 Indus Basin
 Makran coastal basin
 Ground Water
 Terbela Dam
 Mangla Dam
 Chashma barrage

 Indus River sustained early human civilization along its banks,
known as Indus Valley civilization.
 The Indus river constitutes of the mountain basins Indus plain,
Karachi plains & desert areas of Sindh.
 Its source of water is snowing, glacier melting & rain falls .
 The catchment area of the Indus is estimated at almost 386,100
square mi (1 million square km), and all of Pakistan's major
rivers flow into it.
 It is dammed near Peshawar to form the Tarbela Reservoir

 Makran coastal region of Baluchistan ,surrounded with three
mountain ranges system , Makran coastal Basin Constitutes of
streams of Malir, Hub , Porali, Hingol, & kech. Its main source is
rainfall .
 it is half desert, half coastal area. It is one of the rich and amazing
coasts situated by the side of Arabian Sea and the gulf of Oman

 the water beneath the surface of the ground, consisting large
ly of surface water that has seeped down:
 the source of water in springs, Tube wells and wells.
 Today, more than 60 percent of Pakistan's water is pumped
from natural underground reservoirs, with no limits placed on
how many wells can be drilled or how much anyone can take.
 According to Punjab irrigation department, the water table in
the province is going down by three feet per year.

 Tarbela Dam is located in Pakistan & is the world's largest fill-
type dam, 2nd largest dam in the world in terms of reservoir
capacity, which is 11.62 million acre-feet .
 Tarbela dam was constructed as part of the Indus Basin project
after signing the 1960 Indus water treaty bw India & Pakistan.
 Main water reservoir of Pakistan .
 To control water for irrigation use, substantial generation of
hydroelectric power and flood control by conserving snow melt
and monsoon flows of the Indus River.

 Mangla Dam, embankment dam on the Jehlum river near
Jehlum , completed in 1967, one of the main structures in
the Indus Basin river.
 It is the 7th largest dam in the world.
 storage capacity to some 7.4 million acre-feet (9.13 billion cubic
meters).
 initial installed power capacity of at least 600 megawatts, which
was increased to 1,000 megawatts in the mid-1990s

 Chashma Barrage is a barrage on the River Indus in Mianwali
District of the Punjab. Completed in 1971.
 Also Used for power generation, installed capacity power Station
is 184 MW.
 It’s purpose is to supply water to CJ-Link Canal on the left and
Chashma Right Bank Canal on its right side.

 Irrigation
 Power generation
 Drinking
 Industry

 Pakistan have worlds strongest irrigation system which is
used to supply water to the agriculture sector .
 Out of 240 maf , 172 maf water is utilized for irrigation
purpose.

 Mostly , Pakistan produce electricity through thermal &
hydro power projects & for this purpose water is used
 Conventional power plants require massive amount of
water

 2% of water is used for the purpose of drinking
 Humanity cannot survive without drinking water

 According to available data 3% of water is used for the
purpose of industry in Pakistan
 It is used for cooling purpose & manufacturing
 Moreover due to industry, water pollution is increased.

 Wastage
 More than 36 MAF water is wasted in paksitan

 Low rainfall causing shortage of water in Pakistan
 The biggest reason of low rainfall is very short range of
forests in Pakistan.
 We can overcome this problem by planting more & more
trees

 Dams of Pakistan losing their capacity of storing water,
That is why, most of the river water & rainfall water is
wasted .
All dams need to extend their capacity to store water
New dams like kala baagh dam project must be completed

 Growth of industry causing environmental changes &
these changes Have bad effects on climates, increasing
Temperature which low rainfall.
 Moreover water us also wasted for the purpose of
industrial usage .