2. What is Nanotechnology?
The creation of useful, functional materials,
devices, and systems through:
1. Controlling and manipulating matter on the
nanometer-length scale (1-100 nm), and
2. Exploiting novel phenomena and properties
(physical, chemical, biological, mechanical,
electrical) at the nanoscale.
“Going Small for Big Advances”
“Going Small for Big Advances”
3. Potential market for nanotechnology ?
$1 trillion business within the next 10 to 15 years.
4. Nanotechnology in Medicine
• Biological imaging for medical diagnostics.
• Advanced drug delivery systems.
• Biosensors for airborne chemicals or other
toxins.
• Regenerative medicine:
More durable, rejection-resistant
artificial tissues and organs.
NANOMEDICINE
NANOMEDICINE
33. In Vitro Ischemia/Reperfusion Model
A Novel Design of Double-
Layer Parallel-Plate Flow
Chamber & Its Biomedical
Application
34. In Vitro Flow Chamber Systems
Cone-Plate Orbital Shaker
Artificial Capillary Parallel-Plate
35. Parallel-plate flow chambers (PPFC) have been
most commonly used for its simplicity of concept
x
y
l
h
w z
Flow enters the parallel plates at the origin and exits
where x equals the length of the chamber, l
37. To eliminate these problems, we designed and
developed a new double-layer PPFC
• Accepts up to four glass slides facing each
other so that the flow within the channel is
exclusively formed by endothelial cells.
• Provides a total of 96 cm2 cell
monolayer per chamber.
• Placing glass slides in
series shortens the
duration of procedure.
• The multilayer design only
requires 2D cutting, which is
easier and faster to manufacture
and modify.
39. The new double-layer PPFC consists of separate
layers of different materials and thicknesses
Acrylic sheets of 0.08 inch thickness
Acrylic sheets of 0.5 inch thickness
Each acrylic layer was cut
by Laser Computer Aided
Modeling and Manufacture
(LaserCAMM) machine.
The system is a
computerized laser cutter
that uses a laser beam to
cut sheet materials into
intricate patterns with a
high degree of accuracy.
40. The new double-layer PPFC consists of separate
layers of different materials and thicknesses
Silicone gaskets of 0.03 inch thickness
Silicone gasket of 0.01 inch thickness
Silicone gaskets of 0.03
inch thickness serve as a
firm grip for glass slides.
The silicone gasket in the
middle constitutes the
channel height, h, and the
width, w.
41. The new double-layer PPFC consists of separate
layers of different materials and thicknesses
Glass slides to fill up space
Glass slides which will have
cells seeded
Up to four glass slides can
be entered in a chamber.
Glass slides or
endothelial monolayers
are placed between the
gasket in the middle.
Placing endothelial
monolayers on both sides
of channel minimizes
pressure loss while having
a larger effective area.
42. The new double-layer PPFC consists of separate
layers of different materials and thicknesses
Media enters through
the inlets.
Fills up a small reservoir
formed in the gasket.
Spreads evenly across
width through a thin slit.
Flows across the
endothelial monolayer.
Escapes the chamber
through the thin slit, the
small reservoir, and the
outlets.
43. The new double-layer PPFC consists of separate
layers of different materials and thicknesses
To set up the chamber bubble-free,
the layers are installed in the order
from the bottom to the top layers
where the flow channel, reservoirs
are filled up with media by means of
syringe as each layer is piled up.
44. A flow loop system provides a constant
hydrostatic pressure to the PPFC
Upper
Reservoir
Flow
Flow
Meter
Peristaltic
Pump
Lower
PPFC Reservoir
45. • The streamlines near the lateral walls were not disturbed
ensuring that the lateral wall effects are negligible.
• The chamber clearly applies a uniform magnitude of shear
stress throughout the entire surface where endothelial cell
monolayer will be placed.
