Mark Goldstein, President of International Research Center (http://www.researchedge.com/) presented on the next Internet wave, how the Internet of Things (IoT), will connect tens of billions of new sensors and devices in the coming years driving sustainability while transforming home, business, government, industrial, medical, transportation, and other complex ecosystems. The presentation examined IoT’s evolving wireless protocols, their pro and cons, and deployment trends and prospects including the impact of 5G. It also explored how IoT will be implemented and monetized across a various application spaces, creating new business models from pervasive sensor deployments and data gathering, accompanied by new privacy and security risks, as well as roadblocks and operational challenges, emerging standards and protocols, gateways and ecosystem integration, big data strategies, and analytic opportunities. This brief wireless-focused presentation is complemented by my latest long-form IoT mega-presentation, Internet of Things Innovations & Megatrends Update, to the IEEE Computer Society Phoenix Chapter last December with an extensive IoT technology and market overview available on SlideShare for viewing and download at http://bit.ly/2hLXjPT.

1. The Internet of Things -
Wireless Technologies & Utilization
Wednesday, April 26, 2017
Mark Goldstein, International Research Center
PO Box 825, Tempe, AZ 85280-0825, Phone: 602-470-0389,
markg@researchedge.com, URL: http://www.researchedge.com/
Business Partner, Sustainability Partners (https://www.sustainability.partners/)
Presentation Available at http://www.slideshare.net/markgirc
© 2017 - International Research Center
http://sites.ieee.org/phoenix-emcs/

2. See also my extensive and comprehensive:
Internet of Things Innovations & Megatrends
Presentation to the IEEE Computer Society Phoenix
On December 14, 2016 at http://bit.ly/2hLXjPT
IoT Overview and Ecosystems
IoT Computing Platforms and Sensors
IoT Gateway and Network Connections
IoT Application Arenas
• Consumer and Home Automation
• Wearables
• Healthcare and Life Science
• Retail and Logistics
• Industrial
• Smart Buildings
• Smart Cities and Environment
• Transportation
IoT Security and Privacy
IoT Standards and Organizations
IoT Data Applications and Business Models

4. Source: Teradata Corporation
Internet of Things Basics

5. Source: Postscapes (http://postscapes.com/)

6. Source: Postscapes (http://postscapes.com/)

7. Source: Postscapes (http://postscapes.com/)

8. Source: IDC & Peplink 2015
IoT Vision

9. Source: IEEE Spectrum 10/16

12. 16GB NOOBS
SD Card
Raspberry Pi
Camera Board
PiFace Relay+
https://www.element14.com/community/community/raspberry-pi/

13. https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/pi-zero/
The Raspberry Pi Zero is half the size of
a Model A+, with twice the utility. A tiny
Raspberry Pi that’s affordable enough
for any project!
• 1Ghz, Single-core CPU
• 512MB RAM
• Mini HDMI & USB On-The-Go ports
• Micro USB power
• HAT-compatible 40-pin header
• Composite video & reset headers
• Can utilize Raspbian Jessie OS Adafruit Raspberry Pi Zero Starter Pack
http://www.adafruit.com/products/2816
65 mm x 30 mm x 5 mm

14. http://www.ti.com/product/cc2541
The Texas Instruments
CC2541 is a power-
optimized true system-on-
chip (SoC) solution for
both Bluetooth low energy
and proprietary 2.4-GHz
applications. It enables
robust network nodes to
be built with low total bill-
of-material costs. The
CC2541 combines the
excellent performance of a
leading RF transceiver
with an industry-standard
enhanced 8051 MCU, in-
system programmable
flash memory, 8-KB RAM,
and many other powerful
supporting features and
peripherals. The CC2541 is
highly suited for systems
where ultralow power
consumption is required.
TI CC2541 SOC

15. Intel’s Edison computer is housed in an SD card form factor and comes with built-
in Linux and both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth wireless. The computer, which is based on
Intel's 22-nanometer Quark chips, can be the basis for a new wave of products
and will become available summer 2014. Source: eWeek

16. Intel Curie Module Unleashing Wearable Device Innovation
http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en
/wearables/wearable-soc.html
Intel’s Curie module is a complete low-
power solution for the wearable space
with compute, motion sensor, Bluetooth
Low Energy, and battery charging
capabilities.
Key Features:
• Low-power, 32-bit Intel Quark SE SoC
• 384kB Flash memory, 80kB SRAM
• Small and efficient open source real-
time operating system (RTOS)
• Low-power integrated DSP sensor hub
with a proprietary pattern matching
accelerator
• Bluetooth Low Energy
• 6-Axis combo sensor with
accelerometer and gyroscope
• Battery charging circuitry (PMIC)
• Released January, 2015

17. Approximately 26 mm x 35 mm
https://software.intel.com/en-us/node/675623

18. Netclearance Systems, Inc.’s (NCS) mBeaconSense hub embeds temperature, vibration,
accelerometer, magnetic, and light sensors into a 15mm x 20mm form factor making it the
industry's smallest beacon technology to incorporate multiple data sensors into one device.
Combined with the Netclearance Systems' Wi-Fi, Ethernet, and mesh gateways,
mBeaconSense enables multiple remote sensing capabilities in a single tag allowing for
streamlined, and cost-effective deployments. mBeaconSense includes everything necessary
to create next generation IoT sensing capabilities utilizing low power Bluetooth and Wi-Fi.
The mBeaconSense incorporates a near field communication (NFC) antenna and memory to
provide close proximity passive identification capabilities making the product both a hybrid
passive and active tag. http://www.netclearance.com/

19. AT&T Dedicated IoT Starter Kit for Amazon Web Services
https://starterkit.att.com/

22. Sensor Cluster Trends for Mobile Phones
(Inertial Measurement Units)
AMS AV-MLV-P2 is a volatile organic compounds (VOC) gas sensor which can detect
alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, organic acids, amines, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.

23. The world's first smartphone with a giant six-inch screen and a built-in ADI (U.S.,
http://www.analog.com/) spectrometer running integrated software by Consumer Physics (U.S.,
https://www.consumerphysics.com/) and manufacturers by electronics giant Sichuan Changhong Electric
Co. (China). (Source: Sichuan Changhong Electric)

24. The Array of Things (AoT) is an NSF grant
funded urban sensing project to implement a
network of interactive, modular sensor boxes
that will be installed around Chicago to
collect real-time data on the city’s
environment, infrastructure, and activity for
research and public use. The nodes will
initially measure temperature, barometric
pressure, light, vibration, carbon monoxide,
nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone,
ambient sound intensity, pedestrian and
vehicle traffic, and surface temperature.
Continued research and development will
help create sensors to monitor other urban
factors of interest such as flooding and
standing water, precipitation, wind, and
pollutants. See: http://arrayofthings.github.io/

26. Source: Fujitsu

27. Source: Cymbet
Energy Harvesting Sweet Spot

28. http://www.electronicproducts.com/Po
wer_Products/Power_Management/Ne
w_mineral_can_simultaneously_convert
_movement_sunlight_and_heat_into_el
ectricity.aspx
Source: Electronic Products 2/17

29. Typical End-to-End IoT Architecture Solutions

30. IoT’s Myriad Pathways and Gateways to the Cloud
Source: Keysight Technologies

31. IoT Technology Data Rate and Range Needs
Source: Rohde & Schwartz

32. https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/bluetooth-core-specification/bluetooth5

33. https://www.led-professional.com/technology/standardization/zigbee-alliance-and-thread-group-join-force
http://www.threadgroup.org/
http://www.zigbee.org/

34. Source: ZigBee Alliance (http://www.zigbee.org/zigbee-for-developers/zigbee3-0/)

35. Wireless Connection Technologies for Industrial IoT
Source: Texas Instruments

36. Wi-Fi Ecosystem is Undergoing Change
http://www.wirelessdesignmag.com/article/2016/05/now-80211ac-wave-1-rolled-out-whats-next-wi-fi

37. Why the Present 802.11 Technology is Inadequate:
• Absence of power-saving mechanisms: The energy constraints of sensor networks are not
considered in the current IEEE 802.11 standard.
• Unsuitable bands: Due to their short wireless range and high obstruction losses, existing
Wi-Fi bands require the use of intermediate nodes, adding complexity to the network.
IEEE 802.11ah Requirements to Support M2M Communications:
• Up to 8,191 devices associated with an access point (AP) through a hierarchical identifier
structure
• Carrier frequencies of approximately 900 MHz (license-exempt) that are less congested
and guarantee a long range
• Transmission range up to 1 km in outdoor areas
• Data rates of at least 100 kbps
• One-hop network topologies
• Short and infrequent data transmissions (data packet size approximately 100 bytes and
packet inter-arrival time greater than 30 s)
• Very low energy consumption by adopting power saving strategies
• Cost-effective solution for network device manufacturers
IEEE 802.11ah Wi-Fi Approach for M2M Communications
http://www.ieee802.org/11/Reports/tgah_update.htm
http://www.techrepublic.com/article/802-11ah-wi-fi-protocol-for-iot-solves-two-m2m-problems/

38. M2M Unlicensed Wireless Communications Comparison
Source: IEEE 802.11ah: The Wi-Fi Approach for M2M Communications Paper 10/14

40. Source: Link Labs
Low Power Wide Area
Networks (LPWAN)

41. Source: Cisco
Evolution of Mobile Standards

42. 5G Scalability to Address Diverse Services and Devices
Source: Qualcomm

43. Typical Cellular IoT Use Cases
Source: 4G Americas

44. Potential 5G Services Bandwidth & Latency Requirements
Source: GMSA, Heavy Reading

45. IEEE 5G
http://5g.ieee.org/

46. IoT Connection Technologies Operating Range
Source: Keysight Technologies

47. IoT Wireless Technology Summary
Source: Rohde & Schwartz

48. Wireless Technologies Using Unlicensed Bands
Source: Rohde & Schwartz

49.  IoT Frequency Bands of Operation (Non-Cellular)
Source: Keysight Technologies

51. Source: FCC/National Instruments

53. Source: AT&T

54. Why the Internet of Things Matters

55. Source: LNS Research

57. The Internet of Things -
Wireless Technologies & Utilization
Wednesday, April 26, 2017
Mark Goldstein, International Research Center
PO Box 825, Tempe, AZ 85280-0825, Phone: 602-470-0389,
markg@researchedge.com, URL: http://www.researchedge.com/
Business Partner, Sustainability Partners (https://www.sustainability.partners/)
Presentation Available at http://www.slideshare.net/markgirc
© 2017 - International Research Center
http://sites.ieee.org/phoenix-emcs/