If you construct a house/building it will useful to that family, But when you construct Irrigation Projects like Srisailam Dam, Dowleswaram Barrage etc., will help to nation-building and I'm proud to be present this ppt Arial view link Dowleswaram : https://youtu.be/ucxrME4FIiY Animation Video Of Polavarm Link : https://youtu.be/RuzejiIKUZA

1. A CASE STUDY ON POLAVARM
DOWLESWARAM&PRAKASAM
PROJECTS
By
V.LOKESWAR REDDY
CBIT,Pdtr

2. Context:
 Introduction
 What is a k-g delta
 CASE STUDY ON DOWLESWARAM BARRAGE
 CASE STUDY ON PRAKASAM BARRAGE
 CASE STUDY ON POLAVARAM PROJECT
 ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FACED
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

3. Introduction:
 India Consists of 29 states and 7 U.T among those Andhra Pradesh is
considered as the “Rice Bowl” of India. The reason behind this is due to
having two tremendous rivers (Krishna & Godavari), But these two rivers flows
very ferociously in past 150years ago. To stop these ferocious flow at the time
of floods “ Dowleswaram” and “Prakasham” Barrages were constructed on
Krishna as well as on Godavari River. Still the polawaram Dam is in
construction stage from past 40years.
 In this paper or PPT I am going to give an over view about
these 3 tremendous projects.

4. Krishna-Godavari Delta:
 Delta : In Geography we define delta like this “ When a river reaches a lake or
sea the water slows down and loses the power to carry sediment. The
sediment is dropped at the mouth of the river. Some rivers drop so much
sediment that waves and tides can’t carry it all away. It builds up in layers
forming Delta”
 Dam: Dam is an artificial structure which is constructed across the river. The
purpose of the dam is to, Store the water, Flood control,For Generation of
Hydro Electric Power.
 Barrage: It is the Low obstructed Barrier (or) the Structure which is
constructed across the river with Gates throughout the length of the
structure. Generally, Barrages are constructed near the Mouth of the of river
or at Flat area.

5. Continue…..
 In our sate (A.P) Krishna and Godavari Delta’s
are foremost important. The Krishna-
Godavari twin delta region covering about
12,700 km2is a low-lying plain with most part
of it is within 10 m above the mean sea level
and gently sloping towards the Bay of Bengal.
However, the region is prone to severe
cyclonic activity accompanied by stronger
waves and occasional storm surges which
often reach several kilometres inland in this
extremely low-lying region sloping seaward at
an average gradient of just about 0.011%.
The region is densely populated with 9.26
million people

6. A CASE STUDY ON DOWLESWARAM
BARRAGE:

7. Continue……
 The Dowleswaram Barrage was an irrigation structure originally built in between 1847-1852 on the lower
stretch of the Godavari River before it empties into the Bay of Bengal. It was rebuilt in 1970 when it was
officially renamed the Sir Arthur Cotton Barrage / Godavari Barrage. The Godavari River empties its
water into the Bay of Bengal after flowing nearly fifty miles from the Dowleswaram Barrage.
Rajamahendravaram is a city situated on the left bank of Godavari River. Upstream, where the river is
divided into two streams; the Gautami to the left and the Vasistha to the right, forms the joining line
between the West Godavari and the East Godavari districts. The dam alignment crosses two mid stream
islands. The original Dowleswaram Barrage (also spelled Dowlaisweram or Dowlaiswaram) was built by a
British irrigation engineer, Sir Arthur Thomas Cotton and completed in 1850.[2] The barrage was
constructed in four sections, which allowed flood passage during the construction period. The
Dowleswaram Barrage was 15 feet high and 3.5 km long.
 Cotton's many projects averted famines and stimulated the economy of southern India. Before this
barrage was constructed many hectares of land has been flooded with water and was unused. The water
would be worthlessly going into sea. But when Sir Arthur Thomas Cotton had built the barrage those
unused lands were brought into cultivation and the water was stored and used.
 In 1970, the barrage was heightened to 10.6 m. The reservoir has 3.12 Tmcft gross storage capacity and
dead storage of 2.02 Tmcft at 40 feet (12 m) MSL.
Cotton sir also constructed K.C Canal in A.P, Formulated Prkasam Barrage in vijayawada and Gandikota
Dam in Kadapa (Dt)

8. Salient features of Dowleswaram Barrage:
 Location: : Between Dowlaiswaram
(V),Rajahmundry Rural(M),East Godavari District
and Vijjeswaram (V),Nidadavolu (M),West
Godavari District.
 Latitude: 81° 45' 00'' East
 Longitude: 16° 55' 00'' North
 Ayacut: 10,09,009 Acres ( East and West Godavari
District )
 I.P Contemplated: 10,09,009 Acres(Stabilization)
 I.P Created: 8,96,533 Acres(Stabilization)
 I.P Utilized (2014-15): 8,96,533
Acres(Stabilization)
 Gross Storage: 3.12 TMCft
 FRL: +13.64 M
 Cropping Pattern: Paddy, Sugarcane, Banana,
Chillies and Turmeric. ( Khariff and Rabi )
Population Benefited : 36 Mandals in East
Godavari District and 29 Mandals in West Godavari
District
 The Barrage consists of 4 Arms with 175 Bays
with a length of 3.599 Km .
 1) Dowlaiswaram Arm with 70 Bays
 2) Ralli Arm with 43 Bays.
 3) Madduru Arm with 23 Bays
 4) Vijjeswaram Arm with 39 Bays.
 Total 175 bays or Gates
 At time of construction of Dowleswaram
Barrage Cotton Sir also constructed So many
Aqueducts like P.Ganavaram Aqueduct to
transfer the water from Dowleswaram to
P.Ganavaram.

9. Continue……
Fig shows P.Ganvaram
Aqueduct
Fig shows Dowleswaram
Barrage

10. Arial view of Dowleswaram Barrage:

11. A CASE STUDY ON PRAKASAM BARRAGE:

12. Continue……
 In 1830’s Krishna Delta region was faced a drought in the name of “Dookala Karuvu” at the
same time heavy floods also affected the delta people. The people from Krishna Delta went to
the Sir Arthur Cotton in 1845 and Cotton sir visited Krishna delta in 1854, But due to illness of
his health he didn’t done with his work and the British Government appointed “Captain Ore”
as an Engineer to built the Barrage their with the estimated cost of 7lakhs on those days and
Barrage construction was finished in 1857 with 45 gates , 6feet height.
 This barrage was with stanned up to 1953 almost 97y,
Barrage was washed out away due heavy Krishna flood. Later on in 1954 march 1 A.P Ex Chief
Minister Dr.Nilam Sanjeeva Reddy Sir was laied a foundation to rebuilt the barrage with the
inspiration of Sri “Prakasam Pantulu” and completed the barrage construction in 1957 with
approximately 10-20 crores of Budget, with length of 1.2km, height of 12feet, with 70 gates,
14 Scouring Sluice, Regulator pillars.
 Capacity of Prakasam Barrage is 3.071 TMC
 Gross Flood Capacity is 11 lakhs Cusec
 Irrigation Potential: 13 lakh acer
 13 Canals were constructed to supply water through out the Krishna Delta.

13. Salient features of Prakasam Barrage:
Year of completion : Barrage 1954-57
Length of Barrage/Weir/Anicut : 1233 M
Design flood discharge : 11.90 Lakh Cusecs
Catchment area : 97055 Sq miles
Total annual yield in the catchment : 13.08 Lakh acres
Pond level (m) : (+) 12.21 M
Number under sluice /bays : 14 Nos
Number of Barrage/Weir/Bays : 70 Nos
Width of Under sluices/bays : 5.18 X 3.66 M
Width of Barrage/Weir/Bays : 70 Nos 12.19 x 3.66 M
Type and Number of gates : Vertical Type & 70 Nos
Size of gates : 12.19 x 3.66 M
Impound : Krishna water
 After Prakasam Barrage this Krishna water joins in Bay of Bengal

14. Case Study on Polavaram Project:

15. Continue……
 Polavaram is the Boon for A.P state as well as for India
 Polavaram Project is a multi-purpose irrigation project which has been accorded National Project
status by the Union Government .This dam is under construction located in West Godavari district
&East Godavari district in Andhra Pradesh state and its reservoir spread in states of Odisha &
Chattisgarh . 1. In 1980, then Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh T.Anjaiah laid the foundation stone
for the project. However the project stayed idle until 2004 when the Y.S Rajasekhar Reddy -led
government came to Power. 2. In 2004, the Government of Andhra Pradesh sanctioned 1320 crore for
the project. Soon after, tenders were issued for the commensurate worth of the project. For the left
canal, another 1353 crore were sanctioned by the state government.
 MAIN COMPONENTS OF THE PROJECT HEAD WORKS:
 Spill Way with Radial Gates
 ECRF dam
 Hydro Electric Power House
 Connectivity Works
 MAIN CANALS:
 Right Main Canal
 Left Main Canal
 Distributory Systems

16. Spillway: Spillway is the Hydraulic Structure
Constructed to discharge flood water
 Type of spillway : Ogee Profile
Gross Capacity : 194.6TMC
 Height : 48.38 M
 Dead Storage : 75.2 TMC
 Capacity : 50,00,000 cusec
 FRL : 45.72 M
 N.O of Gates : 48
 Crest Level : 25.72 M
 Spill Channel
 Bed level : 8.8 M
 Impound : Godavari River
 Length of spillway : 1.28 Km

17. Earth Cum RockFill Dam (ECRD)
 The dam construction involves
building of a 1.5 m thick concrete
Diaphragm wall upto depths from 40
to 120 m below the river bed under
the earth dam .The purpose of
diaphragm wall is to secure the river
bed stability for withstanding the
water pressure across the dam.
Length of ECRF dam is 2310 m. Two
Cofferdams were planned. The
Upstream Cofferdam and
Downstream Cofferdam are
constructed to prevent the entrance
of water during construction of ECRF
&divert water towards Spill way.

18. Continue……
 ECRF dam is the most crucial component of
the entire project constructed across the
river Godavari and plays a major role in
holding river water. The ECRF dam will be
built between the two Cofferdams. It can
withstand up to 50 lakh Cusecs water flow,
whereas peak flow of Godavari River
recorded till now is 30 Lakh Cusecs. ECRF is
being built by Mega Engineering Company.
 ECRF dam dimensions:
 Length : 1750 m
 Height : 41m
 Width : 300 m at the bottom and 30 m in
the top
 Figures shows site for excavation of
Diaphram wall at Polavaram dam site

19. Canal:
 CANAL HEAD REGULATOR: A canal
head regulator is required to serve
the following function: (i)To
regulate the discharge into the off
taking canal, functions: (ii)To
control the entry of sediment into
the canal
 Fig shows regulator

20. Continue…..
 RIGHT MAIN CANAL:
 The RMC is 173 km long,
discharges 17,500 cusec.
 It is designed to supply 80
TMC of water from Polavaram
to Budameru in Vijayawada,
connecting Godavari and Krishna
Rivers.
 The objective of RMC is to
irritate an area of 3.19 Lakh acres
in the upland area of West
Godavari and Krishna districts.
 LEFT MAIN CANAL:
 The LMC is 182 Km long,
discharges 17,500 cusec of water.
 It is designed to provide
water to 12 Lakh acres in North
coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh
besides meeting the drinking water
needs of urban and rural areas .It
will connect with Yeleru LMC to
supply water for industrial
(Vizag steel plant ) and drinking
water purposes .

21. Tunnel:
 Tunnel : A Tunnel is an underground
passage way, dug through the surrounding
soil/Earth/rock and enclosed except for
entrance and exit, commonly at each end.
A pipe line is not a tunnel, though some
recent tunnels have used immersed tube
construction techniques rather than
traditional tunnel boring methods.
 Discharge through each tunnel : 10,000
cusec Length of each tunnel : -750m
 Height of each tunnel : -15m
 As there is natural arrangement of
three hills side by side. As an Engineer of
the society to reduce the cost, time
period and make it economical tunnels
are preferred.

22. Animation Video on Polavaram Project:

23. Issues Faced:
 The POLAVARAM project would displace 293villages (AP -276, Odisha -10,
Chattisgarh -7).
 ThIS project not only will displace several thousands of families,it will also
submerge several Archeological sites, coal deposits, a Wild life sanctuary and
several hectares of Farm land and Forests.
 Loss of Livelihood and Biodiversity.

24. Concluding Video:

25. Conclusion:
 Although There are so many Dams,
Barrages in A.P, But the Polavaram,
Dowleswaram,Prakasam helps the A.P and
doing continuously even Polavaram still in
Progress.
 WATER=LIFE
CONSERVATION=FUTURE
 The Great Sir Arthur Cotton in the image.

26. THANK YOU
References
 From I & CAD Department
 From Google images
From JNTUK Industrial Visit Document on Polavaram Project