1. Immigration, Urban Life, and
Social Reform in the
Free-Labor North
1838–1860

2. The Transformation of American Labor

3. Fifth Avenue vs. The Old Brewery

4. A Changing World for Northern Working People

7. The Shift Away from Agriculture

10. Immigrants Swell the Wage Labor Ranks

14. National Origins and American Jobs: The Irish

16. National Origins and American Jobs: The Germans

18. African Americans in the Free-Labor North

20. Wage-Earning Women Expand Their Sphere But
Not Their Rights

21. Urban Mayhem and Middle-Class Reform

22. Leisure Activities and Class Conflict

24. Urban Disorder and Family Crises

25. Middle-Class Efforts at Moral Reform

26. Source of Moral Decay: Who’s to Blame?

27. Nativist Attacks on Immigrants, African
Americans, and Workers

30. Radical Reform

31. Communal Experiments and Cooperative
Enterprises: Utopian Communities

32. Models for Utopian Community

33. Movements for Land Reform

34. Women Reformers Seek Rights for Themselves

36. Abolitionists Fight Slavery and Each Other

38. The Abolition of Slavery and Party Politics

40. David Blight on the Underground Railroad

41. James Horton on Slave Narratives