27. • 1962, Dr. William Sweet and Dr.
Gordon Brownell
• Brain tumor. As-74.
• Coincidence scan: recurrence of tumor
under previous operation site.
• Unbalance scan: asymmetry to the left.
20
Brownell GL. A history of positron imaging. 1999
40. Ideal crystal
理想的 PET 晶體應該要有以下性質:
• 對 511 keV 要有夠⾼的 stopping power,才會有好的 sensitivity 和
spatial resolution。
• 快速且⾼強度的光輸出,以及很短的 decay time。
• 好的 energy resolution。
30
Essentials of Nuclear Medicine Imaging, 6th Edition
41. Crystal ⽐較
Characteristic BGO LSO NaI(Tl)
Crystal Density(gm/cc) 7.13 7.40 3.67
Eff. Atomic Number (Z eff.) 74 66 51
Decay Time (nano sec.) 300 40 230
Light output 15 75 100
Refractive Index 2.15 1.82 1.85
31
Shukla AK, Kumar U. Positron emission tomography: An overview. J Med Phys. 2006;31(1):13‒21.
42. Time of Flight
32
Vandenberghe S, Mikhaylova E, D’Hoe E, Mollet P, Karp JS. Recent developments in time-of-flight PET. EJNMMI Phys
[Internet]. 2016 Feb 16
46. F-18 FDG
• FDG ⼀開始合成的⽅式是 Brookhaven National Laboratory 的 Wolf
於 1976 年發表的親電⼦氟化 (electrophilic fluorination)。原料是
3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal 和 F-18 F2 。Yield 約 8%,耗時 2 ⼩時。
• 現在普遍採⽤的合成⽅式是 1986 年 Hamacher 發表的親核氟化
(nucleophilic fluorination)。原料是 mannose triflate。可以有 95% 的
純度,Yield 為 50%,反應時間約 50 分鐘。
35
F-18 FDG, SNMMI PET Center of Excellence and the Center for Molecular Imaging Innovation & Translation, 2012
47. 親電⼦反應
36
Review of 18F-FDG Synthesis and Quality Control. Biomed Imaging Interv J. 2006 Oct-Dec; 2(4): e57.
48. 親核反應
37
Review of 18F-FDG Synthesis and Quality Control. Biomed Imaging Interv J. 2006 Oct-Dec; 2(4): e57.
49. Standardized Uptake Value
• SUVbw =
C
D × d
× W
• SUVlbm =
C
D × d
× LBM
• SUVbsa =
C
D × d
× BSA
C: ROI 的 Activity concentration (Bq/mL),D: injected dose (Bq),d:
dose decay correction factor,W:Body weight (g),LBM:Lean body
mass(g) ,BSA:Body surface area (cm(2))。
38
59. Dual-time point
47
Dual-time-point Imaging and Delayed-time-point Fluorodeoxyglucose-PET/Computed Tomography Imaging in Various
Clinical Settings. PET Clin. 2016 Jan;11(1):65-84.
60. Dual-time point
48
Dual-time-point Imaging and Delayed-time-point Fluorodeoxyglucose-PET/Computed Tomography Imaging in Various
Clinical Settings. PET Clin. 2016 Jan;11(1):65‒84.
61. Dual-time point
49
Dual-time-point Imaging and Delayed-time-point Fluorodeoxyglucose-PET/Computed Tomography Imaging in Various
Clinical Settings. PET Clin. 2016 Jan;11(1):65‒84.
68. ⼼臟的正⼦ tracer
• N-13 ammonia
• O-15 water
• Rb-82
56
Radiopharmaceuticals and Radiation Dose Considerations in Cardiac Positron Emission Tomography and PET/CT,
Radiology Key
69. Dopamine pathway
另外 VMAT-2 有⼀種新的 tracer: F-18 AV-133
57
The role of dopaminergic imaging in patients with symptoms of dopaminergic system neurodegeneration. Brain. 2011
Nov;134(Pt 11):3146-66.
70. Alzheimer’s disease
Amyloid plaque image:
• F-18 AV-45 (⼜名
AMYViD 或 Florbetapir)
• C-11 PiB (Pittsburgh
compound B)
58
In Vivo Imaging of Amyloid Deposition in Alzheimer Disease Using the Radioligand 18F-AV-45 (Flobetapir F 18). J Nucl
Med June 2010 vol. 51 no. 6 913-920