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Cloud Computing : Definition
The word cloud is used as a metaphor for the
Internet, so the phrase cloud computing means a
type of Internet-based computing, where different
services —including servers, storage and
applications — are delivered to an organization's
computers and devices through the Internet.
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Cloud computing is an on-demand service that has
obtained mass appeal in corporate data centers.
The cloud enables the data center to operate like
the Internet and computing resources to be
accessed and shared as virtual resources in a
secure and scalable manner.
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Evolution of Cloud Computing
• Solving large
problems with
parallel
computing
• Network-based
subscriptions
to applications
• Offering computing
resources as a
metered service
• Anytime,
anywhere access
to virtualized IT
resources
delivered
dynamically as a
service.
Software as a Service
Utility Computing
Cloud Computing
Grid Computing
Abstraction –> Simplification -> Capability Aggregation
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Uses of Cloud Computing
• Quick service
• Safe and secured service
• Gratifying user experience
• Low expenditure
• Multiple user access
• Development environment
• Unlimited storage
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Cloud Deployment Models
The cloud models can be categorized in terms of
who manages and owns the Cloud
NIST defines four cloud deployment models
Public cloud
Private cloud
Community cloud
Hybrid cloud
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Public Cloud
• A public cloud or external cloud is based on the
standard cloud computing model in which a
service provider makes resources, such as virtual
machines (VM), applications or storage, available
to the general public over the internet. Public
cloud services may be free or offered on a pay-per-
usage model.
• IBM, Google, Amazon, Microsoft, etc. are some
examples
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• The advantages of the Public cloud are:
– Flexible
– Reliable
– High Scalable
– Low cost
– Place independence
• Disadvantages are:
– Less Secured
– Poor Customizable
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Private cloud
• Private cloud or internal cloud (corporate cloud) is
either supplied by a service provider or
constructed on-site at an organization's data
center.
• Private cloud tends to offer more security
because the resources are earmarked for specific
users only, that belongs to a particular
organization.
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• Advantages of private cloud:
– Highly private and secured:
– Control Oriented
• Disadvantages:
– Poor scalability: Private type of clouds is scaled
within internal limited hosted resources.
– Costly
– Pricing is inflexible, purchasing new hardware for
up-gradation is more costly.
– Restriction
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Community cloud
• Community Cloud is another type of cloud computing in
which the setup of the cloud is shared manually among
different organizations that belong to the same
community or area.
• Example of such a community is where
organizations/firms are there along with the financial
institutions/banks.
• A multi-tenant setup developed using cloud among
different organizations that belong to a particular
community or group having similar computing concern.
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• For joint business organizations, ventures,
research organizations and tenders community
cloud is the appropriate solution.
• Selection of the right type of cloud hosting is
essential in this case. Thus, community-based
cloud users need to know and analyze the
business demand first.
Community cloud contd...
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Hybrid cloud
• A hybrid cloud environment extends a secure
private cloud to a public cloud when resource
demand rises.
• This paradigm allows organizations to maintain
compliance while simultaneously taking
advantage of public resources.
• Organizations that utilize hybrid cloud can
maximize their internal resources without risking
an overload if resource needs spike unexpectedly.
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Alternative Deployment models
Jericho cloud cube model
➢
There is an open-group association Jericho Forum
& their focus is on how to protect and secure cloud
network. They put forward a model that helps to
categorize a cloud network based on four-
dimensional factors. The figure is drawn below
showing the Cloud Cube model.
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Jericho cloud cube model contd...
●
Physical Location of Data: The location of data
may be internally or externally which ultimately
defines the organization's boundary.
• Ownership: Ownership is proprietary or open, is a
measurement for ownership of technology and its
interoperability, use of data and ease of data-
transfer and finally degree of vendor's application's
lock-in.
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• Security Range: is parameterized or de-
parameterized which measures whether the
operations are inside or outside the security
boundary, firewall, etc.
• Sourcing: In-sourcing or out-sourcing which
defines whether the customer or the service
provider provides the service.
Jericho cloud cube model contd...
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The Linthicum model
●
It is the proponent of a cloud computing model
that enhances the maturity through the stacks.
●
10 major categories are:
➢ Storage as a Service : The ability to leverage
storage that physically exists remotely
➢ Database as a Service : The ability to leverage
the services of a remotely hosted database
sharing with other users
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➢ Information as a Service : The ability to
consume any type of information remotely
hosted through well defined interface
➢ Process as a Service : A remote resource that's
able to bind many resources together, either
hosted within the same cloud or remote to
create business processes
➢ Application as a Service : is any application
delivered over the platform of the web to an end
user. Referred as SaaS
The Linthicum model contd...
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➢ Platform as a Service : A complete platform
delivered through remotely hosted platform to
subscribers
➢ Integration as a Service : The ability to deliver a
complete integration stack from the cloud
➢ Security as a Service : The ability to deliver core
security services remotely over the internet
The Linthicum model contd...
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➢ Management/Governance as a Service : Any on-
demand service that provide the ability to
manage one or more cloud services
➢ Testing as a Service : The ability to test local or
cloud delivered systems using testing software
and services that are remotely hosted
The Linthicum model contd...
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Cloud Delivery Models
• Software as a Service (SaaS)
Shared Internet infrastructure such as servers and storage
Eg: Zoho Suite, Apple’s MobileMe, Google Docs
• Platform as a Service (PaaS)
– Application platform that provides developers with quick
deployment
– Eg: Google App Engine, force.com, Microsoft Azure
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
– Stateless cloud enabled multiple instance applications on a
pay-per-use pricing model
Eg: Amazone EC2 & S3, Terremark, Dropbox, Sales force
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Software as a
Service (SaaS)
Platform as a
Service (PaaS)
Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS)
Google
App
Engine
SalesForce
CRM
LotusLive
Adopted from: Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell, Tim
Grance
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Software as a Service (SaaS)
• Software as a Service, also known as cloud
application services, represent the most
commonly utilized option for businesses in the
cloud market. SaaS utilizes the internet to deliver
applications to its users, which are managed by a
third-party vendor.
• A majority of SaaS applications are run directly
through the web browser and do not require any
downloads or installations on the client side.
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SaaS Delivery
• Due to its web delivery model, SaaS eliminates the
need to download and install applications on each
individual computer.
• vendors manage all of the potential technical
issues - data, middleware, servers, and storage,
while businesses can simply streamline their
maintenance and support.
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SaaS Advantages
• SaaS provides numerous advantages to
employees and companies by greatly reducing
the time and money spent on tedious tasks -
installing, managing, and upgrading software.
This frees up a lot of time for technical staff to
spend on more pressing matters and issues
within the organization.
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SaaS Characteristics
Managed from a central location
Hosted on a remote server
Accessible over the internet
Users not responsible for hardware or software
updates
Eg : Google Apps, Dropbox, Salesforce, Cisco
WebEx, Concur, GoToMeeting
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PaaS: Platform as a Service
• Cloud platform services or Platform as a Service
(PaaS), provide cloud components to certain
software while being used mainly for applications.
• PaaS provides a framework for developers that
they can build upon and use to create customized
applications. All servers, storage, and networking
can be managed by the enterprise or a third-party
provider while the developers can maintain
management of the applications.
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PaaS Delivery
• PaaS provides a platform for software creation. This
platform is delivered over the web, and gives
developers the freedom to concentrate on building
the software without worrying about operating
systems, software updates, storage or
infrastructure.
• PaaS allows businesses to design and create
applications that are built into the PaaS with special
software components.
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PaaS Advantages
• No matter what size of company
• Makes the development and deployment of apps simple
and cost-effective
• Highly available and Scalable
• Gives developers the ability to create customized apps
without the headache of maintaining the software
• Greatly reduces the amount of coding
• Automates business policy
• Allows easy migration to the hybrid model
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PaaS Characteristics
• It is built on virtualization technology, meaning
resources can easily be scaled up or down as your
business changes
• Provides a variety of services to assist with the
development, testing and deployment of apps
• Numerous users can access the same development
application
• Web services and databases are integrated
• Eg : AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Windows Azure, Heroku,
Force.com, Google App Engine, Apache Stratos,
OpenShift
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When to Use PaaS ?
• If there are multiple developers working on the
same development project, or if other vendors
must be included as well, PaaS can provide great
speed and flexibility to the entire process.
• PaaS is also beneficial if you wish to be able to
create your own customized applications. This
cloud service also can greatly reduce costs and it
can simplify some challenges that come up if you
are rapidly developing or deploying an app.
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IaaS: Infrastructure as a Service
• Cloud infrastructure services, known as
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), are made of
highly scalable and automated compute resources.
IaaS is fully self-service for accessing and
monitoring things like compute, networking,
storage, and other services.
• It allows businesses to purchase resources on-
demand and as-needed instead of having to buy
hardware outright.
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IaaS Delivery
• IaaS delivers Cloud Computing infrastructure to
organizations, including servers, network, operating
systems, and storage, through virtualization
technology.
• These cloud servers are typically provided to the
client through a dashboard or an API, and IaaS clients
have complete control over the entire infrastructure.
• IaaS provides the same technologies and capabilities
as a traditional data center without having to
physically maintain or manage all of it.
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IaaS Delivery contd..
• IaaS clients can still access their servers and storage
directly, but it is all outsourced through a virtual
data center in the cloud.
• IaaS clients are responsible for managing aspects
such as applications, runtime, OS, middleware and
data.
• Some providers offer more services outside of the
virtualization layer such as databases or message
queuing.
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IaaS Advantages
• It is the most flexible cloud computing model
• Easily allows for automated deployment of
storage, networking, servers, and processing
power
• Hardware can be purchased based on consumption
• Gives clients complete control of their
infrastructure
• Resources can be purchased as-needed
• Highly scalable
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IaaS Characteristics
• Resources are available as a service
• The cost varies depending on consumption
• Services are highly scalable
• Typically includes multiple users on a single piece
of hardware
• Provides complete control of the infrastructure to
organizations
• Dynamic and flexible
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When to Use IaaS
• For a startup or a small company, IaaS is a great
option so they don’t have to spend the time or
money trying to create hardware and software.
• For large organizations who wish to have
complete control over their applications and
infrastructures, but are looking to only purchase
what is actually consumed or needed.
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• For rapidly growing companies, as they don’t have
to commit to a specific hardware or software as the
needs change and evolve. It also helps if you are
unsure what demands a new application will need
as there is a lot of flexibility to scale up or down as
needed.
• DigitalOcean, Linode, Rackspace, Amazon Web
Services (AWS), Cisco Metapod, Microsoft Azure,
Google Compute Engine (GCE) etc. are some
examples
Use of IaaS contd..
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Benefits
• Maintains highly virtualizes and standardizes
infrastructure
• Sustains massive scalability
• Provides best quality of service – fault tolerance
and high reliability
• Offers instant application deployment
• Provides enormous storage capacity
• Available at low cost and highly automated
computing
