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[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],OBJECTIVES: After studying Chapter 9, the reader should be able to:
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],KEY TERMS: Continued
[object Object],KEY TERMS: ( cont. ) ®
WRENCHES ,[object Object],Figure 9–1 A forged wrench after it has been forged but before the flashing, extra material around the wrench has been removed.
[object Object],Figure 9–2 A typical open-end wrench. The size is different on each end and notice that the head is angled 15 degrees at each end.
[object Object],Figure 9–3 A typical box-end wrench is able to grip the bolt or nut at points completely around the fastener. Each end is a different size. A box-end wrench should be used to loosen or to tighten fasteners.  Figure 9–4 The end of a box-end wrench is angled 15 degrees to allow clearance for nearby objects or other fasteners. Continued
[object Object],Figure 9–5 A combination wrench has an open end at one end and a box end at the other. A combination wrench allows the tech to loosen or tighten a fastener using the box end of the wrench, and turn it around to use the open end to increase the speed of rotating the fastener. Continued
[object Object],Figure 9–6 An adjustable wrench. Adjustable wrenches are sized by the overall length of the wrench and not how  far the jaws open. Common sizes include 8, 10, and 12 inch. An adjustable wrench should not be used to loosen or tighten fasteners because the moveable jaws can loosen their grip on the fastener, causing it to become rounded. Continued
[object Object],Figure 9–7 The end of a typical line wrench, which shows that it is capable of grasping most of the head of the fitting.
[object Object]
RATCHETS, SOCKETS AND EXTENSIONS ,[object Object],Figure 9–8 A typical ratchet used to rotate a socket. A ratchet makes a ratcheting noise when it is being rotated in the opposite direction from loosening or tightening. A knob or lever on the ratchet allows the user to switch directions.
Figure 9–9 A typical flex handle used to rotate a socket, also called a breaker bar because it usually has a longer handle than a ratchet and therefore, can be used to apply more torque to a fastener than a ratchet. A ratchet turns the socket in only one direction and allows the rotating of the ratchet handle back and forth in a narrow space.  Extensions  and  universal joints  are used with sockets to allow access to fasteners in restricted locations. Sockets are available in various  drive sizes , including 1/4-inch, 3/8-inch, and 1/2-inch. Continued
Figure 9–10 The most commonly used socket drive sizes include 1 /4 -inch, 3 /8 -inch, and 1 /2 -inch drive. Many heavy-duty truck and/or industrial applications use 3/4 and 1-inch sizes. The drive size is the distance of each side of the square drive. Sockets and ratchets of the same size are designed to work together. Continued
Figure 9–11 A six-point socket fits the head of the bolt or nut on all sides. A twelve-point socket can round off the head of a bolt or nut if a lot of force is applied. It is sometimes confusing which way to rotate a wrench or screwdriver, especially when the head of the fastener is pointing away from you. To help visualize while looking at the fastener, say “righty-tighty, lefty-loosey .” Right to Tighten
[object Object],Figure 9–12 A crowfoot socket is designed to reach fasteners using a ratchet or breaker bar with an extension. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Figure 9–13 Using a torque wench to tighten connecting rod nuts on an engine. When force is removed from the handle, another click is heard. The wrench should be set back to zero after use and check for calibration regularly. Continued
Figure 9–14 A beam-type torque wrench that displays the torque reading on the face of the dial. The beam display is read as the beam defects, which is in proportion to the amount of torque applied to the fastener. A  beam-type torque wrench  is used to measure torque. Instead of presetting the value, the actual torque is displayed on the dial as the fastener is tightened. Beam-type wrenches are available in 1/4, 3/8, and 1/2 inch drives, in English and metric units.  Continued
Figure 9–15 Torque wrench calibration checker. Torque wrenches should be checked regularly. For example, Honda has a torque wrench calibration setup at each of their training centers. It is expected that a torque wrench be checked for accuracy before every use. Most experts recommend that torque wrenches be checked and adjusted as needed at least every year and more often if possible.  Check Torque Wrench Calibration Regularly Continued
The unit for torque is expressed as a force times the distance (leverage) from the object. Therefore, the official unit for torque is  lb-ft  (pound-feet) or Newton-meters (a force times a distance). It is commonly expressed in  ft-lbs  and even some torque wrenches are labeled with this unit. Is it Lb-Ft or Ft-Lb or Torque? Misreading torque specs is easy to do but can have serious damaging results. Specs for fasteners are commonly expressed lb-ft. Many smaller fasteners are tightened to specifications expressed in  lb-in .    1 lb-ft  =  12 lb-in. If a fastener were accidentally tightened to 24 lb-ft instead of 24 lb-in., the actual torque applied will be 288 lb-in. instead of the specified 24 lb-in. The extra torque will likely break the fastener, but it could also warp or distort the part being tightened. Always double-check the torque specs. Double-Check the Specifications
[object Object],Figure 9–16 Deep sockets allow access to the nut that has a stud plus other locations needing great depth, such as spark plugs. Select the appropriate drive size.  For small work, such as on the dash, select a 1/4-inch drive. For most general work, use a 3/8. For suspension, steering and other large fasteners, use a 1/2-inch drive. When loosening, pull toward yourself.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Socket adapters  are available and can be used for different drive size sockets on a ratchet. Combinations include: Using a larger drive ratchet or breaker bar on a smaller size socket can cause the application of too much force to the socket, which could crack or shatter. Using a smaller size drive tool on a larger socket will usually not cause any harm, but would greatly reduce the amount of torque that can be applied to the bolt or nut. Use Socket Adapters with Caution
Whenever a fastener is difficult to remove, some technicians will insert the handle of a ratchet or a breaker bar into a length of steel pipe. The extra length of the pipe allows the technician to exert more torque than can be applied using the drive handle alone. However, the extra torque can easily overload the socket and ratchet, causing them to break or shatter, which could cause personal injury. Avoid Using “Cheater Bars”
SCREWDRIVERS ,[object Object],The most commonly used is called a  flat tip  or  straight blade . Flat-tip screwdrivers are sized by the width of the blade. This width should match the width of the slot in the screw.  Figure 9–17 A flat-tip (straight blade) screwdriver. The width of the blade should match the width of the slot in the fastener. Continued
[object Object],CAUTION:   Do not use a screwdriver as a pry tool or as a chisel. Always use the proper tool for each application.
Figure 9–18 Two stubby screwdrivers that are used to access screws that have limited space above. A straight blade is on top and a #2 Phillips screwdriver is on the bottom. Both straight and Phillips screwdrivers are available with a short blade and handle for access to fasteners with limited room.
[object Object],Figure 9–19 An offset screwdriver is used to install or remove fasteners that do not have enough space above to use a conventional screwdriver.
[object Object],Figure 9–20 An impact screwdriver used to remove slotted or Phillips head fasteners that cannot be broken loose using a standard screwdriver. The force from the blow does two things: It applies a force downward holding screwdriver tip in the slot and also applies a twisting force to loosen (or tighten) the screw.  Continued
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A Canadian named P. L. Robertson invented the Robertson screw and screwdriver in 1908, which uses a square-shaped tip with a slight taper. The Robertson screw-driver uses color-coded handles because different size screws required different tip sizes. The color and sizes include: The Robertson screws are rarely found in the United States but are common in Canada. What is a Robertson Screwdriver? Continued
[object Object]
HAMMERS AND MALLETS ,[object Object],Figure 9–21 A typical ball-peen hammer. Continued
[object Object],Figure 9–22 A rubber mallet used to deliver a force to an object without harming the surface.
[object Object],Figure 9–23 A dead-blow hammer that was left outside in freezing weather. The plastic covering was damaged, which destroyed this hammer. The lead shot is encased in the metal housing and then covered. A hammer is usually sized by the weight of the head of the hammer and the length of the handle. For example, a commonly used ball-peen hammer has an 8-ounce head with an 11-inch handle.
NOTE:   A claw hammer has a claw used to remove nails and is not used for automotive service. Safe Use of Hammers and Mallets   All mallets and hammers should be cleaned after use and not exposed to extreme temperatures. Never use a hammer or mallet that is damaged in any way. Always use caution to avoid doing damage to components and surrounding areas.
PLIERS ,[object Object],Figure 9–24 Typical slip-joint pliers, which are also common household pliers. The slip joint allows the jaws to be opened to two different settings. There are two different positions where the junction of the handles meet to achieve a range of sizes of objects that can be gripped.
[object Object],Figure 9–25 Multigroove adjustable pliers are known by many names, including the trade name “Channel Locks.”
Figure 9–26 A linesman’s pliers are very useful because they can help perform many automotive service jobs. ,[object Object],The center parts of the jaws are designed to grasp round objects such as pipe or tubing without slipping.
[object Object],Figure 9–27 Diagonal-cut pliers are another common tool that has many names.
[object Object],Figure 9–28 Needle- nose pliers are used where there is limited access to a wire or pin that needs installed or removed. Most have a wire cutter located at the base near the pivot. There are several variations. including right angle or slightly angled jaws to allow access to cramped areas. Continued
[object Object],[object Object],Figure 9–29 Locking pliers are best known by their trade name VISE GRIPS  . ® Safe Use of Pliers   Pliers should not be used to remove any bolt or other fastener. They should only be used when specified by the vehicle manufacturer. Continued
[object Object],Technicians often use slang or brand names of tools rather than the proper term. This results in some confusion for new technicians. Some examples are given in the following table. Brand Name versus Proper Name Crescent wrench Vise Grips Channel Locks Adjustable wrench Locking pliers Water pump pliers or multigroove adjustable pliers Diagonal cutting pliers Monkey wrench Pump pliers Dikes or side cuts Proper Term Slang Name ®
Figure 9–30 Snap-ring pliers are also called lock-ring pliers and are designed to remove internal and external snap rings (lock rings). ,[object Object]
Figure 9–31 Files come in many different shapes and sizes. Never use a file without a handle. ,[object Object]
[object Object],Often soft metal particles can become stuck in a file, especially when using it to file aluminum or other soft metals. Rub some chalk into the file before using it to prevent this from happening. Use Chalk
CUTTERS ,[object Object],Continued
Figure 9–32 Tin snips are used to cut thin sheets of metal or carpet. Continued
[object Object],Figure 9–33 A utility knife uses replaceable blades and is used to cut carpet and other materials. Safe Use of Cutters   When using cutters, wear eye protection or a face shield to guard against metal pieces ejected during the cut. Always follow recommended procedures.
PUNCHES AND CHISELS ,[object Object],Punches are measured across the diameter of the machined end. Sizes include 1/16 inch, 1/8 inch, 3/16 inch, and 1/4 inch.  Figure 9–34 A punch used to drive pins from assembled components. This type of punch is also called a pin punch. Continued
[object Object],Figure 9–35 Warning stamped in the side of a punch warning that goggles should be worn when using this tool. Always follow safety warnings. Safe Use of Punches and Chisels   Always wear eye protection when using a punch or a chisel. Hardened steel is brittle and parts of the punch could fly off and cause serious personal injury. Continued
Figure 9–36 Use a grinder or a file to remove the mushroom material on the end of a punch or chisel. Punches and chisels can also have the top rounded off, which is called “mushroomed.” This material must be ground off to help avoid the possibility that the overhanging material is loosened and becomes airborne during use.
[object Object],REMOVERS ® CAUTION:   Do not use penetrating oil as lubricating oil. It is volatile and will evaporate after usage, leaving little lubricant protection behind. ®
[object Object],Figure 9–37 A stud remover uses an offset serrated wheel to grasp the stud so it will be rotated when a ratchet or breaker bar is used to rotate the assembly. Stud remover   Grips the part above the surface and uses a cam or wedge to grip the stud as it is rotated by a ratchet or breaker bar. Continued
Figure 9–38 A nut splitter is used to split a nut that cannot be removed. After the nut has been split, a chisel is used to remove the nut. Nut splitter   A  nut splitter  works by splitting the nut from the bolt. Insert the cutter against a flat of the nut and tighten the threaded bolt. The nut will split away, and can be removed. CAUTION:   Do not rotate the entire nut splitter or damage to the cutting wedge will occur.
[object Object],Figure 9–39 Set of bolt extractors, commonly called easy outs. A hole is drilled in a broken bolt. The extractor is inserted and rotated counter-clockwise with a wrench. As the extractor rotates, the grooves grip tighter into the wall of the hole drilled in the broken bolt. As a result, extractors are capable of removing most broken bolts.
An extractor (easy out) is hardened steel and removing this and the broken bolt is now a job for a professional machine shop. The part, which could be as large as an engine block, needs to be removed from the vehicle and taken to a machine shop that is equipped to handle this type of job. One method involves using an electrical discharge machine (EDM). An EDM uses a high amperage electrical current to produce thousands of arcs between the electrode and the broken tool. The part is submerged in a nonconducting liquid and each tiny spark vaporizes a small piece of the broken tool. I Broke Off an Easy Out —Now What? NOTE:   Always select the largest extractor that can be used to help avoid the possibility of breaking the extractor while trying to remove the bolt. Continued
Figure 9–40 Removing plugs or bolts is easier if the plug is first heated to cherry red color, using a torch, and then applying wax. During cooling, the wax flows in between the threads, making it easier to remove. Many times rusted fasteners can be removed by using heat to expand the metal and break the rust bond between the fastener and the nut or casting. Many technicians heat the fastener using a torch and then apply paraffin wax or a candle to the heated fastener. See Figure 9–40. The wax will melt and as the part cools, will draw the liquid wax down between the threads. After allowing the part to cool, attempt to remove the fastener. It will often be removed without any trouble. The Wax Trick
Apply a small amount of valve grinding compound to a Phillips or Torx screw or bolt head. The gritty valve grinding compound “grips” the screwdriver or tool bit and prevents the tool from slipping up and out of the screw head. Valve grinding compound is available in a tube from most automotive parts stores. The Valve Grinding Compound Trick
Whenever removing any automotive component, it is wise to screw the bolts back into the holes a couple of threads by hand. This ensures that the right bolt will be used in its original location when the component or part is put back on the vehicle. Often, the same diameter of fastener is used on a component, but the length of the bolt may vary. Spending just a couple of seconds to put the bolts and nuts back where they belong when the part is removed can save a lot of time when the part is being reinstalled. Besides making certain that the right fastener is being installed in the right place, this method helps prevent bolts and nuts from getting lost or kicked away. How much time have you wasted looking for that lost bolt or nut? It Just Takes a Second
Figure 9–48 A binder clip being used to keep a fender cover from falling. A binder clip (size 1-1/4 inches wide) is used by wise technicians to help keep fender covers in place. Binder clips are found at office supply stores. Use a Binder Clip
HACKSAWS ,[object Object],Continued
[object Object],Figure 9–41 A typical hacksaw that is used to cut metal. If cutting sheet metal or thin objects, a blade with more teeth should be used.
Figure 9–45 A seal driver or installer is usually plastic and is designed to seat the seal. Seal Drivers   A  seal driver can be plastic or metal, usually aluminum. It is used to seat the outer lip of a grease seal in the grease seal pocket. A seal is usually driven into position using a plastic mallet and seal driver that is the same size as the outside diameter of the grease seal retainer.
SEAL DRIVERS AND PULLERS ,[object Object],Continued Figure 9–44 A seal puller being used to remove a seal from a rear axle.
ELECTRICAL HAND TOOLS ,[object Object],A wire is attached to a terminal of the bulb, which is connected to a clean metal part of the vehicle. The other end attaches to a point that can be used to test for electricity at a connector or wire. When there is power and a good connection, the light bulb lights.  Figure 9–46 A typical 12-volt test light.
[object Object],Figure 9–47 An electric soldering gun used to make electrical repairs. Soldering guns are sold by the wattage rating. The higher the wattage, the greater amount of heat treated. Most solder guns used for automotive electrical work usually fall within the 60- to 160-watt range. ,[object Object],Continued
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A digital multimeter, abbreviated DMM, is necessary for electrical diagnosis and trouble-shooting. It is usually capable of measuring the following units of electricity: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TOOL SETS AND ACCESSORIES ,[object Object],Figure 9–43 A typical large tool box, showing just one of many drawers. Figure 9–42 A typical beginning technician tool set that includes the basic tools to get started. Continued
BASIC HAND TOOL LIST Continued
BASIC HAND TOOL LIST Continued ( cont. )
BASIC HAND TOOL LIST Continued ( cont. )
BASIC HAND TOOL LIST Continued ( cont. )
BASIC HAND TOOL LIST Continued ( cont. )
BASIC HAND TOOL LIST ( cont. )
An apprentice technician started working for a dealership and put his top tool box on a workbench. Another technician observed that, along with a complete set of good-quality tools, the box contained several adjustable wrenches. The more experienced technician said, “Hide those from the boss.” If any adjustable wrench is used on a bolt or nut, the movable jaw often moves or loosens and starts to round the head of the fastener. If the head of the bolt or nut becomes rounded, it becomes that much more difficult to remove. Most service technicians agree that it is okay for a beginning technician to borrow a tool occasionally. However, if a tool has to be borrowed more than twice, then be sure to purchase it as soon as possible. Also, whenever a tool is borrowed, be sure that you clean the tool and let the technician you borrowed the tool from know that you are returning the tool. These actions will help in any future dealings with other technicians. “ Hide Those from the Boss” Need to Borrow a Tool More Than Twice?  Buy It!
SAFETY TIPS FOR USING HAND TOOLS The following safety tips should be kept in mind whenever you are working with hand tools: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Continued
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
HAND TOOL MAINTENANCE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SUMMARY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Continued
SUMMARY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],( cont. )
end

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Chapter 09

  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13. Figure 9–9 A typical flex handle used to rotate a socket, also called a breaker bar because it usually has a longer handle than a ratchet and therefore, can be used to apply more torque to a fastener than a ratchet. A ratchet turns the socket in only one direction and allows the rotating of the ratchet handle back and forth in a narrow space. Extensions and universal joints are used with sockets to allow access to fasteners in restricted locations. Sockets are available in various drive sizes , including 1/4-inch, 3/8-inch, and 1/2-inch. Continued
  • 14. Figure 9–10 The most commonly used socket drive sizes include 1 /4 -inch, 3 /8 -inch, and 1 /2 -inch drive. Many heavy-duty truck and/or industrial applications use 3/4 and 1-inch sizes. The drive size is the distance of each side of the square drive. Sockets and ratchets of the same size are designed to work together. Continued
  • 15. Figure 9–11 A six-point socket fits the head of the bolt or nut on all sides. A twelve-point socket can round off the head of a bolt or nut if a lot of force is applied. It is sometimes confusing which way to rotate a wrench or screwdriver, especially when the head of the fastener is pointing away from you. To help visualize while looking at the fastener, say “righty-tighty, lefty-loosey .” Right to Tighten
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18. Figure 9–14 A beam-type torque wrench that displays the torque reading on the face of the dial. The beam display is read as the beam defects, which is in proportion to the amount of torque applied to the fastener. A beam-type torque wrench is used to measure torque. Instead of presetting the value, the actual torque is displayed on the dial as the fastener is tightened. Beam-type wrenches are available in 1/4, 3/8, and 1/2 inch drives, in English and metric units. Continued
  • 19. Figure 9–15 Torque wrench calibration checker. Torque wrenches should be checked regularly. For example, Honda has a torque wrench calibration setup at each of their training centers. It is expected that a torque wrench be checked for accuracy before every use. Most experts recommend that torque wrenches be checked and adjusted as needed at least every year and more often if possible. Check Torque Wrench Calibration Regularly Continued
  • 20. The unit for torque is expressed as a force times the distance (leverage) from the object. Therefore, the official unit for torque is lb-ft (pound-feet) or Newton-meters (a force times a distance). It is commonly expressed in ft-lbs and even some torque wrenches are labeled with this unit. Is it Lb-Ft or Ft-Lb or Torque? Misreading torque specs is easy to do but can have serious damaging results. Specs for fasteners are commonly expressed lb-ft. Many smaller fasteners are tightened to specifications expressed in lb-in . 1 lb-ft = 12 lb-in. If a fastener were accidentally tightened to 24 lb-ft instead of 24 lb-in., the actual torque applied will be 288 lb-in. instead of the specified 24 lb-in. The extra torque will likely break the fastener, but it could also warp or distort the part being tightened. Always double-check the torque specs. Double-Check the Specifications
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23. Whenever a fastener is difficult to remove, some technicians will insert the handle of a ratchet or a breaker bar into a length of steel pipe. The extra length of the pipe allows the technician to exert more torque than can be applied using the drive handle alone. However, the extra torque can easily overload the socket and ratchet, causing them to break or shatter, which could cause personal injury. Avoid Using “Cheater Bars”
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26. Figure 9–18 Two stubby screwdrivers that are used to access screws that have limited space above. A straight blade is on top and a #2 Phillips screwdriver is on the bottom. Both straight and Phillips screwdrivers are available with a short blade and handle for access to fasteners with limited room.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34. NOTE: A claw hammer has a claw used to remove nails and is not used for automotive service. Safe Use of Hammers and Mallets All mallets and hammers should be cleaned after use and not exposed to extreme temperatures. Never use a hammer or mallet that is damaged in any way. Always use caution to avoid doing damage to components and surrounding areas.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46. Figure 9–32 Tin snips are used to cut thin sheets of metal or carpet. Continued
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50. Figure 9–36 Use a grinder or a file to remove the mushroom material on the end of a punch or chisel. Punches and chisels can also have the top rounded off, which is called “mushroomed.” This material must be ground off to help avoid the possibility that the overhanging material is loosened and becomes airborne during use.
  • 51.
  • 52.
  • 53. Figure 9–38 A nut splitter is used to split a nut that cannot be removed. After the nut has been split, a chisel is used to remove the nut. Nut splitter A nut splitter works by splitting the nut from the bolt. Insert the cutter against a flat of the nut and tighten the threaded bolt. The nut will split away, and can be removed. CAUTION: Do not rotate the entire nut splitter or damage to the cutting wedge will occur.
  • 54.
  • 55. An extractor (easy out) is hardened steel and removing this and the broken bolt is now a job for a professional machine shop. The part, which could be as large as an engine block, needs to be removed from the vehicle and taken to a machine shop that is equipped to handle this type of job. One method involves using an electrical discharge machine (EDM). An EDM uses a high amperage electrical current to produce thousands of arcs between the electrode and the broken tool. The part is submerged in a nonconducting liquid and each tiny spark vaporizes a small piece of the broken tool. I Broke Off an Easy Out —Now What? NOTE: Always select the largest extractor that can be used to help avoid the possibility of breaking the extractor while trying to remove the bolt. Continued
  • 56. Figure 9–40 Removing plugs or bolts is easier if the plug is first heated to cherry red color, using a torch, and then applying wax. During cooling, the wax flows in between the threads, making it easier to remove. Many times rusted fasteners can be removed by using heat to expand the metal and break the rust bond between the fastener and the nut or casting. Many technicians heat the fastener using a torch and then apply paraffin wax or a candle to the heated fastener. See Figure 9–40. The wax will melt and as the part cools, will draw the liquid wax down between the threads. After allowing the part to cool, attempt to remove the fastener. It will often be removed without any trouble. The Wax Trick
  • 57. Apply a small amount of valve grinding compound to a Phillips or Torx screw or bolt head. The gritty valve grinding compound “grips” the screwdriver or tool bit and prevents the tool from slipping up and out of the screw head. Valve grinding compound is available in a tube from most automotive parts stores. The Valve Grinding Compound Trick
  • 58. Whenever removing any automotive component, it is wise to screw the bolts back into the holes a couple of threads by hand. This ensures that the right bolt will be used in its original location when the component or part is put back on the vehicle. Often, the same diameter of fastener is used on a component, but the length of the bolt may vary. Spending just a couple of seconds to put the bolts and nuts back where they belong when the part is removed can save a lot of time when the part is being reinstalled. Besides making certain that the right fastener is being installed in the right place, this method helps prevent bolts and nuts from getting lost or kicked away. How much time have you wasted looking for that lost bolt or nut? It Just Takes a Second
  • 59. Figure 9–48 A binder clip being used to keep a fender cover from falling. A binder clip (size 1-1/4 inches wide) is used by wise technicians to help keep fender covers in place. Binder clips are found at office supply stores. Use a Binder Clip
  • 60.
  • 61.
  • 62. Figure 9–45 A seal driver or installer is usually plastic and is designed to seat the seal. Seal Drivers A seal driver can be plastic or metal, usually aluminum. It is used to seat the outer lip of a grease seal in the grease seal pocket. A seal is usually driven into position using a plastic mallet and seal driver that is the same size as the outside diameter of the grease seal retainer.
  • 63.
  • 64.
  • 65.
  • 66.
  • 67.
  • 68. BASIC HAND TOOL LIST Continued
  • 69. BASIC HAND TOOL LIST Continued ( cont. )
  • 70. BASIC HAND TOOL LIST Continued ( cont. )
  • 71. BASIC HAND TOOL LIST Continued ( cont. )
  • 72. BASIC HAND TOOL LIST Continued ( cont. )
  • 73. BASIC HAND TOOL LIST ( cont. )
  • 74. An apprentice technician started working for a dealership and put his top tool box on a workbench. Another technician observed that, along with a complete set of good-quality tools, the box contained several adjustable wrenches. The more experienced technician said, “Hide those from the boss.” If any adjustable wrench is used on a bolt or nut, the movable jaw often moves or loosens and starts to round the head of the fastener. If the head of the bolt or nut becomes rounded, it becomes that much more difficult to remove. Most service technicians agree that it is okay for a beginning technician to borrow a tool occasionally. However, if a tool has to be borrowed more than twice, then be sure to purchase it as soon as possible. Also, whenever a tool is borrowed, be sure that you clean the tool and let the technician you borrowed the tool from know that you are returning the tool. These actions will help in any future dealings with other technicians. “ Hide Those from the Boss” Need to Borrow a Tool More Than Twice? Buy It!
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  • 80. end