1. 2nd Semester
Por: Maya Cawood

2. Table of Contents
1. Imperfect : 3
2. Preterite: 4-8
 Car/ Gar/Zar: 5
 Spock: 6
 Cucaracha: 7
 Snake/Snakey : 8
1. Model: 9
2. Adverb: 10
3. Progressive : 11-12
 Present
 Past
4. Future and Irregulars: 13
5. Superlatives: 14
6. Formal Commands: 15
7. Prepositions: 16
8. Demonstratives: 17

3. Imperfecto Verbos
 Forms of the imperfect, regular verbs. Stem: Take the
infinitive, and remove the last two letters (the infinitive
ending):
hablar > habl-; comer > com-; vivir > viv-.
 Endings: -ar verbs: -aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -abais, -
aban.
-er and -ir verbs: -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían.
Irregular verbs. Only three verbs are irregular in the
imperfect: ser, ir, and ver:
 ser ir ver
 era éramos iba íbamos veía veíamos eras erais ibas
ibais veías veíais era eran iba iban veía veían

4. Preterite
 Past Tense!!
-AR -ER/IR
-é -í
-aste -iste
-ó -ió
-amos -imos
-aron -ieron

5. -Car, -Gar, -Zar
 Regular verbs with these endings have a spelling
change to the yo form to keep the sound of the verb.
 -CAR….YO….qué
 -GAR…YO….gué
 -ZAR…YO…cé

6. Spock-
irregular for preterite
Hacer: Dar o Ver: Ir o Ser:
Hice I Fui
Hiciste Iste Fuiste
Hizo Io Fue
Hicimos Imos Fuiemos
Hicieron Ieron Fueron

7. Cucaracha
= irregulares for preteríte
 Andar- anduv Endings:
 Estar- estuv -e
 Poder- pud -iste
 Poner- pus -o
 Querer- quis -imos
 Saber- sup -isteis
 Tener- tuv -ieron
 Venir- vin
 Decir- dij
 Tracer- traj

8. Snake/Snakey

9. Modal Verbos
Modal verb in right
form + infinitive

10. Adverbos
 Most Spanish adverbs are formed by adding -mente to the
feminine singular form of the adjective. This ending
corresponds to -ly in English.
Adjective to feminine form to adverb
 Claro…..clara….claramente
 Note: if two adverbs pertain to one verb the first adverb
gets changed to only feminine form and the second one
gets changed all the way to the –mente form.

11. Progressive- Present
 Step One: Right form of Estar
Estoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están
 Step Two: Change verb to –ando, -iendo, -yendo
Ar- ando Er/Ir- iendo -yendo
hablar: hablando
(hablar - ar + ando)
comer: comiendo
(comer - er + iendo)

12. Progressive-Past
 This tense, EL PASADO PROGRESIVO, is used when you
say sentences such as..
 I was working.
Estaba trabajando. / Trabajaba
 They were studying.
Ellos estaban estudiando ahora.
 We were selling a novel
Estábamos vendiendo una novela.
 He was eating a lot.
Él estaba comiendo mucho.
 She was leaving.
Estaba partiendo

13. Superlatives
 You use superlatives when you want to say something
has the MOST or the LEAST of a certain quality.
 MOST= más
 MENOS= menos
 Luis es el más alto. Luis is the tallest
 Carmen es la más pequeña

14. Future Los
irregula
endings
res
 “I will…” Decer Dir
 Formula: Hacer Har é
infinitive + future ending
Poner Pondr ás
 Endings Example: Cantaré
Salir Saldr á
 -é
 -ás Tener Tendr emos
 -á Valer Vendr án
 -emos
Poder Podr
 -án
Querer Querr
Saber Sabr

15. Formal Commands
 For Ud./Uds.: put the verb in its “yo” form and change
to its opposite vowel
Comer- Como- Coma
Tener- Tengo- Tenga
 Negative Form: Add NO in front of the verb. Conjugate
the verb the same way!
¡No Coma! ¡No tenga!
 Irregulares= TVDISHES

16. Prepositions
 Abajo: below
 Arriba: above
 Debajo de: under
 Dentro de: inside
 Encima de: Above
 Fuera de: outside
 Cerca de: near
 Legos de: far
 Detrás de: behind

17. Demonstratives
 Indicate which one
This That That These Those Those
(near) (far) over over
there there
Este Ese Aquel Estos Esos Aquellos
Esta Esa Aquella Estas Esas Aquellas
The T is near me!!