It includes various types of programming errors: Syntax, Semantic, Logical, Runtime Error with the help of C++ programs. Also, discussed how to fix these errors. For better understanding, subscribe following YouTube channel: https://youtu.be/PIOCmaYdSCg

1. PROGRAMMING ERRORS
WITH NEHA SHARMA
SYNTAX ERROR
SEMANTIC ERROR
LOGICAL ERROR
RUNTIME ERROR

2. Programming Error or bug
Unexpected output produced by program is called Error or bug
ERROR BUG
Found by
Developer
Found by
Tester
Debugging
Process of finding and removing errors in the program is called debugging

3. SYNTAX
ERROR
Invalid
statement
written in
code
SEMANTIC
ERROR
Meaningless
statements in
the code
LOGICAL
ERROR
Poor logics
in the code
RUNTIME
ERROR
Error in
execution of
successful
compilation
of code
TYPES OF ERROR

4. SYNTAX ERROR
-- It occurs due to the violation of syntax or grammatical rules
-- These errors are detected at compile time.
Missing semicolon and
datatype
Error in expression
//C++ program to illustrate syntax error
#include<iostream.h>
void main()
{
x = 10; // Error: Undeclared identifier x
int y = 15;
cout <<“value of x and y” <<x<<y
//Error : ';' expected
}

5. SYNTAX ERROR
-- It occurs due to the violation of one or more grammar rules.
-- These errors are detected at compile time.
C++ program to illustrate syntax error
#include<iostream.h>
void main()
{
int x = ( 3 + 5; // missing closing parenthesis ‘)’
int y = 3 + * 5; // missing argument between '+'
and ‘*’
}
Error in expression
Missing semicolon and
datatype

6. SEMANTIC ERROR
-- It occurs when the statements written in the program are not
meaningful to the compiler.
-- Difficult to detect because their syntax is correct but their
meaning is wrong.
//C++ program to illustrate semantic error
#include<iostream.h>
void main()
{
int a, b, c;
a + b = c;
//Error: lvalue required as left operand of
assignment
}

7. SEMANTIC ERROR
-- It occurs when the statements written in the program are not
meaningful to the compiler.
-- Difficult to detect because their syntax is correct but their
meaning is wrong.
//C++ program to illustrate semantic error
#include<iostream.h>
int main ()
{
int i;
i++; //Error: The variable ‘i’ is not
initialized
}

8. SEMANTIC ERROR
-- It occurs when the statements written in the program are not
meaningful to the compiler.
-- Difficult to detect because their syntax is correct but their
meaning is wrong.
C++ program to illustrate semantic error
#include<iostream.h>
void main()
{
int i= “Hello”
//Error: cannot convert 'char *' to 'int'
}

9. LOGICAL ERROR
-- It occurs because of wrong programming designing
-- Program with logical error are executed. But, does not generate the
requested result.
//C++ program to illustrate logical error
#include<iostream.h>
int main ()
{
for( ; ; )
{
cout<< "This loop will run forever” ;
}
return 0;
}
Infinite Loop
Errors in performed
computation

10. LOGICAL ERROR
-- It occurs because of wrong programming designing
-- Program with logical error are executed. But, does not generate the
requested result.
//C++ program to illustrate logical error
#include<iostream.h>
int main () // program: sum of two numbers
{
int a, b;
c= a-b;
cout<< “sum of two number is”<< c;
// This will always return wrong value wrt
specification required was sum of two numbers
}
Errors in performed
computation
Infinite Loop

11. RUNTIME ERROR
-- It occurs during program execution after successful compilation
--It occurs due to performing illegal operations.
-- It leads to abnormal termination of the program.
//C++ program to illustrate runtime error
#include<iostream.h>
void main()
{
int n = 9, div = 0;
div = n/0; // Error: number is divided by 0,
cout<<“The result is”<<div;
//This program abnormally terminates
}

12. RUNTIME ERROR
-- It occurs during program execution after successful compilation
--It occurs due to performing illegal operations.
-- It leads to abnormal termination of the program.
//C++ program to illustrate runtime error
#include<iostream.h>
void main()
{
char *ptr;
*ptr= 3; // Error: point illegal memory space
}

13. CONCLUSION