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Semelhante a Mapping Local Air Quality and Encouraging Civic Participation
Semelhante a Mapping Local Air Quality and Encouraging Civic Participation (20)
Mapping Local Air Quality and Encouraging Civic Participation
- 1. Click to edit Master title style 26/04/2013 126/04/2013 1 Click to edit Master subtitle style 26/04/2013 1 Who Are We? Mapping for Change is a social enterprise promoting and supporting community-based initiatives towards building more sustainable communities through the use of maps. We specialise in work on involving local communities in changing, developing or sustaining their environment and in helping them make the links between local action and bigger national and global issues through the application of mapping.
- 2. Click to edit Master title style 26/04/2013 226/04/2013 2 Click to edit Master subtitle style 26/04/2013 2 Citizen Science Citizen science is an approach that engages non- professional scientists to participate in data collection, analysis and dissemination of a scientific project.
- 3. Click to edit Master title style 26/04/2013 326/04/2013 3 Click to edit Master subtitle style 26/04/2013 3 • encourage participation in civic and democratic processes • practical opportunities for transdisciplinary working between traditional scientists and citizens • tailored methodologies and processes enable data collection and experiential knowledge production and sharing relevant to communities • can provide valuable insights for policy makers and other actors involved in environmental management Citizen Science
- 4. Click to edit Master title style 26/04/2013 426/04/2013 4 Click to edit Master subtitle style 26/04/2013 4 Research project using mobile technologies to collect, analyse and visualise local environmental information with the view to environmental monitoring, awareness enhancement and behavioural change by creating a new platform combining sensing technologies, networking applications and data-processing tools.
- 5. Click to edit Master title style 26/04/2013 526/04/2013 5 Click to edit Master subtitle style 26/04/2013 5 Mapping Local Air Quality in Communities across London Objective • To give local residents the tools to collect data on local air quality. • To give community members relevant local data with which to constructively influence/call for change. • Raise awareness of the issue
- 6. 26/04/2013 6 Monitoring Technology Pollutant Sampling Method Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion tubes Metal particles Wipe samples
- 7. 26/04/2013 7
- 8. 26/04/2013 8 Mapping Local Air Quality in Highbury
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- 11. 26/04/2013 11 Results Grid no concn ppb concn ppm µg/m3 1 36.73781372 0.036737814 69.12719256 2 42.39841841 0.042398418 79.77839008 3 22.97902504 0.022979025 43.23816058 4 19.9649376 0.019964938 37.56674516 5 36.83963307 0.036839633 69.31877952 6 24.57433495 0.024574335 46.23995311 7 21.3004519 0.021300452 40.07969693 8 20.19812578 0.020198126 38.00552043 9 18.79974189 0.018799742 35.37427098 9 34.33930742 0.034339307 64.61407677 10 18.4960886 0.018496089 34.80290601 11 24.33969748 0.024339697 45.79845081 12 34.16530587 0.034165306 64.2866692 13 18.50510837 0.018505108 34.81987794 14 20.03806221 0.020038062 37.70433907 15 33.78146367 0.033781464 63.56441789 Grid no concn ppb concn ppm µg/m3 16 19.78907091 0.019789071 37.23583 17 18.65210128 0.018652101 35.09647 18 45.19021412 0.045190214 85.03153 18 23.3511035 0.023351103 43.93828 18 27.95321403 0.027953214 52.59777 19 19.1114085 0.019111408 35.96071 20 39.2520706 0.039252071 73.85811 21 17.68116867 0.017681169 33.26952 22 29.71805016 0.02971805 55.91855 22 17.63810318 0.017638103 33.18849 23 19.15986327 0.019159863 36.05189 24 19.73198922 0.019731989 37.12842 24 32.53900102 0.032539001 61.22656 25 23.21342362 0.023213424 43.67921 26 25.33369295 0.025333693 47.66879 27 18.77732111 0.018777321 35.33208 Nitrogen Dioxide Levels
- 12. 26/04/2013 12 EU legislation to limit our exposure to air pollutants. NO2 Hourly mean 200µgm-3 (with no more than 18 exceedences per year) Annual mean 40 µg m-3 Local authorities must identify areas where NO2 concentrations are higher than the objectives (and limit values) and develop local measures to put things right.
- 13. 26/04/2013 13
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- 15. 26/04/2013 15 Local Action on Air Quality in Putney
- 16. 26/04/2013 16
- 17. 26/04/2013 17 Putney Society public meetings NO2 survey of main roads and nearby residential streets Widely distributed press release targeted at politicians and media Follow-up with Wandsworth Council, TfL and Mayor’s Office Key achievement in persuading TfL to introduce hybrid and retro-fitted buses KEY ACTIONS
- 18. 26/04/2013 18 Second survey focusing on PMs? Working with Wandworth Environmental Forum to keep pressure on Council – ensure monitoring maintained Engaging with Director of Public Health for Wandsworth – air quality seemingly not one of her priorities – especially to link the issue to the Active Travel agenda Need to find new ‘hooks’ to keep the story alive – e.g. hybrid buses are using their diesel engines in Putney Use the Boris bikes opportunity NEXT STEPS More difficult, under discussion:
- 19. 26/04/2013 19 KEY ISSUES PUBLICITY MADE THE DIFFERENCE – got the parties round the table Putney’s problems now on the media radar – thanks to King’s College data Imminence of 2012 Mayoral elections a factor Council genuinely motivated to address issues (Mayor holding out offer of “Exemplar” status if innovative/effective actions taken) But it is not in the Council’s power to tackle the fundamental problem – our High Street doubles as a major through road and a local shopping street – and it is disinclined to consider anything too “radical” and nothing which might be expensive Council was not prepared to act on our data and in fact challenged some findings
Notas do Editor
- Researchers are increasingly recognising the potential advantages of using citizen-scientists to contribute and gather large amounts of monitoring data on habitats, species abundance, macroecology, infectious disease. Studies involving citizen scientists have increased in number, academic disciplines, in addition to geographical and temporal scales over the past decade. Citizen science is an approach that engages non-professional scientists to participate in data collection, analysis and dissemination of a scientific project.Our aim, however, is not to engage citizens as mere data collectors but rather to provide them with the tools to enable them to carry out their own research.Some of aspects we hope to explore as part of the research are the effectiveness of different models of recruitment and engagement and how this might influence the duration of involvement in citizen science projects/activities.
- Citizen science and participatory mapping provide practical opportunities in which traditional scientists and people who have knowledge of an area, or process, through experiencing that process on a regular, can work together to bridge the environmental knowledge gap. Through the development of tailored methodologies and processes communities are able to collect data relevant to their local environment and share their experiential knowledge which can provide valuable insights for policy makers and other actors involved in environmental management processes.
- Citizen Science research project, using mobile technologies to collect, analyse and visualise local environmental information, and analysis of changes in behaviour based on the information gatheredCommunity-based monitoring (CBM) encompasses different levels of citizens’ participation going from opportunistic sensing to crowd sourcing, participatory data collection and “citizen science”. In the urban environment with its complex physical and social interactions CBM can help in collecting data at a spatial and temporal scale that corresponds best to inhabitants personal environment and activities. It can also enhance people’s understanding of the urban environment, and as such be a part of collaborative decision-making processes.A crucial issue is the availability and quality of low-cost sensing devices. This is i.e. the case for air quality monitoring. Portable instruments are available to measure components such as UFP and black carbon. They are however expensive, and large scale crowd-sourcing strategies are therefore not obvious. Still they can play a role in participatory monitoring exercises. Over the next two years EveryAware will develop and deploy sensorboxes, that will be used in community-based air quality monitoring in Belgium, Italy and the UK. To overcome the quality issues of single sensors, it is conceived as a portable multisensor array or “e-nose”. The prototype SensorBox contains a range of commercially available electrochemical and metal oxide gas sensors
- As with any research project involving the development of new technologies these often come some-way down the line in the research and development. As such, we wanted to explore the use of low-tech solutions, previously used by MfC, using basic monitoring equipment to enable participants to monitor local air quality.
- These oxides of nitrogen are known as NOX NO2 is an irritant gas which can damage cell membranes and proteins. High concentrations can produce airway inflammation (experienced as cough, chest tightness and difficulty breathing)The tubes collect information about Nitrogen Dioxide by having material that react to the presence of this pollutant.Because one end of the tube is exposed to air, the absorbent material can react to the presence of NO2 and the laboratory analysis can show the levels of the pollutant in the air. The results provide an average over the period when the tube was exposed to the environment
- There are specific sensors that can identify concentration of particulate matter of PM10 and PM2.5, however, these monitors are expensive and are being used in automatic monitoring station that are run by local authorities and other bodies. However, the cheapest monitor is over £200 and we cannot use them.analysed at UCL to identify the substances that can be found in the material and for some qualitative assessment of how much dust was gathered
- These primary NO2 emissions are particularly important from diesel vehicles (especially when moving slowly), and can make upas much as 25% of the total NOX emissions from this source. One reason for this is as a side-effect of measures that have been developed to reduce emissions of particulate matter from diesel vehicles by treating the exhaust using diesel particulate filters. These primary NO2 emissions can lead to high concentrations of NO2 at the roadside, especially where there are many diesel vehicles.
- Outcome:Public meeting - attended by over 40 local residentsJenny Jones – “the turnout had brought her hope and she recognised that the issue was obviously important for local communities”.A Public Protection Officer from the Local Authority expressed her support for the study and highlighted the difficulties they have had in engaging the public in this discourse. She welcomed any move to raise awareness at the local level.Community compiled a list of measures which they and others in the community could adopt to reduce exposure to, and production of, harmful emissions. They also listed suggestions to be put forward to the Mayor and Local Authority.To date, the environmental knowledge produced has been used to gain media coverage, hold public meetings, lobby Mayoral candidates, hold talks with Transport for London, engage London Assembly Members and generally widen awareness of the issue.
- These oxides of nitrogen are known as NOX NO2 is an irritant gas which can damage cell membranes and proteins. High concentrations can produce airway inflammation (experienced as cough, chest tightness and difficulty breathing)The tubes collect information about Nitrogen Dioxide by having material that react to the presence of this pollutant.Because one end of the tube is exposed to air, the absorbent material can react to the presence of NO2 and the laboratory analysis can show the levels of the pollutant in the air. The results provide an average over the period when the tube was exposed to the environment