3.  The Revolutions of
1848 were the most
violent uprisings since
the French Revolution
 CommonThemes:
 Nationalism
 Liberalism
 Romanticism

4.  February – crackdown
on freedoms by Louis
Phillip
 Uprising ensues –
barricades, etc
 Second Republic
declared
 Unfortunately, many of
wealthiest leave Paris

6.  Nephew of Napoleon
Bonaparte
 Elected in Fall 1848
with 70% of the vote
 Becomes first and last
president of the
Second Republic

7. In 1852 Louis Napoleon dissolves the National Assembly, and becomes Emperor Napoleon III

8.  Revolution in France
spurs liberals in Prussia
to action – Barricades in
Berlin!
 In March Emperor
FrederickWilliam IV
grants liberal demands
 Parliament formed in
Frankfurt to draft
Constitution of Unified
Germany

9.  Composed of middle
class
 Promote Universal
manhood suffrage – no
Working class members
 Nationalistic
 GroßsDeutschland/Klein
Deutschland?
 Offers crown to Fredrich
William IV– Declines
 No “crown from the
gutter”

10.  Main power for reaction in
Europe
 1825 Decemberist Fail
 Czar Nicholas I uber-reactionary
 March 26 Manifesto: Resist any
revolutionary aggression
 Crushes Hungarian Revolution
in 1848
 Seeds sewn though for reform
inAustria later
 “Dual Monarchy”
 Gives support to Prussia
allowing FW IV to resist reform

11.  Chartists gather to
march on London
 Volunteer Militias and
Army guard bridges,
prevent them from
getting into London
 Chartist movement
withers

13.  1832 Reform Bill
 1834 sewers
 Corn Law Repeal 1846
 No subsidies!
 Landowners don’t grow
wheat any more
 Import from U.S./Canada
 Pastoralism instead
 Free-trade for all
 Who does this benefit?
 Foreign Affairs

14.  After 1848
Republicanism suffers
blow
 England emerges
relatively unscathed.
Liberal Reforms set
stage for surge in growth
 Marx and Engels give up
on Liberal reform.