1.
Accessing, archiving and reconstructing user-
generated data: The connected spheres of
digital
Dr Mariann Hardey, Associate Director Centre of Communication Science,
Durham University
@mazrred
- Tales from the field

2.
https://prezi.com/secure/e6572baa1fe59bba67f3f77b23d4f004d939a85c/
PREZI

3.
Accessing cc http://www.slideshare.net/Cybersoc/chief-marketing-officer-congress-sopot

4.
New forms of methodology
(cc) http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-erYgX7c6hq8/TZryR1uXXII/

5.
…as the social scientist Seb Paquet*
observes, social tools make for
ridiculously easy group-forming.
* Canadian Professor at Université du Québec à Montréal via Wikipedia
Hardey, M. (2011)

6.
Data monitoring
Opportunities for data
and research content
Social media and user-generated
content related to research
activities
Individual presence
up and down social
media
Data at risk?
Personalised content /
publicly available…

7.
research in action?

8.
• Content curation
• User-generated
• Profile based
• Personal
• ‘Real’
• and a bit sweary…

9.
cc http://infegy.com/buzzstudy/tag/social-media/

10.
data collation
cc http://www.slideshare.net/Cybersoc/chief-marketing-officer-congress-sopot

11.
(cc) socialradar/nestle.com

12.
the social researcher

13.
Exposed: Research using Social Network Sites SNSs
Purpose - A project that does something innovative with high impact
status and will be seminal for future academic knowledge.
Design/methodological approach - We used Facebook, YouTube,
Twitter :-)
Practical implications -Data relies on utilising social network platforms
that contain personal information. The research depends on being able
to access, observe, track and archive shared material from users willing
to self-disclose.
Research limitations -Data forms part of self-reportage and can only
ever be a snap-shot of time, making it difficult to repeat for comparison
or validation.
‘I will use Facebook for my fieldwork and ‘I don’t see anything wrong with
ask my friends to fill in a questionnaire using Facebook for my fieldwork.’
there.’
‘Facebook makes research easier and fun…’

14.
In this together

15.
Data
Tagging
User-generated content
Advocacy
Group pages
SNSs profiles
Transactions
Comments
Shares
Embeds
Social researcher Outcomes Role and responsibility
(Guidelines of professional bodies)
Training
Processing
Data organisation and modeling
Knowledge sharing
Academic culture
Polices and guidelines
Frameworks
Adapted from Edelman business planning, 2010

16.
Self disclosure; or more commonly
known as the, process of making
the self known to others.
Jourard and Lasakow, 1958: 91. Some factors in self
disclosure. The journal of abnormal and social psychology.
Jourard, 1971. The Transparent Self. Nostrand. New York.

17.
cc http://www.tomscott.com/five/

18.
Enacting engagement
There is a wider shift towards
multidirectional many-to-many
communication. As modeled upon the
“conversation”.
An interchange made possible by new
technologies, and the rhetoric suggests
something of an inevitability in the
“transformation” they engender. As
museums are being increasingly
conceptualised as “forums” and recognised
as “contact zones”, places traditionally of
imbalance, asymmetry, and often
disempowerment, talk of “democracy” is
now rife in the rhetoric.
(cc) http://www.flickr.com/photos/polly_cotton/galleries/72157623664322738
Kidd, 2011

19.
d out to 50 cents/questionnaire; respondents were tweets, some of your tweets, and some tweets posted by other witty
ven if their data was eventually discarded. folks. Part of the list looks like this:
SecretSquirrel A city is only really home when you stop being
Mechanical Turk HIT consisted of 34 questions. Eight
mystified by its public transport and instead are just constantly
questions characterized the respondent; six questions angry at it.
ntended to measure the respondent’s familiarity with
RedRabbit My personality results came back. They’re negative.
r; three questions tested the respondent’s reading
ehension (a tactic other researchers have suggested to NewJerseyDave I’ll go to the co­dependency workshop if you
come with me.
Rights to ownership
that respondents are reading the survey before they
responses [14,12]); 16 questions were statements of
for respondents to assess on a 7­point Likert scale;
SecretSquirrel I might like the iPad better if it were red & furry.
rrmutt I know how you feel, hon: “I’d stage­dive but I’m far too
e final question probed the respondent’s willingness elderly”—Courtney Love
Social Media Ownership: Using Twitter as a
ticipate in future surveys and interviews. Additional
e.g. the respondent’s work time) was collected by the
NewJerseyDave Maybe the person in the car ahead of you isn’t
driving erratically because he’s texting; maybe he’s just knitting.
anical Turk infrastructure. Window onto Current Attitudes and Beliefs
Dave should only be able to store his own tweets on his hard drive.
Dave has the right to post his list of funny tweets to his Facebook wall.
ix Scenarios Dave has the right to publish his list of funny tweets in a blog post.
Catherine C. Marshall
belief portion of the HIT consisted of six short Frank M. Shipman
Microsoft Research, Silicon Valley
ios or situations involving Twitter. In each, users Figure 1. A portion of Scenario 1 exploring views about Department of Computer Science
save, retweet, or reuse their favorite tweets in other
1065 La Avenida saving, sharing, and republishing a collection. Texas A&M University
s. The scenarios are followed by statements of belief
Mountain View, CA 94043 disagree) with the statement (is there a
College Station, TX 77843­3112
spondents to assess. Each scenario is specific, and tend to agree (or
cathymar@microsoft.com of responses), or are they divided into
es the actual tweets. By posing concrete situations, normal distribution shipman@cs.tamu.edu
ped to put all respondents on a more even footing (so communities at opposition (is there a bimodal distribution)?
nvision similar situations) and to draw on their real
Social media by its very nature, The following definitions of the four data ownership terms
ABSTRACT
ences. We also hoped that specific content and details people [20,22], it presents design challenges for new digital
were provided to participants before they began the
is mitigate This Social media, by its very nature, introduces questions about
help to social. gross inconsistencies between
introduces services such as archiving or publishing.
questionnaire to help ensure consistent interpretation:
ownership. Ownership comes into play most crucially when
es and behavior, such as those discussed at length in Save – to store the content
we investigate how social media is saved or archived; how on your own storage media. they can (and cannot) do with
What do people feel
specific concerns about
vacy literature [1]; nonetheless, we are careful to note For example, you might save a photo to your created by others? We divide potential
it is reused; and whether it can be removed or deleted. We information local hard
he data we collected reflects attitudes and beliefs activities into four basic categories: (1) saving digital
research practices, ownershipmedia ownership issues using
than behavior. investigate these social drive or burn it to a CD. a
content; (2) sharing digital content with specified (and
Share – to make the content available to a limited set of
and dissemination… Turk survey of Twitter users; the survey uses limited) groups of people; (3) publishing digital content so
Mechanical
enario 1, a Twitter user, Dave, collects questions and statements of belief about
open­ended humorous friends or family members by using email or social media
realistic Twitter­based scenarios to give us a window onto might share a photo with and (4) removing digital content
posted by different people, including himself; in websites. For example, you it is broadly accessible;
rio 2, Dave collects tweets that represent a
current attitudes and beliefs. your friends on Facebook.
Our findings reveal that from its social media venue (and not necessarily deleting it
rsation he is having with two other Twitter users. In from local storage, in line with reported behavior [21]).
Publish – to make the content available to the public by
respondents take a liberal attitude toward saving and storing
rio 3, Dave encounters an the tweets that they encounter. More caution is a website like Flickr, Blogspot, or
offensive tweet about uploading it to exercised CSCW applications have long demonstrated that users may
f. In Scenario 4, the respondent has received Dave’s
with republishing the material, YouTube. For with sharing might publish a story to
and still more example, you not apply reciprocal standards to actions they feel they can
funny tweets via email, and we investigate what he or
the material among friends and associates. Respondents take [5]. For example, they may want to see others without
your blog or publish a video to YouTube.
n do with the list subsequently. Scenario 5 covers the type of lightweight social media
approach removal of this
Remove – to ‘unpublish’ content; to delete content from want to have capabilities that are
on in which the respondent most cautiously. or her material’s provenance and the
has removed his The
being seen, or they may
not offered to their peers. In this case, we investigate what
a public website. For example, you might remove a photo
weet from the Twitter feed, but while it was still to the material (whether they are
respondents’ relationship
, Dave has collected it, and is now posting it. Finally, from Flickr if you don’t want everyone to see it. they should be able to do with microblog
respondents feel
the author or subject) has considerable bearing on what they content they encounter, as well as probe what respondents
nario 6, the Library of Congress acquires the entire
feel they can do with it. Because we wanted the respondents to react to each
feel that others can do with the respondent’s content.
r archive, and provides access to it under three scenario without perceiving a pattern and using it as a
Author Keywords
ent conditions. shortcut to fill in answers, we made concrete statements in scaling up our findings from
Finally, we are interested
Twitter, social media, information rights, survey, reuse. individuals to public institutions: what do people feel that
1 shows a portion of Scenario 1, followed by an about the situation, and varied the ownership rights we
ACM Classification Keywords public institutions should be able to do with today’s
tested. Again, refer to Figure 1 for examples.
pt of the belief statements that followed the scenario. ephemera and everyday digital belongings? For example,
CHI 2011, May 7-11
H4.3. Information Systems: Communications Applications.

20.
[The] freedom [of others] is dependent on mine, and
mine on theirs… In choosing a mode of behaviour for
myself, I choose it in a way for all men; I decide that
all men ought to behave in such and such a fashion.
Hence man is totally responsible not only for his own
existence but also for that of others.
Wahl, J. (1959: 62). Philosophies of existence.
London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

21.
Recognising Ethical Dilemmas
We live, work and play ‘…in a network, where
all communicators and all communication are
connected’.
Propose reconceptualizing the journalist’s role
through a combination of existentialism and
social responsibility theory. In an open
medium that affords complete autonomy over
personal communication, ‘the heart of a
socially responsible existentialist lies in a
combination of freely choosing to be
responsible in order to fulfill a social role based
on trust’ (Singer, 2006: 13).

22.
Freedom and responsibility
5 key themes:
1. Ownership and control;
2. Content sharing and publication
3. Reuse and republication;
4. Deletion and removal;
5. Individual and institutional data rights.

23.
Research Principles in Practice:
Watching What Happens
Hammersley and Atkinson have The Digital Methods Initiative
argued that “the ethnographer Important to identify the constraints per social
participates, overtly or covertly, in
networking platform in harvesting data. The further
people’s daily lives for an extended
period of time, watching what step is to identify the set of relationships that
happens, listening to what is said, sh/could be studied, e.g., do friends have the same
asking questions; in fact collecting interests? When, and for which purposes, are
whatever data are available to throw interests a more significant mode of organizing,
light on the issues with which he or sorting and recommending action than
she is concerned” demographics?
Hammersley, M., & Atkinson, P. (1989).
Ethnography: Principles in practice. London: https://www.digitalmethods.net/Digitalmethods/PostDemographics#Object_of_S
Tavistock. tudy:_Social_Networking_Sites

24.
Everyone has three lives: a public
life, a private life, and a secret life.
Gabriel García Márquez, Colombian
novelist, short-story writer, screenwriter
and journalist.

25.
Dr Mariann Hardey
e.mariann.hardey@durham.ac.uk
twitter @mazrred
(cc) http://www.yatzer.com/assets/Article/2135/images/Organic_Factory-gilles-belley-yatzer_6.jpg