Running Electric Train Simulation in OpenGL

Term Project Report (Computer Graphics)
On
THE RUNNING ELECTRIC TRAIN
Department of Computer Science & Engineering,
National Institute of Technology, Silchar
Under the guidance of Submitted by
Mr. BADAL SONI MANISH KUMAR (13-1-5-054)
ARJUN DAS (13-1-5-093)
AMIT KUMAR (13-1-5-065)

Department of Computer Science & Engineering,
National Institute of Technology, Silchar (Assam)
Silchar Assam-788010
______________________________________________________________
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled, “THE RUNNING ELECTRIC TRAIN”
pertaining to the project undertaken by the following students of Computer Science and
Engineering in partial fulfillment for the award of the Bachelor of Technology in Computer
Science and Engineering of National Institute of Technology, Silchar as a 2nd year project in
Computer Graphics
Manish Kumar (13-1-5-054) ……………………………………
Arjun Das (13-1-5-093) ….……..………………………….
Amit Kumar (13-1-5-065) ……………………………………
Mr. Badal Soni
Project Guide
Department of CSE
NIT SILCHAR
Date:
Place:

Place:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We avail this opportunity to express our indebtedness to guide Mr. Badal Soni, Department
of Computer Science & Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, for his
unconditional guidance. He always bestowed parental care upon us and evinced keen
interest in solving our problems. An erudite teacher, a magnificent person and a strict
disciplinarian, we consider ourselves fortunate to have worked under his supervision.
We are highly grateful to our Lab Co-ordinators Department of Computer Science &
Engineering and NIT SILCHAR for providing necessary facilities during the course of the
work. We admit thanks to him for giving us such an opportunity to carry on such mind
stimulating and innovative project.
Manish Kumar
Arjun Das
Amit Kumar
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
National Institute of Technology, Silchar

Table of Contents
1. Introduction……………………………………………………..
2. History of Electric train………………………………………...
3. Design and Implementation………………………………………
4. Source Codeof the application…………………………………..
5. Simulation Result…………………………………………………
6. Conclusion…………………………………………………………
7. Reference and Bibliography……………………………………………

Introduction
An electric locomotive is a locomotive powered by electricity from
overhead lines, a third rail or on-board energy storage such as a battery
or fuel cell. Electric locomotives with on-board fuelled prime movers,
such as diesel engines or gas turbines, are classed as diesel-electric
or gas turbine-electric locomotives because the electric generator/motor
combination serves only as a power transmission system. Electricity is
used to eliminate smoke and take advantage of the high efficiency of
electric motors, but the cost of electrification means that usually only
heavily used lines can be electrified.
This project is all about modelling with many more features of openGL.
The starting point is a small virtual space that consists of a grassy plain
with a simple parallel railway track running on it. It also consists of a
plain of clear sky. It also contains engine & bogies with electric wires
for power supply. Lastly, it contains wheels rotating & translating in
forward direction.

HISTORY of Electric Train
The first known electric locomotive was built in 1837 by chemist Robert
Davidson of Aberdeen. It was powered by galvanic cells (batteries). Davidson later
built a larger locomotive named Galvani, exhibited at the Royal Scottish Society of
Arts Exhibition in 1841. The seven-ton vehicle had two direct drive reluctance
motors, with fixed electromagnets acting on iron bars attached to a wooden
cylinder on each axle, and simple commutators. It hauled a load of six tons at four
miles per hour for a distance of one and a half miles. It was tested on the
Edinburgh and Glasgow railway in September of the following year, but the
limited power from batteries prevented its general use. It was destroyed by railway
workers, who saw it as a threat to their security of employment. The first electric
passenger train was presented by Werner von Siemens at Berlin in 1879. The
locomotive was driven by a 2.2 kW, series-wound motor, and the train, consisting
of the locomotive and three cars, reached a speed of 13 km/h. During four months,
the train carried 90,000 passengers on a 300-metre-long circular track. The
electricity (150 V DC) was supplied through a third insulated rail between the
tracks. A contact roller was used to collect the electricity. The world's first electric
tram line opened in Lichterfelde near Berlin, Germany, in 1881. It was built by
Werner von Siemens. Volk's electric railway opened in 1883 in Brighton . Also in
1883, Modling and Hinterbruhi Tram opened near Vienna in Austria. It was the
first in the world in regular service powered from an overhead line. Five years
later, in the U.S. electric trolleys were pioneered in 1888 on the Richmond Union
Passenger Railway, using equipment designed by Frank J.Sprague.

Design and Implementation
Creating a Train in Computer graphics is not that much hard but logical.
In this project we are going to implement an OpenGL Projects on the
running electric train.
The best method for building the objects is by placing the drawing code
for each object in a separate function.
Each object is defined using a coordinate system that makes modelling
convenient.
Sky, environment , track , electric wires , train (bogie , engine doors ,
windows , electrical stimulator) are made by using mode
GL_POLYGON .
Pantograph and Joints are done by GL_LINE_LOOP & GL_LINE
mode.
After we finish the drawing our next aim would be to give motion to the
train. As we are going to draw a simple train so our track will be a
straight not in zigzag manner.
It is made of many boxes or rectangles while wheel is circular. The two
parallel line have the electricity flow for the train running, we have
electric engine here.

Source code
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<GL/glut.h>
int m;
int p,q,r;
GLint x=50,y=50,xx=0,theta=0;
int i,j;
int s=0;
void test();
void *currentfont;
void draw_pixel(GLint cx,GLint cy)
{
glColor3f(0.45,0.45,0.45);
glBegin(GL_POINTS);
glVertex2i(cx,cy);
glEnd();
}
void plotpixels(GLint h,GLint k,GLint x,GLint y)
{
draw_pixel(x+h,y+k);
draw_pixel(-x+h,y+k);
draw_pixel(x+h,-y+k);
draw_pixel(-x+h,-y+k);
draw_pixel(y+h,x+k);
draw_pixel(-y+h,x+k);
draw_pixel(y+h,-x+k);
draw_pixel(-y+h,-x+k);
}
void circle_draw(GLint h,GLint k,GLint r)
{
GLint d=1-r,x=0,y=r;
while(y>x)
{
plotpixels(h,k,x,y);
if(d<0)
d+=2*x+3;
else
{
d+=2*(x-y)+5;
--y;
}
++x;
}
plotpixels(h,k,x,y);
}
void cylinder_draw(GLint xc)
{
GLint r=15,yc=50;
circle_draw(xc,yc,r);
circle_draw(xc+115,yc,r);
}
void train(int x)

{
glBegin(GL_POLYGON); // ENGINE //
glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);
glVertex2f(x,y);
glVertex2f(x+165,y);
glVertex2f(x+165,y+100);
glVertex2f(x,y+50);
glEnd();
glBegin(GL_POLYGON); //COACH 1//
glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);
glEnd();
glBegin(GL_POLYGON); //COACH 1 WINDOW //
glColor3f(0,1,1);
glEnd();
glBegin(GL_POLYGON);
glColor3f(0,1,1);
glEnd();
glBegin(GL_POLYGON); //ENGINE WINDOW //
glColor3f(0,1,1);
glEnd();
glLineWidth(16);
glBegin(GL_LINES); //FIRST JOINT
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
glEnd();
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glEnd();
glBegin(GL_POLYGON); //COACH 2
glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);
glEnd();
glBegin(GL_LINES); //SECOND JOINT
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
glEnd();
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glEnd();

glBegin(GL_POLYGON); //COACH2 WINDOW
glColor3f(0,1,1);
glEnd();
glColor3f(0,1,1);
glEnd();
glBegin(GL_POLYGON); //DOOR 1//
glColor3f(1,1,1);
glEnd();
glBegin(GL_POLYGON); //DOOR 2//
glColor3f(1,1,1);
glEnd();
glLineWidth(3.5);
glBegin(GL_LINES);//FRONT
glColor3f(0,0,0);
glVertex2f(x,y+20);
glVertex2f(x-10,y+20);
glEnd();
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0,0,0);
glVertex2f(x,y+35);
glEnd();
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0,0,0);
glEnd();
glBegin(GL_POLYGON); // ELECTRIC STORER
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
glEnd();
glFlush();
glLineWidth(3.0);
glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);
glColor3f(0,0,0);
glEnd();

//wheels spokes
glLineWidth(3.0); //engine 1st wheel spokes//
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(x+25,y,0);
glRotatef(theta,0,0,1);
glTranslatef(-x-25,-y,0);
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
glVertex2f(x+25,y-15);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
glLineWidth(3.0);
glPushMatrix();
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
glVertex2f(x+40,y);
glVertex2f(x+10,y);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
glLineWidth(3.0);
glPushMatrix();
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
glLineWidth(3.0);//engine 2nd wheel spokes
glPushMatrix();
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
glLineWidth(3.0);
glPushMatrix();
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
glVertex2f(x+97,y);
glVertex2f(x+67,y);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
glLineWidth(3.0);
glPushMatrix();
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);

glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
glLineWidth(3.0); //engine 3rd wheel spokes
glPushMatrix();
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
glLineWidth(3.0);
glPushMatrix();
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
glLineWidth(3.0);
glPushMatrix();
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
glLineWidth(3.0); //coach1 1st wheel spokes
glPushMatrix();
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
glLineWidth(3.0);
glPushMatrix();
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
glLineWidth(3.0);
glPushMatrix();
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);

glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
glLineWidth(3.0);//coach1 2nd wheel spokes
glPushMatrix();
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
glLineWidth(3.0);
glPushMatrix();
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
glLineWidth(3.0);
glPushMatrix();
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
glLineWidth(3.0); //coach2 1st wheel spokes
glPushMatrix();
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
glLineWidth(3.0);
glPushMatrix();
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
glLineWidth(3.0);
glPushMatrix();

glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
glLineWidth(3.0);//coach 2nd 2nd wheel spokes
glPushMatrix();
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
glLineWidth(3.0);
glPushMatrix();
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
glLineWidth(3.0);
glPushMatrix();
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
glFlush();
}
void electricwire()
{
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0,0,0);
glVertex2f(-1000,200);
glVertex2f(5000,200);
glEnd();
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0,0,0);
glEnd();
glFlush();
}
void track()
{
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0,0,0);
glEnd();
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0,0,0);
glEnd();

int i;
glPointSize(8);
glBegin(GL_LINES);
glColor3f(0,0,0);
for(i=-3000;i<=5000;i=i+10)
{
glVertex2f(i,35);
glVertex2f(i,45);
}
glEnd();
}
void sky()
{
glColor3f(0,1,1);
glVertex2f(0,230);
glVertex2f(0,700);
glEnd();
}
void road()
{
glColor3f(0.0,0.9,0.0);
glVertex2f(0,200);
glVertex2f(0,12);
glEnd();
}
void myinit()
{
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glClearColor(1.0,1.0,1.0,1.0);
glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);
glLoadIdentity();
gluOrtho2D(0,499,0,499);
}
void mykey(unsigned char key,int x,int y)
{
int i;
if(key=='M'|| key=='m')
{
for(i=0;i<1000000000;i++);
glutPostRedisplay();
}
}
void setFont(void *font)
{
currentfont=font;
}
// IT IS USED ACCEPT A STRING
void drawstring(float p,float q,float r,char *string)
{
char *c;
glRasterPos3f(p,q,r);
for(c=string;*c!='0';c++)
{ glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0);
glutBitmapCharacter(currentfont,*c);
}
}
void display()
{

glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glPushMatrix();
test();
sky();
road();
track();
electricwire();
//stop();
glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0);
glPointSize(3.0);
glTranslated(-xx,0,0);
train(50);
train(750);
train(1450);
train(2150);
train(2850);
train(3550);
cylinder_draw(75);
cylinder_draw(775);
cylinder_draw(1475);
glPopMatrix();
glutSwapBuffers();
}
void test()
{
glColor3f(1,0,0);
setFont(GLUT_BITMAP_TIMES_ROMAN_24);
drawstring(5800,5300,0,"BIHARSHARIF STATION");
glFlush();
}
void idle()
{
xx+=2;
theta+=2;
glutPostRedisplay();
}
int main(int argc,char** argv)
{
glutInit(&argc,argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE|GLUT_RGB);
glutInitWindowSize(700,700);
glutInitWindowPosition(0,0);
glutCreateWindow("The Running Train");
glutDisplayFunc(display);
glutKeyboardFunc(mykey);
glutIdleFunc(idle);
myinit();
glutMainLoop();
return 0;
}

conclusion
In this project,we constructed a running train system that can simulate fully
in an outdoorenvironment. Using polygon mode,we have made a virtual
environment for the train. The same mode is used for making the
quadrilateral parts of the train & wheel is made up of circles.We have given
a key 'm' to stop the train while running.
There will be back to back six train running on the track. After sixth train the
train will reach to its destination & thus leaving back the virtual environment
infront of us. If we are willing to run more trains on the track, we have to
callback the train code in display function.

References and Bibliography
[1] OpenGL Web site, http://www.opengl.org.
[2] Macintosh OpenGL Programming
Guide, http://developer.apple.com/graphicsimaging/opengl/.
[3] http://rajeevkumarsinghblog.blogspot.in/
[4] OpenGL®
Distilled Web site,
http://www.opengldistilled.com.
[5] Akeley, Kurt. "Reality Engine Graphics." Proceedings of the
20th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and
Interactive Techniques. New York, NY, September 1993.
[6] Open GL ARB, Dave Shreiner , Mason Woo, Jackie Neider ,
and Tom Davis .OpenGL®
Programming Guide Fifth
Edition. Boston: Addison-Wesley, 2006

Running Electric Train Simulation in OpenGL

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