This is my first talk to the staffs and postgraduate students of FKEE, UTHM during my Adjunct Prof visit. @Aug. 28, 2013

1. +
Latest Trends in Wireless
Technology
Dr. Mazlan Abbas
[Seminar, UTHM, 28 August, 2013]

2. +
Summary
! Introduction to the Digital Natives
! DNA - The Key Drivers
! The Key Challenges
! The Traffic Demand
! The Network Requirements
! The Technology Trends
! Summary

3. +Digital Natives - Webciety
Create Use Live
“We create the Internet” “We live and
breathe in the
Internet”
“We use the Internet”

4. +
1st
Screen
2nd
Screen
3rd
Screen
4th
Screen
5th
Screen
Cinema
Television
Computer
Smartphone
Tablet
Digital
Native
Screen Evolution

5. +
Overview
! 3G Service
! 14.6 M subscriptions [Dec. 2012]
! 82% pop coverage [June 2012]
! Cellular phone subscriptions
! 41.1 M
! 141.6% per pop [Dec. 2012]
! Cellular coverage at populated areas
! 96.8% [Dec. 2012]
! Internet users
! 17.7 M [June 2012]
! Mobile broadband subscriptions
! 3.3 M [Jan. 2013]
! Broadband subscriptions
! 6.2 M [Jan. 2013]
! In 2013, our digital eco-system will
welcome two new service, Hybrid TV –
Digital Terrestrial TV with Internet and
Mobile 4G-LTE

6. +
4G (LTE)

7. +
Key Drivers

8. +
Driver #1
MOBILE

9. +
Future Wireless Access – Key
Challenges

10. Data Tsunami is coming
• Currently an exponential growth of mobile data is observed*
• More advanced devices with more capabilities
(smartphones, tablets, etc), as well as increased
importance of machine generated data result in increased traffic
generation
• Multi-device ownership, resulting in synchronization of data
between devices
• Mobile Social Networking and User Generated Contents
* The data amount is doubling annually resulting in 1000× increase in the current decade, for the individual devices this means
performance will increase 100×

11. +
First 20 Quarters Since Launch
Note AOL subscribers data not available before CQ3:94; Netscape users limited to US only. Source: Morgan Stanley Research Estimates, April 2010
Subscribers (MM)
Q1 Q3 Q5 Q7 Q9 Q11 Q13 Q15 Q17 Q19
20
40
60
80
100
0
Mobile Internet
Quarters Since Launch
Desktop Internet
It’s Happening Fast !

12. +
Global Mobile vs. Desktop Internet User Projection, 2007 – 2015E
Internet Users(MM)
400
800
1,200
1,600
2,000
0
2007E 2008E 2009E 2010E 2011E 2012E 2013E 2014E 2015E
Mobile Internet Users
Desktop Internet Users
Source: Morgan Stanley Research Estimates, April 2010
The Trend is Irreversible

13. +
Annual global IP traffic will surpass the
zettabyte threshold (1.4 zettabytes) by the
End of 2017

14. +
Global IP traffic has increased more than fourfold in
the past 5 years, and will increase threefold over
the next 5 years.

15. +
Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) will
carry over half of Internet traffic in 2017.

16. +
Nearly half of all IP traffic will originate
with non-PC devices by 2017
16%
PC
24%
TV
79%
Mobile
Phones
82%
M2M
104%
Tablets

17. +
10GBAverage'data'usage'per'month'
548GBHighest'user'consump4on'record''in'1'month'
600Concurrent'users'per'site''
1,700TBAverage'monthly'network'traffic'
Over 57%Rich'Media'ac4vi4es'on'P1’s'network'
Beyond Email. Beyond Voice
[SOURCE: Michael Lai Keynote Speech,WiMAX Forum SEA Regional Focus Conference 2010]

18. +
Traffic Equivalents*
1 Laptop= 15 Smartphones = 450 Voice Handsets
A Network Optimized for Mobile Voice
Cannot Handle High Numbers of Mobile
Internet Users
[ Source: Cisco, 2009]
KDDI Confirms LTE Migration Plan
But Will Use WiMAX and WIFI too
KDDI’s&President&and&Chairman,&Tadashi&
Onodera&stated&at&GSMA&Mobile&Asia&Congress&
2010 &&
TeleGeography,Comms,
Update,
Wed,,17,Nov,2010,
LTE will not be sufficient to cope with such
huge data demands so we also need to use
other technologies such as WiMAX and WiFi
Mobile Data Crunch

19. +
Smartphones Unleashed

20. +
20!
Create
High-Performance
UMPCLaptop
Laptop DIGI-Cam
Carry&Edit
TV
UMPC
UMD
eBook
Navigation
Dual Mode
HandsetPMPUMPC
Navigation
Modem
View
In-Car
Entertainment
Gateway
MP3
Player
Palm
Pocket
Game PMP
Fixed &
In Vehicle
Briefcase Handbag
Backpack
Information
ConsumerCreator
Device Ecosystem

21. +
The Habits of Online Newspaper
Readers
[http://online.wsj.com]

22. +
User Interface Transformation

23. +
What’s the Next UI?
Leap Motion Air Gesture
Moto-X Touchless Control

24. +
Driver #2
APPLICATIONS

25. Android Market
App Store
Blackberry App
World
Ovi Store -
Nokia
PlayNow Arena
– Sony Ericsson
PocketGear
App Store
Samsung App
Store
Symbian Apps
Telus Mobility
App Store
Verizon Media
Store
Windows
Marketplace
Mobile
App Stores

26. +
Data ARPU increase
Consumers increasingly want to
access the same Internet
content and services on their
mobile phones that they can
from fixed access/PCs

27. +
Social MediaMay 2011

28. +
Impact of Facebook

29. +
Impact of Twitter

30. +
Impact ofYouTube
800 Million+ Monthly Unique Visitors
• That’s more than the entire population of
Europe!
72 Hours+ Video Uploaded Per Minute
• That’s over a decade of content every day!
4 Billion Hours of Video Viewed Each
Month
• That’s over 450,000 years of video viewed each
month!

31. +
The Social Media Effect
User
Generated
Contents

32. +
The Social Currency

33. +YouTube Phenomenon
1% Rule
(Internet Culture)
One will create content, 10 will
"interact" with it (commenting or
offering improvements) and the
other 89 will just view it.
90-9-1 Principle
1% of people create content, 9%
edit or modify that content, and
90% view the content without
contributing.
[Sysomos analyzed over 2.5 million YouTube videos that were embedded in blog posts between July and December
2009.]
Net Traffic Exponential
Growth!

34. +
Driver #3
NETWORKS

35. +
Never Ending Battle for “Networks Superiority”
Which is More Superior?

36. +
The Future is Heterogeneous
Spectrum
Deployment
Technology
GSM, HSPA,
LTE,WiFi
Macro – Outdoor
Micro / Pico - Indoor
3G WiFi LTE

37. +
Key Challenges

38. +
Source: Morgan Stanley Mobile Internet Report Dec ‘09
1,000,000
100,000
10,000
100
10
1
1000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Devices/Users
Mainframe
Minicomputer
PC
Desktop
Internet
10B+
Connected
Devices+1B
+100M
+10M
+1M
Mobile
Internet
Source: Rysavy Research Feb;10
Mobile Internet CapacityGbytes
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Capacity,
Demand,
Capacity,,
Supply,
The Mobile Internet Creating New
Challenges For Carriers

39. +
Traffic Grows Explosively But Not
the Revenue
Mobile data traffic will increase
1000 times in 10 years
Profit per bit will continuously
decrease in the future years

40. +
Disruptive Transformation
The Changing World of Mobile
Internet
Bandwidth Applications
• Higher quality-of-experience
• Higher sessions and session rates
• New monetization models
“Pipe Provider” “Value-Added Provider”

41. +
To Design Wireless Network of The Future
We Need to Understand the Traffic
Requirements

42. +
Unbalanced Traffic Distribution
! Imbalance between the terminal type: in 2010, smart
phone’s global penetration rate is 13%, while it contribute
78% traffic load from the mobile device
! Geographic imbalance: in 2009, more than 50% mobile
service happened at home/office; while this percentage is
63% in China. Most of the data service happens in low
mobility indoor and dense urban
! Monthly basic mobile phone data traffic
! Smartphone = 24 x phone
! Handheld Gaming Console = 60 x phone
! Tablet = 122 x phone
! Laptop = 515 x phone

43. +
Information Access
! The “paperless society” will
have a huge impact on
networks:
• media will be
consumed in portable
devices;
• daily commuters will
need a lot of
information on an
instantaneous basis.

44. +
Devices of Tomorrow are Wearable

45. Location Awareness
• Location based services are being introduced these days, upon user
demand.
• The opposite way may be introduced, i.e., the environment being aware
that the user is present.

46. +
Internet of Things
! Today’s systems are based on a person being the end user
! Future systems must consider machine-to-machine (M2M)
communications as being potentially more important
! Sensor networks are emerging as one of the “killer” network
structures of the future.
“By 2020,You'll Own 50 Internet-
Connected Devices”

47. +
Power Consumption Plays an
Important Role in OPEX
High CAPEX/OPEX of RAN result
from BS equipment room

48. +
Challenges and Requirements for
Future
! Explosive growth of mobile
data traffic
! Unbalanced DL and UL traffic
! Huge power consumption
! Spectrum Fragmentation
! Low-band spectrum used
! Higher data rate / Higher
spectrum Efficiency
! Flexible adaptation of DL/UL
traffic
! Better energy savings
! Efficient utilization of un-
paired spectrum
! More usable spectrum
Challenges Requirements

49. +
Key Requirements and Technology
Directions to be Considered
! Significant gain in spectrum efficiency per area (bps/Hz/m2)
with significant reduction in cost per bit (500 – 1000x traffic
by 2020’s)
! Emerging solutions to deal with traffic explosion
! Traffic offloading
! Offloading strategies tuned to applications and scenarios
! Network density
! Technical trends such as multi-layer cell deployment
! Network architecture to reduce cost per bit

50. +
Requirements from User
Perspective
! Higher data rate and user-experienced throughput
! Data rate competitive to that of future wired networks
! Gbps-order everywhere
! Low latency for improving user experience
! Fairness of user throughput
! In a cell
! Improve cell-edge throughput
! Among cells
! Urban to rural
! Digital divide
! Among users
! Light-weight users impact from few heavy users

51. +
Requirements from Operator
Perspective
! Flexible, easy, and cost-efficient operation
! For diverse spectrum allocation
! Efficient utilization of higher/wider frequency bands
! For diverse environments and network nodes/devices with
different types of backhauling
! Femto, Mesh, Relay, etc.
! For diverse types of services, user devices, and communication
methodologies
! Thin client, Cloud, etc.
! Energy saving (Green)
! Reduction in joule per bit
! System robustness

52. +
© 3GPP 2012
© 3GPP 2012
• 1G: analogue systems from 1980s (e.g.
NMT, AMPS,TACS, C-Netz)
• 2G: first digital systems of 1990s (e.g.
GSM, CDMA One, PDC, D-AMPS)
• 3G: IMT-2000 family defined by ITU-R
(e.g. UMTS, CDMA2000)
• 4G: fulfilling requirements of IMT-
Advanced defined by ITU-R (e.g. LTE-A,
WiMAX)
• 5G: ?
• too early to be a topic in
standardization, further 4G
enhancements expected before
driven by requirements from
customers & network operators
restricted by spectrum limitations
often influenced by new
technologies/applications
Evolution of Mobile Communication Systems

53. +
Evolution of Wireless Technologies

54. +
© 3GPP 2012
© 3GPP 2012
1999
Release 99
Release 5
Release 6
HSDPA
W-CDMA
Release 4 LCR TDD
HSUPA, MBMS
Release 7 HSPA+ (MIMO, etc.)
Release 8 LTE
Release 9
Release 10
LTE
enhancements
Release 12
ITU-R M.1457
IMT-2000 Recommendation
ITU-R M.2012 [IMT.RSPEC]
IMT-Advanced Recommendation
3GPP work is structured in releases
(REL) of 1-3 years duration
each release consists of several work
items (WI) and study items (SI)
even if a REL is completed corrections
are possible later
existing features of one REL can be
enhanced in a future REL
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
???
LTE-Advanced
Further LTE
Release 11 enhancements
3GPP aligned to ITU-R IMT process
3GPP Releases evolve to meet:
•
•
Future Requirements for IMT
Future operator and end-user
requirements
only main
RAN WI listed
now 2013 2015
Release schedule & RAN features

55. +
• REL-9: mainly addition of LCS (Location service) & MBMS
(Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service) & enhancement of others
(e.g. SON, HeNB)
• Main motivation to introduce LTE-A in REL-10:
• IMT-Advanced standardization process in ITU-R for 4G
• Additional IMT spectrum band identified in WRC07
• LTE-Advanced (REL-10/11 ...) is an evolution of LTE (REL-8/9), i.e.
LTE-Advanced is backwards compatible with LTE
© 3GPP 2012
LTE Rel-8 cell
LTE Rel-8 terminal LTE-Advanced terminal
LTE-Advanced cell
LTE Rel-8 terminal LTE-Advanced terminal
An LTE-Advanced terminal can
work in an LTE Rel-8 cell
An LTE Rel-8 terminal can work
in an LTE-Advanced cell
LTE-Advanced contains all
features of LTE Rel-8 & 9 and
additional features for further
evoluton
LTE target::
peak data rates:
DL: 100Mbps
UL: 50Mbps
TS 25.913
LTE-A target::
peak data rates:
DL: 1Gbps
UL: 500Mbps
TS 36.913
From LTE to LTE-Advanced

56. +
E-UTRA
Operating
band
Uplink (UL)
Operating
Band
BS Receive
UE
Transmit
Downlink
(DL)
Operating
Band
BS
Transmit
UE Receive
Duplex Mode Channel
Bandwidths
Approximate Center
Frequency
1 1920 MHz to
1980 MHz
2110 MHz to
2170 MHz
FDD 5, 10, 15, 20 2100 MHz
2 1920 MHz to
1980 MHz
1930 MHz to
1990 MHz
FDD 1, 4, 3, 5, 10, 15,
20
1900 MHz
3 1710 MHz to
1785 MHz
1805 MHz to
1880 MHz
FDD 1, 4, 3, 5, 10, 15,
20
1800 MHz
4 1710 MHz to
1755 MHz
2110 MHz to
2155 MHz
FDD 1, 4, 3, 5, 10, 15,
20
1700 MHz
5 824 MHz to
849 MHz
869 MHz to
894 MHz
FDD 1, 4, 3, 5, 10 850 MHz
6 830 MHz to
840 MHz
875 MHz to
885 MHz
FDD 5, 10 850 MHz
7 2500 MHz to
2570 MHz
2620 MHz to
2690 MHz
FDD 5, 10, 15, 20 2600 MHz
8 to 44
Frequency Bands and Channel
Bandwidths
Celcom (May 2013)
Maxis (April 2013)
Celcom (April 2013)
Maxis (Jan 2013)
Digi (July 2013-
Planned)
[Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-UTRA]

57. +
Release 12
3GPP time plan for REL-12 (decided in TSG #56 in June 2012):
• Start: Sept. 2012 (TSG #57)
• Stage 1 (requirements) freeze: March 2013 (TSG #59)
• Stage 2 (functional description) freeze: Dec. 2013 (TSG #62)
• Stage 3 (all details) freeze: June 2013 (TSG #64)
RAN Workshop on REL-12 & onwards held in June 11-12, 2012 in LlublJana, Slovenia:
• About 250 participants
• 42 presentations (http://www.3gpp.org/3GPP-News) from leading network operators
and manufacturers
• Scope:
• Requirements
• Potential technologies
• Technology roadmap for Release 12, 13 and afterwards
(Note:Workshop covered also UMTS but inly LTE is considered here)

58. +
Requirements for RAN in REL-12
! Capacity increase to cope with
traffic explosion
! Energy savings
! Cost efficiency
! Support for diverse application
and traffic type
! Higher user experience/data
rate
! Backhaul enhancement
! 2010 " 2020: 500x more
smartphones %& tablets; most
data traffic indoor
! Network operations/expanding
costs, eNB/UE power
consumption
! New apps, M2M interworking,
public safety
! User expects higher data rate
for similar costs
! Can become bottleneck with
larger data traffic increase
Requirements Impact

59. +Potential Technologies identified by REL-12
Workshop
! A great majority showed interest in Small Cell Enhancement
for LTE.Technologies proposed by many members:
! Interference coordination / management
! Dynamic TDD
! Enhanced discovery / mobility
! Frequency separation between macro and small cells with higher
frequency band, e.g. 3.5 GHz band for the small cells
! Inter site CA / macro cell assisted small cells
! Allows flexible data rate increase via carrier aggregation
avoiding control signaling in small cells
! Wireless backhaul for small cell

60. +Potential Technologies identified by REL-12
Workshop
! Very clear interest related to LTE Multi-Antenna/site
technologies such as:
! 3D MIMO/beam-forming to allow beam control in both horizontal
and vertical directions
! New procedures and functionalities for LTE to support
diverse traffic types proposed by many members:
! Control signaling reduction, etc. antenna array

61. +
Summary
• Envisaged REL-12 topics (to be completed by June 14):
• main topic: small cell enhancements cope with data traffic explosion
• further multi-antenna enhancements (3D MIMO, CoMP enhancements)
• D2D/public safety, offloading via Wifi, MTC will bring new aspects
• further enhancements of existing features (e.g. SON, MDT, CA)
• Future:
• further 4G enhancements expected before 5G (if 5G then led via ITU)
• driven by requirements from customers & network operators
• often triggered by availability of new spectrum and influenced by new
technologies/applications and costs

62. +
THANKYOU
EMAIL: mazlan@gmail.com
TWITTER: mazlan_abbas
FACEBOOK: www.facebook.com/drmazlanabbas
LINKEDIN: www.linkedin.com/in/mazlan/
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