Slide in a seminar about backend optimization with PHP. Talks about php, caching, scalability, amazon web service

1. Heavy Web Optimization
BACK-END
<?php //from a PHP dev ?>
Vo Duy Tuan PHP Developer from Reader.vn, Picto.vn & more…

2. $who_am_I?
 My Name is Võ Duy Tuấn
 PHP 5 Zend Certified Engineer
 Interests: PHP, Social Network, Optimize Web
 Works:
 Thegioididong
 Reader.vn, Picto.vn CEO/Founder
 Trainer
 Freelancer
 Consultant

3. $table_of_content
 Warm up: Some best practices
 Back-end Optimization
 De-normalization
 Asynchronous processing
 Caching
 Scalability

4. 1 Warm up: Some best practices

5. 1.1. Smarty Trick
a. Prevent recompile .tpl file:
$smarty = new Smarty();
$smarty->compile_check = false;
b. Compile all .tpl files:
set_time_limit(1000); //do not interrupt
$smarty->compileAllTemplates('.tpl',true);

6. 1.2. Pagination
 From
 To

7. 1.2. Pagination – Why?
 How do we make pagination feature?
mysql_query(‘SELECT COUNT(*) FROM tbl WHERE col LIKE “%word%”’)
> Get total record > Get toal page > Build page number list with a simple loop
mysql_query(‘SELECT * FROM tbl WHERE col LIKE “%word%” LIMIT 0,20’)
> Get data of current page (page 1, with 20 rows/page)
Do you have the answer  ?

8. 1.3. Get enough data from remote server
 Send HEAD to detect 404 error from remote
URL
 Read first bytes of remote file to detect image
type,width/height

9. 2 Back-end Optimization

10. 2.1. Where is Back-end?
“80% of the end-user response time is spent on the front-
end. Most of this time is tied up in downloading all the
components in the page: images, stylesheets, scripts, Flash,
etc. Reducing the number of components in turn reduces the
number of HTTP requests required to render the page. This
is the key to faster pages.”

11. 2.2. Back-end Optimize Theory
 Reduce disk In/Out
 Reduce complex/fuzzy
 Reduce budget

12. 2.3. Debugging & Profiling
 Nusphere Phped Debugger
 Xdebug
 top command
 Apache bench

13. 2.3.1. Nusphere Phped Debugger
 Installation:
 Step 1: Install php extension
 Step 2: Install DBGbar addon for Firefox or DBG
debugger on Chrome
 Step 3: Update PHP.INI config
 Restart your web server (if needed)

14. 2.3.1. Nusphere Phped Debugger

15. 2.3.2. Xdebug
 Installation:
 Step 1: Install php extension
 Step 2: Update PHP.INI config
 Restart your server (if needed)

16. 2.3.2. Xdebug
PHP.INI
[xdebug]
zend_extension_ts = C:..php_xdebug-2.1.0-5.2-vc6.dll
xdebug.profiler_output_dir = "C:xdebug"
xdebug.profiler_output_name = "callgrind.%R.%t"
xdebug.profiler_enable = 0
xdebug.profiler_append=0
xdebug.profiler_enable_trigger = 1
xdebug.extended_info=1
Usage:
http://example.com/index.php?XDEBUG_PROFILE

17. 2.3.2. Xdebug

18. 2.3.3. linux command top

19. 2.3.4. Apache Bench

20. Somewhere in the dark…

21. 3 De-normalization

22. 3.1. What is De-normalization?
 Most of use live with Relational DB.
 What is normalization?
 Database normalization is the process of organizing
the fields and tables of a relational database to
minimize redundancy and dependency .(Wiki)
 What is De-normalization?
 Denormalization is the process of attempting to
optimise the read performance of a database by
adding redundant data or by grouping data. (Wiki)

23. 3.2. How to de-normalize?
 Vertical Split.
 Pre-calculated value.
 Duplicate data.

24. 3.2.1. Vertical Split

25. 3.2.1. Vertical Split (cont.)

26. 3.2.2. Pre-calculated value

27. 3.2.3. Duplicate data

28. 3.3. Data correctness
 Normalization = Correctness
 Denormalization = Performance

29. 4 Asynchronous processing

30. 4.1. Job queue

31. 4.2. Job queue :: Gearman
 http://gearman.org/

32. But….
Apache can be a job queue,

33. 4.3. Async Request
function backgroundHttpPost($url, $prm = ''){
$p=parse_url($url);
$fp = fsockopen($p['host'], isset($p['port'])?$p['port']:80, $en, $es, 30);
if (!$fp)
return false;
else {
$out = "POST ".$p['path']."?".$p['query']." HTTP/1.1rn";
$out.= "Host: ".$p['host']."rn";
$out.= "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencodedrn";
$out.= "Content-Length: ".strlen($prm)."rn";
$out.= "Connection: Closernrn";
if ($prm != '') $out.= $prm;
fwrite($fp, $out); fclose($fp);
return true;
}
}
Usage:
$taskUrl = 'http://picto.vn/task/deletephoto';
backgroundHttpPost($taskUrl, 'photoid=' . $myPhoto->id);

35. 5 Caching

36. 5.1. What is caching?

37. 5.2. What is APC?
 Alternative PHP Cache – APC
 Free PHP Extension
 PHP Opcode cache
 Support User data cache
 Run on SAME machine with PHP
 NOT support multi servers

39. 5.3. APC Monitor

42. 5.4. APC Using

44. 5.5. APC Tip
 Opcode your web code only
 Disable APC for PhpMyAdmin
<Directory "/mysite/public_html/">
...
php_admin_flag apc.cache_by_default On
</Directory
<Directory "/mysite/public_html/phpmyadmin/">
...
php_admin_flag apc.cache_by_default Off
</Directory>

45. 2.6. APC Tip..
 Cache STRING is better than ARRAY
 Long Time To Live better than Short
 Case study:
 Caching for Feed System:

46. BEFORE

47. BEFORE

48. ANALYSE

49. AFTER

50. Short TTL make fragmentation

51. Short TTL make fragmentation

52. 6 Cloud computing - AWS
 Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud – Amazon EC2 + EBS
 Amazon Simple Storage Service – Amazon S3
 Amazon Simple Email Service – Amazon SES

53. 6.1. Amazon EC2
5

54. 6.1. Amazon EC2 (cont.)
5

55. 6.2. Amazon S3
5

56. 6.2. Amazon S3 (cont.)
5

57. 6.2. Amazon S3 (cont.)
5

58. 6.3. Amazon SES
 1,000,000 emails = $100
5
 Support SMTP

59. 6.3. Amazon SES (cont.)
5

60. 6.4. Adapt to AWS for scalability
 Local server (Web & RDBMS) + S3
5
 EC2 (Web) + EBS (RDB) + S3
 EC2 (Web) + EBS (local storage) + Amazon
RDS (RDB) + S3
 EC2 (Web) + EBS (local storage) + EC2
(noSQL) + S3
 …Can use with more Amazon Services

61. Thank you!
It’s time to query …
CONTACT
Fullname: Vo Duy Tuan
Email: tuanmaster2002@yahoo.com
Phone: 0938 916 902
Website: http://bloghoctap.com