This document describes a patient monitoring system that uses Zigbee technology. The system monitors a patient's heart rate and body temperature using sensors. It then sends this health data wirelessly to a computer network and alerts doctors on their mobile phones if any abnormal readings are detected. The system is intended to remotely monitor patients, such as elderly people or those in hospitals, and notify doctors of changes in vital signs.

1. ZIGBEE Based Patient
Monitoring System&PC
Interfacing to gsm
The HEART BEAT
Heart rate is a term used to describe the frequency of the cardiac
cycle. It is considered one of the four vital signs. Usually it is
calculated as the number of contractions (heart beats) of the heart in
one minute and expressed as "beats per minute" (bpm). See "Heart"
for information on embryofetal heart rates. The heart beats up to 120
times per minute in childhood.
When resting, the average adult human heart beats at about 70 bpm
(males) and 75 bpm (females); however, this rate varies among
people and can be significantly lower in athletes. The infant/neonatal
rate of heartbeat is around 130-150 bpm, the toddler's about 100–130
bpm, the older child's about 90–110 bpm, and the adolescent's about
80–100 bpm.
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2. The pulse is the most commonly used method of measuring the heart
rate. This method may be inaccurate in cases of low cardiac output, as
happens in some arrhythmias, where the heart rate may be
considerably higher than the pulse rate.
Monitoring Body Temperature
Normal human body temperature, also known as normothermia or
euthermia, is a concept that depends upon the place in the body at
which the measurement is made, and the time of day and level of
activity of the person. There is no single number that represents a
normal or healthy temperature for all people under all circumstances
using any place of measurement.
Different parts of the body have different temperatures. Rectal and
vaginal measurements, or measurements taken directly inside the
body cavity, are typically slightly higher than oral measurements, and
oral measurements are somewhat higher than skin temperature. The
commonly accepted average core body temperature (taken internally)
is 37.0 °C (98.6 °F). The typical oral (under the tongue) measurement
is 36.8±0.7 °C, or 98.2±1.3 °F.
The time of day and other circumstances also affects the body's
temperature. The core body temperature of an individual tends to
have the lowest value in the second half of the sleep cycle; the lowest
point, called the nadir, is one of the primary markers for circadian
rhythms. The body temperature also changes when a person is
hungry, sleepy, or cold. So it is must to keep monitoring the body
temperature of a patient.
What is Zigbee:
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URL:www.maastechindia.com Mobile:98402 34766, 98841 01622

3. The name "ZigBee" is derived from the erratic zigging patterns many
bees make between flowers when collecting pollen. This is evocative of
the invisible webs of connections existing in a fully wireless
environment.. ZigBee is the name of a specification for a suite of high
level communication protocols using small, low-power digital radios
based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard for wireless personal area
networks (WPANs), such as wireless headphones connecting with cell
phones via short-range radio. The technology is intended to be simpler
and cheaper than other WPANs, such as Bluetooth. ZigBee is targeted
at radio-frequency (RF) applications which require a low data rate,
long battery life, and secure networking.
Idea
Using this Zigbee Technology we designed a system which
regularly monitors a Person’s Heart beat rate and body temperature
and reports to a system connected on a network through wireless
media.
Working of the project:
Any old person, or a heart patient needs for constant monitoring
of their Heartbeat and body temperature. Our project can be kept
even in houses, where we can constantly monitor the above said
parameters. This project can also be used in the ICU or in operation
Theaters to identify the Heart Beat Rate and body temperature of the
patient. The sensor used for this detection can he simply housed on
the patient’s finger. The sensor detects pumping of the heart and
produces a voltage output. This is then transferred to the computer.
In the computer the output is plotted with respect to the real time to
the heart beat rate. The Heartbeat Rate per minute is also given on
89, Rangarajapuram main road, Kodambakkam, Chennai-24.
URL:www.maastechindia.com Mobile:98402 34766, 98841 01622

4. the computer. For sensing body temperature we have used thermistor
as a transducer. These information can be stored on the computer
and can be used to analyze a status of the patient.
Information in Doctors Mobile:
The heart beat rate and temperature is sent to a doctor’s mobile
phone in abnormal cases
Remote
Mobile
Phone: Mobile
Phone cpu
Abnrmal Nokia
Heartbeat 3310
65BPM
RS 232
Patient 1
Power Voltage
Supply PIC Divider
Microcontroller
PIC16F877
Heart Beat
Sensor
Voltage Thermistor
Follower
89, Rangarajapuram main road, Kodambakkam, Chennai-24.
URL:www.maastechindia.com Mobile:98402 34766, 98841 01622

5. H
89, Rangarajapuram main road, Kodambakkam, Chennai-24.
URL:www.maastechindia.com Mobile:98402 34766, 98841 01622

6. H
89, Rangarajapuram main road, Kodambakkam, Chennai-24.
URL:www.maastechindia.com Mobile:98402 34766, 98841 01622

7. H
89, Rangarajapuram main road, Kodambakkam, Chennai-24.
URL:www.maastechindia.com Mobile:98402 34766, 98841 01622

8. H
89, Rangarajapuram main road, Kodambakkam, Chennai-24.
URL:www.maastechindia.com Mobile:98402 34766, 98841 01622