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129.5.2017
Maria Antikainen
Consumer service innovation in a circular
economy – the customer value perspective
Maria Antikainen, VTT
Minna Lammi, University of Helsinki
Taru Hakanen, VTT
ICSERV2016, Tokio, 2016
@AarreResearch
229.5.2017
Maria Antikainen
Circular economy transforms business
Technology as an enabler and
accelerator
Introduction RQ Literature
Method &
Results
Conclusions
The circular economy (CE) is
based on:
• Zero waste
• Keeping materials in use for as
long as possible
• Preserving or even upgrading
value by creating added value
through services and smart
solutions
329.5.2017
Maria Antikainen
RQs & method
RQ: How do CE-based services create value for
consumers?
We need to..
§ increase our understanding of the way customer
value is perceived by consumers in the CE
§ understand the ways in which the value concept
can be better utilized when developing CE-based
services.
Introduction RQ Literature
Method &
Results
Conclusions
429.5.2017
Maria Antikainen
Consumers in CE
§ It is easier to gain acceptance of a new
practice when it closely resembles other
practices that are already common. (see
e.g. Mylan, 2015)
§ In order to offer superior value, services
have to be easy-to-use, time saving, low-
risk and cost-effective (Antikainen et al.
2015; Lammi et al. 2011; Mylan 2015)
§ Some factors in consumer value creation
more linked to temporal issues, some are
more permanent (Antikainen and Lammi
2016)
§ The relationship with the product has an
influence on how attractive they perceive
owning vs. renting or leasing (Antikainen and
Lammi 2016).
Introduction RQ Literature
Method &
Results
Conclusions
529.5.2017
Maria Antikainen
Customer value
Benefits
• Service
quality
• Strategic
benefits
• Economic
benefits
• Practical
benefits
• Personal
benefits
• Emotional
benefits
Sacrifices
• Monetary
sacrifices
• Non-
monetary
sacrifices e.g.
time effort,
perceived risk
Customer value
in CE
Customer value: a trade-off
between benefits and
sacrifices that customers
perceive when they purchase
and use a service (Eggert and
Ulaga 2002; Lindgreen and
Wynstra 2005; Ravald and
Grönroos 1996)
Customers’ roles in value co-
creation are central (Vargo
and Lusch 2004).
Introduction RQ Literature
Method &
Results
Conclusions
629.5.2017
Maria Antikainen
Consumer workshop
§ In Helsinki, February 2016
§ 42 consumers- five groups facilitated by a
researcher.
§ All discussions took between 2.5 and 3 hours
and were recorded.
§ The discussions were in Finnish.
§ Themes: recycling, lending, renting, sharing
secondary use of products, relationship with
products
§ Three scenarios..
Introduction RQ Literature
Method &
Results
Conclusions
729.5.2017
Maria Antikainen
Scenario 1: Would you be interested in renting a couch if...
§ There would also be a warranty (for example if the couch was
dirty)
§ You could also change your couch to a new one after 5 years
Introduction RQ Literature
Method &
Results
Conclusions
829.5.2017
Maria Antikainen
Scenario 2: Would you be interested in renting a washing machine
if...
§ It could send information about its condition to the service provider in
order to receive maintenance before breaking down?
§ Detergent could be also included in the same service package, and
you could pay based on clothes washed
§ You could also get advice on more efficient usage of the washing
machine (for example, detergent dosage) to your email or mobile
phone
Introduction RQ Literature
Method &
Results
Conclusions
929.5.2017
Maria Antikainen
Scenario 3: Would you be interested in renting clothes if...
§ You could change your wardrobe based on the seasons
§ You could get everyday clothes, not just clothes for special occasions
Introduction RQ Literature
Method &
Results
Conclusions
1029.5.2017
Maria Antikainen
Customer value in CE-
Value of three circular
service models
Benefits
Practical
• Quality of the product
• Immediate repairing
• Increased
performance
• Flexibility
• Additional services
Economic
• Lower risks
Personal
• Variability
Sacrifices
Psychological sacrifices
• Feeling not so
comfortable
• Different payment
model
• Privacy
Economic sacrifices
• Higher price
“All layers of life relate to
all furniture. And I think
that it would be terrible (to
hire a couch), I don’t think
that I would sit on a hired
sofa. I would just keep it in
a corner.”
Let’s say that you can
make a mistake when
you buy something,
so hiring would be a
good idea because
you can try it a week,
two weeks..
Introduction RQ Literature
Method &
Results
Conclusions
1129.5.2017
Maria Antikainen
Conclusions
§ The balance between the economic benefits and sacrifices is
crucial.
§ Owning still preferred - change in mindset needed
§ Regarding some products, personal and emotional benefits tend to
override other factors.
§ Adding personalisation and a feeling of co-creation needed
§ Small steps towards services
Introduction RQ Literature
Method &
Results
Conclusions
1229.5.2017
Maria Antikainen
Thank you!
maria.antikainen@vtt.fi
@AarreResearch

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Consumer service innovation in a circular economy-customer value perspective

  • 1. 129.5.2017 Maria Antikainen Consumer service innovation in a circular economy – the customer value perspective Maria Antikainen, VTT Minna Lammi, University of Helsinki Taru Hakanen, VTT ICSERV2016, Tokio, 2016 @AarreResearch
  • 2. 229.5.2017 Maria Antikainen Circular economy transforms business Technology as an enabler and accelerator Introduction RQ Literature Method & Results Conclusions The circular economy (CE) is based on: • Zero waste • Keeping materials in use for as long as possible • Preserving or even upgrading value by creating added value through services and smart solutions
  • 3. 329.5.2017 Maria Antikainen RQs & method RQ: How do CE-based services create value for consumers? We need to.. § increase our understanding of the way customer value is perceived by consumers in the CE § understand the ways in which the value concept can be better utilized when developing CE-based services. Introduction RQ Literature Method & Results Conclusions
  • 4. 429.5.2017 Maria Antikainen Consumers in CE § It is easier to gain acceptance of a new practice when it closely resembles other practices that are already common. (see e.g. Mylan, 2015) § In order to offer superior value, services have to be easy-to-use, time saving, low- risk and cost-effective (Antikainen et al. 2015; Lammi et al. 2011; Mylan 2015) § Some factors in consumer value creation more linked to temporal issues, some are more permanent (Antikainen and Lammi 2016) § The relationship with the product has an influence on how attractive they perceive owning vs. renting or leasing (Antikainen and Lammi 2016). Introduction RQ Literature Method & Results Conclusions
  • 5. 529.5.2017 Maria Antikainen Customer value Benefits • Service quality • Strategic benefits • Economic benefits • Practical benefits • Personal benefits • Emotional benefits Sacrifices • Monetary sacrifices • Non- monetary sacrifices e.g. time effort, perceived risk Customer value in CE Customer value: a trade-off between benefits and sacrifices that customers perceive when they purchase and use a service (Eggert and Ulaga 2002; Lindgreen and Wynstra 2005; Ravald and Grönroos 1996) Customers’ roles in value co- creation are central (Vargo and Lusch 2004). Introduction RQ Literature Method & Results Conclusions
  • 6. 629.5.2017 Maria Antikainen Consumer workshop § In Helsinki, February 2016 § 42 consumers- five groups facilitated by a researcher. § All discussions took between 2.5 and 3 hours and were recorded. § The discussions were in Finnish. § Themes: recycling, lending, renting, sharing secondary use of products, relationship with products § Three scenarios.. Introduction RQ Literature Method & Results Conclusions
  • 7. 729.5.2017 Maria Antikainen Scenario 1: Would you be interested in renting a couch if... § There would also be a warranty (for example if the couch was dirty) § You could also change your couch to a new one after 5 years Introduction RQ Literature Method & Results Conclusions
  • 8. 829.5.2017 Maria Antikainen Scenario 2: Would you be interested in renting a washing machine if... § It could send information about its condition to the service provider in order to receive maintenance before breaking down? § Detergent could be also included in the same service package, and you could pay based on clothes washed § You could also get advice on more efficient usage of the washing machine (for example, detergent dosage) to your email or mobile phone Introduction RQ Literature Method & Results Conclusions
  • 9. 929.5.2017 Maria Antikainen Scenario 3: Would you be interested in renting clothes if... § You could change your wardrobe based on the seasons § You could get everyday clothes, not just clothes for special occasions Introduction RQ Literature Method & Results Conclusions
  • 10. 1029.5.2017 Maria Antikainen Customer value in CE- Value of three circular service models Benefits Practical • Quality of the product • Immediate repairing • Increased performance • Flexibility • Additional services Economic • Lower risks Personal • Variability Sacrifices Psychological sacrifices • Feeling not so comfortable • Different payment model • Privacy Economic sacrifices • Higher price “All layers of life relate to all furniture. And I think that it would be terrible (to hire a couch), I don’t think that I would sit on a hired sofa. I would just keep it in a corner.” Let’s say that you can make a mistake when you buy something, so hiring would be a good idea because you can try it a week, two weeks.. Introduction RQ Literature Method & Results Conclusions
  • 11. 1129.5.2017 Maria Antikainen Conclusions § The balance between the economic benefits and sacrifices is crucial. § Owning still preferred - change in mindset needed § Regarding some products, personal and emotional benefits tend to override other factors. § Adding personalisation and a feeling of co-creation needed § Small steps towards services Introduction RQ Literature Method & Results Conclusions