This document discusses common cake faults, their causes, and ways to classify them. It identifies two main types of cake faults - external and internal. External faults include a crust that is too dark, cakes that are too small, spots on cakes, shrinkage, bursting or peaking on top, a crust that is too thick or pale. Internal faults cover uneven texture, holes and tunnels, coarse grain, poor flavor, sinking fruit, crumbling or pale fruitcakes, cakes being dense or having poor keeping quality. Each fault is explained along with potential causes such as incorrect ingredient amounts, quality issues, mixing errors, or baking problems.

1. CAKE FAULTS AND
THEIR CAUSES

2. Introduction
 The quality cake we have to use quality raw materials and should follow correct measurement,
methods, processing and baking.
 If there are any changes or mistakes in already mentioned factors some difficulties will be
created. This will be call faults.
 Cake faults are classified and judged by to ways:
1. External cake faults
2. Internal cake faults

3. EXTERNAL CAKE FAULTS
Crust too dark:
 Too much sugar and milk
 Too much of baking temperature
 Very long baking time
 Improper quantity of eggs, fat and baking powder

4. Too small cakes
 Too strong flour and too much quantity
 Poor quality of raw materials
 Improper mixing
 air incorporated
 Batter curdles during creaming
 Gluten development during mixing
 Very large cake tin
 Inaccurate weighment of batter
 Uneven batter temperature
 Too hot oven or cold oven
 Insufficient quantity of moisture and leavening agents

5. A spot on cake
 Too much sugar quantity
 Batter too tight or not enough liquid
 Slow baking
 Batter standing too large before baking
 Granulated sugar used and it is not properly
dissolved

6. Shrinkage of cake
 Little quantity of sugar
 Very little quantity of baking powder
 Too much mixing
 Toughening of the batter
 Too much bottom heat

7. Cake burst on top
 Too strong flour and too much quantity
 Improper mixing
 Batter very stiff
 Oven too hot

8. Cakes peak on top
 Very strong flour
 Insufficient quantity of fat
 Too stiff or loose batter
 Insufficient aeration
 Over mixing
 Too much top heat
 Too much of baking powder or fast acting
baking powder

9. Crust too thick
 Too much sugar
 Very little liquid
 Uneven baking temperature
 Cakes standing too long before baking
 Over baking
 Cool oven

10. Crust too pale
 Too little sugar
 Lack of milk
 Too low baking temperature

11. INTERNAL CAKE FAULTS
UNEVEN TEXTURE:
 Wrong quality of ingredients
 Uneven quantity of ingredients
 Insufficient quantity of baking powder
 Insufficient quantity of liquid
 Too little mixing
 Batter curdled during mixing
 Uneven batter temperature
 Uneven baking temperature

12. Holes and tunnels
 Less sugar
 Too much eggs
 Improper mixing of fat
 Too much leavening agent
 Improper creaming
 Pockets of air entrapped
 Tough batter
 Too high batter temperature

13. Coarse and irregular grain
 Too much sugar
 Insufficient quantity of liquids
 Too much baking powder
 Improper mixing
 Curdling during mixing
 Batter too stiff
 Uneven temperature

14. Poor flavour
 Wrong quality of raw materials
 Poor flavouring materials
 Improper storage of raw materials
 Insufficient quantity of salt and flavour
 Too much leavening agent
 Under baked

15. Sinking of fruit
 Weak flour used
 Too much baking powder, sugar and fat
 Uneven mixing
 Too thin batter
 Too much aeration
 Fruits not drained properly
 Uneven size of fruits
 Too much liquid
 Too much moisture content in fruits
 Incorrect baking temperature
 Oven shaking during baking

16. Fruit cake crumbles when cut
 Wrong quality of flour
 Too much sugar
 Too little eggs
 Insufficient quantity of liquids
 Improper mixing
 Unsoaked fruits used
 Incorrect baking temperature
 Too long baking
 Overbeating
 Cutting the cake when it is hot

17. Pale crumb colour
 Type of sweetening agent used
 High sugar content in fruits
 Too much soda
 Too much bottom heat
 Insufficient batter acidity
 Slow baking

18. Dense
 Wrong quality of flour
 Insufficient quantity of eggs and
leavening agents
 Insufficient quantity of liquid
 Batter too loose

19. Poor keeping quality
 Wrong quality of raw materials
 Improper types of flour
 Insufficient quantity of eggs,
sugar, fat and flour
 Too much baking temperature

20. Quick staling
 Poor quality of raw materials
 Too little fat, eggs and liquid
 Too much baking powder
 Curdled batter
 Over baking
 Store in dry atmosphere

21. THANK YOU…