1. Computer-aided Design &
Manufacturing
(CAD) & (CAM)
Atif Zohaib Khan
Lecturer Computer Science
MCS from COMSATS

2. Table of Contents
• What is Computer-aided Design?
• How does it work?
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• Six ways to choose the right CAD for you
• Summary
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3. What Is Computer-aided Design
(CAD)
• A software system that uses computer graphics to assist in the:
• creation
• modification
• analysis of a design.
• CAD has many different applications, which include:-
• Designing new cars;
• Bridge and building design and testing; fitted kitchens
• Printed circuit board (PCB) design; aircraft.
• Short History
• 1982 Solid modeling has proliferated to CAD systems
• 1983 3D developed in Sweden
• 1986 Autodesk's AutoCAD is the most popular microcomputer design program
• 1989 NASA develops high-end data visualization programs
• 2000 Moving design engineering from the desktop to the Web
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4. How Does It Work? (CAD)
• Geometric Modeling & Visualization
• Uses basic lines, curves, and shapes to generate
• 2D: Technical drawing & General-Purpose
drafting E.g. AutoCAD
• 3D: Difficult to master & Freely rotate and zoom
a model
• E.g. 3Ds Studio Max, Maya
• Engineering analysis and design analysis
• Is also called computer-aided engineering (CAE)
• Tests and analyzes designs on the computer screen
• E.g. AutoCAD
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5. Advantages (CAD)
• Reduce the lead time in case of simulation
• Products can be tested more quickly
• Costly mistakes in design or production can be
avoided
• Time to manufacture can be reduced
• Documentation can be printed in various forms
for multiple users
• The quality of designs and the products
manufactured from them is improved
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6. Computer aided Manufacturing
(CAM)
• The use of computer software to control machine tools and
related machinery in the manufacturing of work pieces (a piece
of any material under process).
• Also refer to the use of a computer to assist in all
operations of a manufacturing plant, including planning,
management, transportation and storage.
• CAM is a computer-aided process after CAD
• largest CAM software companies include:
• Dassault Systèmes, Siemens PLM Software, Delcam, Vero Software, PTC, Tebis,
Open Mind Technologies, Cimatron
• Free CAM software: BlenderCam, PyCam
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7. Computer integrated Manufacturing
(CIM)
• The manufacturing approach of using computers to control the
entire production process. (Wikipedia)
• This integration allows individual processes to exchange
information with each other and initiate actions.
• CIM relies on Closed-loop control processes
• Also known as flexible design & manufacturing
• E.g. Auto Manufacturing Plants
• Key challenges: Integration, Data Integrity, Process Control
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8. Key Challenges (CIM)
• Integration of components from different suppliers: When
different machines, such as CNC, conveyors and robots, are
using different communications protocols may cause problems.
• Data Integrity The higher the degree of automation, the more
critical is the integrity of the data used to control the machines.
While the CIM system saves on labor of operating the
machines, it requires extra human labor in ensuring that there
are proper safeguards for the data signals that are used to
control the machines.
• Process Control Computers may be used to assist the human
operators of the manufacturing facility, but there must always
be a competent engineer on hand to handle circumstances
which could not be foreseen by the designers of the control
software.
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9. Bibliography
1. Russell, Roberta Operations Management
Prentice Hall, Inc. 2000
2. Rowell, Amy “Designing To Win” Computer Graphics World March, 1997
3. Stevens, Tim “The cost of CAD Incompatibility” www.IndustryWeek.com June 11,
2001
4. www.bdcmag.com
5. Meyer, Ann “TRW Faces CAD Translation Nightmares” Computer Graphics
World June, 1997
6. Rowell, Amy “The Challenge of Cad Interoperability” Computer Graphics World
June, 1997
7. Smith, Susan “The Challenges of Complex Surfaces” Computer Graphics World
November, 1996
8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_manufacturing
9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-integrated_manufacturing
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10. Bibliography
1. Russell, Roberta Operations Management
Prentice Hall, Inc. 2000
2. Rowell, Amy “Designing To Win” Computer Graphics World March, 1997
3. Stevens, Tim “The cost of CAD Incompatibility” www.IndustryWeek.com June 11,
2001
4. www.bdcmag.com
5. Meyer, Ann “TRW Faces CAD Translation Nightmares” Computer Graphics
World June, 1997
6. Rowell, Amy “The Challenge of Cad Interoperability” Computer Graphics World
June, 1997
7. Smith, Susan “The Challenges of Complex Surfaces” Computer Graphics World
November, 1996
8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_manufacturing
9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-integrated_manufacturing
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