฌ d) Contributes to safety by reducing vehicle speeds; e) Allows for developmental flexibility in the division of the space into parcels that match the cityโ€™s changing needs. San Francisco Copenhagen Barcelona New York London Rome Paris
  • 5. 3 Mixed uses: by creating a variety of places in which people choose to spend time, these ensure a) the continual presence in the cityโ€™s streets of different people, who come there at various times of day for a variety of purposes; b) The presence of many different people in the streets at nearly all hours increases everyoneโ€™s personal safety; c) Mixed uses also reduce the need for travel and the dependence on the use of โ€ซืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื: ื. ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ืโ€ฌ 3 ;โ€ซืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘. ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื™ืžืžื” ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸโ€ฌ .โ€ซื”ืื™ืฉื™; ื’. ื”ืงื˜ื ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื•ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื™ืฉ ืœื”ืžื ืข ืžืœื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืื–ื•ืจ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืื•โ€ฌ .โ€ซืงืจื™ื™ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืšโ€ฌ private vehicles. It is best to avoid dividing the city into homogenous areas like purely industrial or purely educational zones.
  • 6. 4 Density and efficient land use: opulation density is a vital component of good urbanism. It facilitates: a) the provision of high quality services for residents; b) a high standard public transport system; c) opportunity for successful business ventures in city streets; d) peoplesโ€™ capacity to provide for their daily needs within walking distance of their homes. โ€ซืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ืโ€ฌ :โ€ซืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื‘ืงืจืงืขโ€ฌ 4 .โ€ซืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืกืคืง: ื. ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื; ื‘โ€ฌ .โ€ซืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช; ื’. ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืกื—ืจ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช; ื“โ€ฌ .โ€ซืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœืกืคืง ืืช ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืžื‘ื™ืชืโ€ฌ ,โ€ซืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ืชื•ืกืกื™ื ื•ืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืืœื™ื”ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื. ืžืชื—ืช ืœืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ืžืืœื™ืช ืœืโ€ฌ Urban density makes for vibrant city streets and takes advantage of .โ€ซื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ืืœื ืคืจื‘ืจ ื”ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืคืจื˜ื™โ€ฌ the economic, social and cultural opportunities to which people are โ€ซื™ืฉ ืœื”ืžื ืข ืžื”ืคื™ืชื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืžืขื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืชื•ืšโ€ฌ attracted. Below a certain density urbanism cannot exist, becoming rather .โ€ซื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืงืจืงืข ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืฉืื™ื ื ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืจโ€ฌ a suburban life dependent on travel by private vehicle. It is therefore important to resist the temptation to meet the demand for new housing and employment by expanding the city limits, but rather to utilize existing urban land that is not being used efficiently.
  • 7. 5 Diverse populations: Human diversity is part of the cityโ€™s strength. The presence in the city of people who differ from one another is the force that generates economic and cultural opportunity. Separate zones for homogenous populations do not allow the diversity of opportunity necessary for the maintenance of a good city. Homogenous areas that are developed all at once tend to age and decay all at once too. โ€ซื”ื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืขื•ืฆืžืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ. ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชโ€ฌ 5 :โ€ซืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€“ .โ€ซืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืื“ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™, ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื, ื’ื•ื“ืœ, ืžื™ืงื•ื, ื•ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ืฉืœโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช. ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืจ-ื”ืฉื’ื” ืฆืจื™ืšโ€ฌ .โ€ซืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืœื™ ืžื›ืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจโ€ฌ A city needs housing that is diverse in the buildingsโ€™ construction, their age, size, position and architecture (including both the outside structure and the apartments inside it) if it is to draw in a diverse population and allow it to stay. Affordable housing must not be concentrated and isolated, but broadly distributed and integrated into every part of the city.
  • 8. 6 A range of transit opportunities: Access to services and employment is a key part of the individualโ€™s wellbeing. The city must provide a range of high quality, readily available and comfortable modes of transport for everyone, to ensure its continued existence and prosperity. Cultivating the public space of the streets, implementing an intelligent parking policy and planning urban focal points around โ€ซื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื•ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื”ื™ืโ€ฌ :โ€ซืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”โ€ฌ 6 ,โ€ซืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื˜. ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืืคืฉืจ ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืฉืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื–ืžื™ื ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื ื•ื—ื™ื ืœื›ื•ืœื ืืฉืจ ื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืืช ืงื™ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื’ืฉื•ื’ื” . ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™โ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื ื™ื” ื ื‘ื•ื ื” ื•ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ืŸโ€ฌ .โ€ซื“ืจืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืœื›ื™ ืจื’ืœ, ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืจืช ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžืŸโ€ฌ public transport improves accessibility for pedestrians and for people who โ€ซื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”, ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืขื•ืžืก ืขืœ ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื”ื•ืคืš ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื, ื’ื•ืจืจโ€ฌ ride bicycles and public transportation. It is important to avoid development .โ€ซื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืงืจืงืข ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœื—ื ื™ื”โ€ฌ that depends on the use of private vehicles exclusively, because these serve only part of the cityโ€™s population, generate congestion in the cityโ€™s streets and turn them into dangerous roads, as well as leading to costly investments in infrastructure and an extensive waste of land that must be allocated for parking.
  • 9. 7 Public structures, parks and gardens make a city: Public buildings and parks are an important part of cities, and they deserve high quality, prominent design that will make them into landmarks in public space. They must be surrounded by many residents, who live and/or work within walking distance. Public buildings โ€ซืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ืโ€ฌ :โ€ซืžื‘ื ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืคืืจืงื™ื ื•ื’ื ื™ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ ืขื™ืจโ€ฌ 7 โ€ซืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื—ืœืง ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืžื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื•ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ื•ืžื•ื‘ืœื˜, ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื•ื• ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™. ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืงืคื™ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื’ืจื™ื ื•ื ืžืฆืื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืžืจื—ืง ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืžื”ื. ื™ืฉ ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื•ื’ื ื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืงื ื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืื ื•ืฉื™, ื•ืœืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืœื—ืœื•ืงื” ืงื˜ื ื”, ืœืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื” ื•ืœืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืจื’ืขื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืคื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจ. ืฉืคืข ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืจื•ื—ืงื™ื ืžืžื’ื•ืจื™ืโ€ฌ and gardens should be encouraged to relate to the human scale, and to the human sensitivity to small scale detail, greenery and color that can .โ€ซืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืœืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื•ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืชโ€ฌ together provide special moments of urban beauty. An abundance of public places located far away from residential areas waste resources in their maintenance and are an ecological liability.
  • 10. 8 Participatory planning processes: encouraging cooperation between the community and the decision makers in the cityโ€™s development fosters the public involvement and responsibility that lead to the realization of ideas in action. The public are not a disruptive element, and the inclusion of the community and other interested parties in planning will generate a better understanding of the usersโ€™ needs, โ€ซืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ืขืœื™โ€ฌ :โ€ซืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืชืคื™ืโ€ฌ 8 โ€ซืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขโ€ฌ โ€ซื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ื’ื•ืจื ืžืคืจื™ืข, ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืชืจื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื ื”โ€ฌ โ€ซื•ื”ืชืืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื, ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ืโ€ฌ .โ€ซื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข, ื•ื™ื–ืจื– ืืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืžื•โ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืขื™ืจ ืื™ื ื” ืื™, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉืคืจื• ืืช ืจืžืชโ€ฌ and therefore a result that is more likely to meet them. It will also make .โ€ซื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ื ื™ ื›ื•ืœื•โ€ฌ these interested parties more desirous of promoting the plans and their implementation, a desire which will move things along more quickly. The city is not an island. Systems of cooperation with neighboring municipalities will improve the standard of services and the economic opportunities of the metropolitan area as a whole.
  • 11. 9 Bolstering the city center: Cultivating the local community generates a strong feeling of local pride. Renovating and bolstering the city center is a key and an incentive towards empowering the city as a whole. Strengthening the center contributes to the lives of all the inhabitants of the city and its surroundings. It is easier to realize the above planning principles in the old city center than in its periphery. โ€ซื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ื•ื”โ€ฌ 9 :โ€ซื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจโ€ฌ โ€ซืžืงื•ืžื™ืช. ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื•ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืคืชื— ื•ื”ืชืžืจื™ืฅ ืœื”ืขืฆืžืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ื•ืœื”. ื—ื™ื–ื•ืงโ€ฌ โ€ซื”ืžืจื›ื– ืชื•ืจื ืœื—ื™ื™ ื›ืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื”. ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸโ€ฌ .โ€ซื”ื โ€ืœ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืงโ€ฌ
  • 12. 10 A local heritage and identity: The natural and constructed heritage of the city is a precious resource. It is important to identify, preserve and cultivate those public spaces, urban fabrics, old neighborhoods and special buildings that make up part of the settlementโ€™s story. Plan every new project as a potential contribution to the cityโ€™s unique identity and image. โ€ซื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื ื ื›ืกโ€ฌ 10 :โ€ซืžื•ืจืฉืช ื•ื–ื”ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืชโ€ฌ โ€ซื™ืงืจ. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืื•ืชื ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื, ืžืจืงืžื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื™ื™ื, ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืชื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ื ื™ืโ€ฌ โ€ซืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘, ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ืœื˜ืคื—ื. ืฉืงื•ืœ ื•ืชื›ื ืŸ ื›ืœโ€ฌ .โ€ซืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืชืจื•ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ืœืžื™ืฆื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจโ€ฌ