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MOVE OUT and BUILT IN
               THE REGENERATION OF THE HISTORICAL INNER CIT UNDER HUGE MOVEMENT OF MAGA PLANNING 2020 IN XI’AN




Li Lu
4118162
Complex City
2011
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an




        Contents
                                                         Preface: Aim and Motivation

                                                      1. Background and Introduction


                                                      2. City Analysis
                                                         2.1 Strength
                                                         2.2 Weakness
                                                         2.3 Opportunity
                                                         2.4 Threats


                                                      3. Problem Statement


                                                      4. Research Question


                                                      5. Methodology


                                                      6. Framework of Thesis


                                                      7. Phasing / Time Schedule


                                                      8. Final Product




Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                   2#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

     Aim & Motivation



          The Regeneration of Inner City                                                       Typical Example
                  Chinese Background                                                           Experience a huge movement




                                                                                                                                       Xi’an
                                                                                                                             34o15’N 108o55’E




                                                                                                                                                                                                   Figure 1.1
                                                                                                                                                                                   Location of Xi’an in glocal
                                                                                                                            Source: http://confluence.slac.stanford.edu/download/attachments/19965/light.jpg

Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 3#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

        Aim & Motivation


                                  BonD to                         Part of
                                  our PaSt                        civiL Life


                                  tHreat of                       Honor anD
                                  cuLturaL                        unDerStanDing
                                  Homogenety                      of Society


                                  art of
                                  arcHitecture                    PLace
                                  & LanDScaPe                     iDentity
                                               (Striptes, 1983)
                                                                                                                                             Figure 1.3
                                                                                          Figure 1.2                 The Rapid expansion of Chinese city
                                                                  The Importance of Historical center




                                                     Strategic
                                                     Location


                                       LocaL                            intergration
                                      market                                    witH

                                      DemanD                               regionaL
                                                                           cLuSterS

                                                     Human
                                                    reSourceS
                                                                                Figure 1.3                           Figure 1.4
                                                                                FOUR MAIN ADVANTAGES OF INNER CITY   The redefine of the historical center
                                                                                (Porter,1995)




Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                                             4#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

       1. Background

           1.1 Location




                                                                                                                                                       Harbin-Changchun
                                                                                                                                                       Metropolitan




                                                                                                                                                                      Shenyang
                                                                                                                                                                      Metropolitan
                                                                                                                           Beijing-Tianjin
                                                                                                                           Metropolitan



                                                                                                                                                             Ji’nan
                                                                                                                                                             Metropolitan



                                                                                                                                             Zhengzhou
                                                                                                                                             Metropolitan

                                                                                                            Xi’an
                                                                                                            Metropolitan                                          Shanghai Delta
                                                                                                                                                                  Metropolitan



                                                                                                                                         Wuhan-Changsha
       Xi’an                                                                                       Chongqing
                                                                                                   Metropolitan
                                                                                                                                         Metropolitan


       - In the middle of China
       -Geological Centre Point                                                                                                                        Xiamen
                                                                                                                                                       Metropolitan
       -”Gate of the western China”
       -One of the eleven metropolitans
                                                                                                                                       HongKong Delta
       -4th Depth of the metropolitan                                                                                                  Metropolitan                                      Figure 1.1
                                                                                                                                                                  The eleven metropolitans in China
       -Only metropolitan in northweste

Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                                                                                      5#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

     1. Background

         1.2 Land Area




                                                                                          Xi’an
                                                                                          - History of 3,200 years since 2200B.C.
                     Shaanxi province                                                     - The capital city of China for 1100 years
                                                                                          - The capital city of Shaanxi province
                                                                                          - Political land area: 10108km2
                                                                                          - Population: 196,180,000

                                                                                                       Lianhu
                                                                                                       District
                                                                                                                          Xincheng                                            Yanliang District
                                                                                                                          District

                                                                                                            Beilin
                                                                                                            District
                                                                                                                                                                Gaoling County

                                                                                                                    Inner Districts

                                                                                                                    Secondary Districts
                                                                                                                                                        Weiyang                    Lintong District

                                                                                                                    Outer Districts
                                                                                                                                                        District
                                                                                                                                                                       Baqiao
                                                                                                                    Counties                                           District


                                                                                                                                                      Yanta District

                                                                                                                  Zhouzhi County                       Chang’an District                          Lantian County

     - 9 urban districts + 4 counties                                                                                                     Hu County


     - Main urban
         3 Original urban district (97km2)
         3 secondary districts (736km2)
     - Urban area (3582km2)
         main urban + 3 outer districts                                                                                                                                                                     Xi’an City



                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Figure 1.3
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   The districts of xi’an



Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   6#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

       2. City Analysis




         The city analysis part start from the SWOT analysis about the
         complicated background of the city, in order to figure out what
         kind of future the city is facing and make the problem statement
                                                                                                                            POTENTIAL                    PROBLEM
                                                                                                                           STRENGTH                     WEEKNESS
         as a conclusion afterwards.




                                                                                                       CURRENT SITUATION
                                                                                                                           - History and Heritage       - Saturation in centre
                                                                                                                           - The historical city form   - Uneven development
                                                                                                                                                        - Crux in Network
                                                                                                                                                        - Spatial Segregation


                                                              HUGE
                                                            MOVEMENT
                                                            Opportunity Threat                                             OPPORTUNITY                  THREAT
                                                                                                                           - The location impact        - The transition of city form




                                                                                                       MEGA PLAN 2020
                                                                                                                           - The movement of train      - The threat from new


                                                                                                   ?
                                               Limit                                                                       station                      district
              HISTORY                          Attraction                    Historical                                    - The new infrastructure
                                                                              Inner                                        - The movement of power
                                                                               City

                                                                 Strength Weakness

                                                             CURRENT
                                                             SITUATION



Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                                                                        7#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

     2.1 Strength

     2.1.1 History and Heritage




                                          International
                                             Airport

                                                           Xianyang City   2
                                                           Qin Dynasty
                                                           221BC-207BC



                                                                                   Chang’an City
                                        Xianyang                                   Han Dynasty
                                                                               3   202BC-23AC
                                                                       3
                                                                                                                                                              LEGEND
                                                                                                                                                                                                             Chang’an City
                                                                   2                 Xi’an
                                                                                                                                                                Historical
                                                                                                                                                                Wei rivier                                   1368AC-1840AC
                                                                AFang Palace
                                                                Qin Dynasty
                                                                                       4                                                                        Historical
                                                                                                                                                                Canal
                                                                                                                                                                                           Chang’an City
                                                                                                                                                                                           907AC-1368AC
                                                                221BC-207BC                        Chang’an City                                                Historical
                                 Fengjing & Haojing                                                                                                             Pool                                            Chang’an City
                                                       1                                           Sui & Dang Dynasty
                                 Zhou Dynasty                                                                                                                   Chang’an City                                   581AC-618AC
                                                                                                   581AC-907AC
                                 1079BC-256BC      1                                                                                                            Han Dynasty
                                                                                                                                                                City Axis in
                LEGEND                                                                                                                                          Han Chang’an
                                                                                                                                                                City Axis in
                  Historical                                                                                                                                    other Dynasty
                  Wei rivier
                  Historical
                  Canal
                  Historical
                  Pool
                  Historical
                  Capital Site




                                                                                                                               Figure 2.1.1                                                                                                  Figure 2.1.2
                                                                                                   The history capital cities in area Xi’an                                                                     The historical cities after Tang Dynasty




            Zhou                                        Han                              DongHan                                     Qianzhao               HouQin                      BeiZhou                                   Tang
           1078B.C.                                    202B.C.                            202A.C.                                     318A.C.               386A.C.                      557A.C.                                 618A.C.
           -771B.C.                                    -24B.C.                            -24A.C.                                     -329A.C.              -417A.C.                     -581A.C.                               -907A.C.

                                    Qin                                      Xin                                   XiJin                         Qianqin                      XiWei                          Sui
                                  221B.C.                                   8A.C.                                 313A.C.                         351A.C.                    535A.C.                       581A.C.
                                  -207B.C.                                 -23A.C.                                -316A.C.                       -385A.C.                    -556A.C.                      -617A.C.

Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            8#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

         2.1 Strength

         2.1.1 History and Heritage




  Feng ,Hao (1)                      Qin Xianyang (2)                  Chang’an City (3)                    Daming Palace (4)              Ming City wall


                        256 B.C.     221 B.C.               202 B.C.                               23A.C.   618A.C.              907A.C.   1368A.C.

  1079 B.C.



                                                                                                                                                                  Figure 2.1.3
                                                                                                                                                            Protected Heritage




                                     AFang Palace (2)                  Chang’an City (3)                    Tang City wall (4)




Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                                                             9#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

     2.1 Strength

     2.1.2 The Historical City Form


     Tang Chang’an City                                                                              Historical Inner CIty Xi’an
     - Form of quadrate in block and network                                                         - Form of quadrate in block and network
     - City Wall                                                                                     - City Wall (Ming Dynasty)
     - 108 Blocks, 4 main streets`                                                                   - 4 main streets
     - impacts other historical cities (Beijing, Nanjing, Kyoto...)                                  - Identity of Inner City




                                                                                      Figure 2.1.4                                                                                         Figure 2.1.5
                                                                                  Chang’an (Tang)                                                                                Inner city area (2009)
                                                 source: http://www.chinabaike.com/article/Upload-
                                                                 Pic/2007-5/2007520184610239.jpg                                           source: http://www.lvyou114.com/MapMax/9/2009530172938.gif

Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                                                                                     10#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

       2.2 Weakness

       2.2.1 Saturation in Centre
       - High Density in inner city
            Beilin                                                                                                                            32,717
         Xincheng                                                                                    20,933
           Lianhu                                                                  17,167
            Yanta
                                                     Lianhu
                                                  7,629
          Weiyang                      2,403         District
           Baqiao                1,762                                   Xincheng                                                                                              Yanliang District
          Yanliang             1,077                                     District
            Gaolin             1,073
           Lintong        750
                                                           Beilin
         Chang’an         650
                                                           District
               Hu        443
           Lantian       263                                                                                                                                     Gaoling County
          Zhouzhi        189
                     0                   4,000   8,000          12,000    16,000            20,000            24,000        28,000   32,000             36,000


                                                          Density of Districts (person/km2)
                                                                                                                                                        Weiyang                     Lintong District
                                                                                                                                                        District
                                                                                                                                                                        Baqiao
                                                                                                                                                                        District


                                                                                                                                                   Yanta District

                                                                  Zhouzhi County                                                                       Chang’an District                           Lantian County
                                                                                                                       Hu County




                                                                                                                                                                                                             Xi’an City                        Figure 2.2.1
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Density comparison


                                                                                                                                                                                                               figure source: Xi’an Statistical Yearbook 2010


Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                11#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

     2.2 Weakness

     2.2.1 Saturation in Centre




                                                                                                                                                                                    Figure 2.2.3
                                                                                                                                                                The growth of population in Xi’an




                                                                                  Figure 2.2.2
                                                                      The growth of city - Xi’an




                                                                                                                                Density historical inner city




                                                                                                   Density (10,000person/km2)
     - No high rise allowed inside city wall, protection of skyline
     - No enough spaces for residents
     - Low living quality                                                                                                                                                         Figure 2.2.4
     - Lack of public spaces                                                                                                                                     The Trend of density in Xi’an
                                                                                                                                               figure source: Xi’an Statistical Yearbook 2010
     - Growth of population in urban area
     - Decreasing of population in inner city
     - The decreasing of density in inner city since 2007
     - Natually movement because of better environment and jobs




Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                                                                                    12#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

       2.2 Weakness

       2.2.2 Uneven Development

                            land price




                                                                                                                             Figure 2.2.5
                                                                                                   The Land Price of the main urban area



Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                            13#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

     2.2 Weakness

     2.2.2 Uneven Development

                        Historical Attraction




                                                                                                                         Figure 2.2.6
                                                                                                   The Historical Attractive Location


Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                        14#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

       2.2 Weakness

       2.2.2 Uneven Development

                         Social Housing




                                                                                                                         Figure 2.2.7
                                                                                                   The distribution of social housing



Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                        15#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

     2.2 Weakness

     2.2.2 Uneven Development

                       Office Building




                                                                                                               Figure 2.2.8
                                                                                                   The distribution of office



Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                16#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

       2.2 Weakness

       2.2.2 Uneven Development




                                                                                                                             Figure 2.2.5                           Figure 2.2.6
                                                                                                   The Land Price of the main urban area      The Historical Attractive Location




 -social housing in the north and south-
 western
 -away from the inner city
 -social housing located on the edge of
 the low land price are.
 -the offices locate concentrates on the
 south and east area
 -the land price are higher in south.
 -the location of social housing seldom
 have comprehensive service supported.
                                                                                                                               Figure 2.2.7                        Figure 2.2.8
                                                                                                         The distribution of social housing            The distribution of office



Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                                                          17#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

     2.2 Weakness

     2.2.2 Uneven Development




                                                                                                                                       LEGEND
                                                                                                                                      Local Government

                                                                                                                                      Residential Area

                                                                                                                                      Historical Residential Area

                                                                                                                                      Commercial Area

                                                                                                                                      Culture & Service

                                                                                                                                      Green Space

                                                                                                                                      Plaza

                                                                                                                                      Industrial Area

                                                                                                                                      Railway land

                                                                                                                                      Central Station



                                                                                            Figure 2.2.9                             Figure 2.2.10
                                                                                    The Main urban area    The Land use of the historical inner city




Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                                                    18#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

       2.2 Weakness

       2.2.3 Crux in Network


       Two Aspects:
       -The private transport
         * Traffic Jam in crux
         * Unconnection between
                                                                               International Airport
       ringroads
         * Unbalance in areas

       -The public transportation
        * Not fit the requirments
        * Inconvenience in neibourhoods
        * Not fit the network development




                                                                                                       legend
                                                                                                        Ring road
                                                                                                        Radiation road
                                                                                                        Minor road
                                                                                                        Railway
                                                                                                        Heritage
                                           Figure 2.2.11
                                The road system of Xi’an


Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                         19#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

     2.2 Weakness

     2.2.3 Crux in Network
     A. Road System
     The road system in Xi’an is following the original tessellated road system thousands years ago. The growth of the ring road was started from the 1990s, before that there was
     only the first boulevard ring road outside along the city wall, then the 2nd and 3rd ring road were built as enclosed ring road.The integration analysis of the system express how
     the network influence the spatial form.For almost 50 years, the inner city is still the main core of the network system till now; it brought a lot of pressure inside the city wall.

     Before 1965                             1965                                 1981                                              1995                                21st century
     - the urban area concentrated in       - more the axis-integrated road       - balance between the east and                    - network developed to all direc-   - the city grew to the south side
     the city wall                          - mainly extended to the east         west                                              tions                               - integrate level of network in-
     - obvious trend of growing.            - integration centre moved to the     - integrated centre back to the                   - high speed expending growth       creased
                                            east                                  historical centre                                 - integration also improved a lot   - more integrate centre in west,
                                                                                  - limit in space of east and west                                                     east and south
                                                                                                                                                                        -along the main cross in middle of
                                                                                                                                                                        inner city




                                                                                                                   Figure 2.2.12                                                                           Figure 2.2.13
                                                                                           The Integration(HH) of main city Xi’an                                                     The Integration(HH) of Xi’an (2008)


                                                                                                                                                                              figure source:Quan Jin,Zheng Xiaowei, 2008
Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            20#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

       2.2 Weakness

       2.2.3 Crux in Network



           110                                                                                             101.29
             99                                                                                 87.50
                                                                                    84.04
             88
             77
                                                                        60.81
             66                                                 54.46
                                                51.67   51.28
             55                         45.50
             44                 37.00
                27.93   31.03
             33
             22
             11
              0
               1999     2000    2001    2002    2003    2004    2005    2006        2007        2008        2009
                                                                                                          Figure 2.2.14
                                                                             Possession of civil vehicles (10,000units)
                                                                        figure source: Xi’an Statistical Yearbook 2010

                                                                                                                                                                                      Figure 2.2.15
                                                                                                                                                         Possession of civil vehicles (10,000units)




         At present, the network of Xi’an shows several problems as follow:
         - The most integrated centre still in the historical city centre
         - The pressure for the historical city centre
         - The problems of centralize
         - Unprotected under high pressure.
         - The tessellated roads and the ring roads cannot work effectively
         - The enclosed ring road limits the city in different circle levels                                              miner
                                                                                                                          gate         main street
         - The confliction between the unlimited growing of the possession
         in civil vehicles and network
         - Traffic jams during rush hours in hi-dens area
         - The capacity of road system is not growing the same speed as
         the growing of Motorcars.

                                                                                                                          belt tower         main gate




Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                                                                                      21#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

     2.2 Weakness

     2.2.3 Crux in Network



     B . Public Transportation
     Public transportation can be a method to solve the problems of transport.
     For the public transportation is much more effective than private cars, this
     can decrease the pressure of inner city.
     The growth of operating vehicles shows that the public transportation
     have been improved a lot since year 2009, the local government intro-
     duced more bus lines since then.
     From the integration analysis
     - the superposition of most integrated area of road system and reachable
     area by public transportation.
     - connection of the secondary centres a not as much as expectation.                                                             Figure 2.2.16
                                                                                                                         Operating Vehicles(unit)
     - not as integrated as the private network system                                             figure source: Xi’an Statistical Yearbook 2010




                                                                                                                                       Figure 2.2.17
                                                                                                      The Integration of public transportation(2010)
                                                                                                                 source:Cui Mi, Cao Ronglin, 2011




Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                                22#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

       2.2 Weakness

       2.2.4 Spatial Segregation




                                                                                                              The problems are as follows:
                                                                                                              - The uneven development of the north side to railway. The function of north-
                                                                                                              ern part is mainly storage in past years. People seldom go there because of
                                                                                                              the function and unconnected facts. While the area actually is really close to
                                                                                                              the inner city.
                                                                                                              - Security problem. Because of the train station and the industrial function,
                                                                                                              most of residents by the north of the railway are floating people. This area is
     - caused by the railway and central station                                                              full of slums, which makes this area keep in a high crime rates all the time.
     - The eastern side inside the city wall no connection with the north city                                - Ineffective land use and environment problem. Because of lack of other
     - The only connection is North middle street and the 1st ring outside                                    function services, the land is not planned in an effective and integrated way.




                                                                                              Figure 2.2.19
                                                                                    The spatial segregation



Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                                                                         23#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

     2.3 Opportunity

     2.3.1 Impact of Location
     - one of the 8 most important rail nodes                                                                       - New hi-speed rail system in China
     - the only node that has the rail lines to all directions, especially to Xinji-                                - CRH lines connect the core cities
     ang and Tibet.                                                                                                 - 1 day round-trip between core nodes
     - It is the only transfer station connect the eastern and western China.                                       - decrease the distance,
     - the “gate of western China”.                                                                                 - bring the city more opportunities on commerce and economic.
                                                                                                                                                                                           Xi’an Central Station



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      30H




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        20H




                                                                                                                                                                                 Urumuq
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         10H




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Beijing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Zhengzhou
                                                                                                                                                                                              Lanzhou

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Wuhan

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Shanghai



                                                                                                                                                                                          Chengdu Chongqing
                                                                                                         Beijing                                                          Lasa




                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Guangzhou




                                                                                       Xi’an                       Xi’an Central Station                                                     Xi’an North Station
                                                                                                          Zhengzhou


                                                                                                                      Shanghai                               30H                                                                                            30H




                                                                 Chengdu                                  Wuhan
                                                                                   Chongqing                                                   20H                                                                                            20H




                                                                                                Urumuq
                                                                                                                                     10H                                                                                       10H



                       LEGEND                                                                                                                  Beijing
                                                                                                                                  Zhengzhou                                                                      Zhengzhou
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Beijing
                         Old railway                                                                                Lanzhou

                                                                                                                                                     Wuhan                                                                           Wuhan
                         New railway                                                                                                                                                                                                 Shanghai
                                                                                                                                                      Shanghai                                  Chengdu
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Chongqing
                         Plan railway                                                 Guangzhou

                         Connection                                                      Lasa
                                                                                                              Chengdu Chongqing



                           Nodes
                         Capital City                                                                                                 Guangzhou




                                                                                                                                                           Figure 2.3.1                                                                        Figure 2.3.2
                                                                                                                                              The rail system of China                                                  The time map of Xi’an main stations
Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  24#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

       2.3 Opportunity

       2.3.2 The Movement of Train Station



                                                              There used to be only the central station as the main station in Xi’an. For the requirement
                                                              of the new hi-speed rail lines, the old centre train station can no longer take the pressure
                                                              of such a frequency of trains. So a new station – north train station – has been built since
                                                              2011 to take over all the hi-speed lines and some tourism lines.




                                                                                                                Xi’an- Xianyang
                                                                                                                New District




                                                                                                                                             North Station
                                                                                                                                                                             LEGEND
                                                                                                                                                                                  Old lines

                                                                                                   Xianyang
                                                                                                   Main Area                                  Central Station                     Hi speed lines


                                                                                                                                                                                  Intercity lines
                                                                                                                                     Xi’an Main Urban Area
                                                                                                                                                                                  Train station


                                                                                                                                                                                  Main city area




                                                                                                               South Station (in building)




                                                                                                                                                                                          Figure 2.3.3
                                                                                                                                                                The location of stations and rail lines




Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                                                                                     25#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

     2.3 Opportunity

     2.3.2 The Movement of Train Station

       According to the passenger number of transportation, the number of peo-
       ple that travelling by train is still keep growing until 2009. For the new hi-
       speed rail lines will be built in 10 year, it is not hard to conjecture that the
       figure will increase afterward.
       Meanwhile, in the coming years, there will be 3 main train stations in Xi’an.
        * The central station : the normal long distance lines to all direction (main-
       ly tourism or floating population)
        * The north station will have most of the high-speed CRH lines and some
       of the intercity.(mainly daily travel and business)
        * The south station will be the station for intercity.

       It is an opportunity that the new stations take some of the pressure of the
       central station, and give a new definition of the central station. For the
       close relation between central station and the historical city centre, it will
       also impact the social and spatial construction of the old centre.
                                                                                                                                 Figure 2.3.4
                                                                                                   The number of passengers in transportation




                                                                                                                                Figure 2.3.4
                                                                                                    The consistence of passengers by stations

Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                                26#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

       2.3 Opportunity

       2.3.3 The New Infrastructures




                                                                                        3rd Ring




                                                                                                   2nd Ring



                                                                                                        1st Ring

       - 2011, first metro line intro-                                                                 (City Wall)


       duced from the north to south.
       -5 metro designed
       -2 metro lines pass though
       -2 metro lines go around the
       city wall.
       - Opportunity of better con-                                                                                  LEGEND
       nection - Reconstruct the                                                                                     Railway/Train station

       building area by infrastruc-                                                                                  Current Metro Line

       ture.                                                                                                         Planing Metro Line

       - TOD mode can be an impor-                                                                                   Old/New government
                                                                                                                     (City-Xi’an)
       tant scientific relevant way                                                                                  Old/Planing Government
                                                                                                                     (Province-Shaanxi)



                                                                                                                                     Figure 2.3.5
                                                                                                                           The metro system plan


Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                                    27#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

     2.3 Opportunity

     2.3.4 The Movement of Local Government


     Two important local governments
     - Shaanxi Provincial government
     - Xi’an city government

     Old Situation:
     -form an atmosphere of politic and office
     area.
     -the important attractive points of the histori-
     cal centre.
     -pressure of safety and network
                                                                                        3rd Ring


     Movement:
     2011 : the local government of Xi’an city
     moved out to the north area.                                                                  2nd Ring
     - reduce the pressure
     - attracts the investment to the north
                                                                                                        Inner city
                                                                                                       (City Wall)
     Before 2020: the province government
     would also move out to the south urban area

     After the movement of government
     ,the historical city centre :
     - lose the character of power
     - get more freedom in space
     - lost of jobs and life
                                                                                                                     LEGEND
                                                                                                                     Railway/Train station

                                                                                                                     Current Metro Line

                                                                                                                     Planing Metro Line

                                                                                                                     Old/New government
                                                                                                                     (City-Xi’an)
                                                                                                                     Old/Planing Government
                                                                                                                     (Province-Shaanxi)
                        Figure 2.3.6
                        The movement of local government




Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                              28#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

       2.4 Threats

       The Mega Plan 2020




                                                                                                     Xi’an-
                                                                                                   Xianyang
                                                                                                     New
                                                                           Main Urban Area
                                                                              Xianyang              District


  -Xi-xian (Xi’an and Xianyang ) new district.                                                                 Main Urban Area Xi’an
  -Xi’an international airport
  -closet to the Xi’an north train station and
  Xianyang train station.
  -Hi-technology, huge historical heritage,
  landscape and tourism
  -chance to make the big area of Xi’an
  more influence on the northwestern China
  -threat for the main urban area, especially
  the historical city centre.


Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                       29#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

     2.4 Threats

     2.4.1 the transforming of city form
                               STORAGE                                Transforming of city form
                               HERITAGE
                                                                      - From one center to multi- centers
                                                                      - In 1990s, clear function devided
                   HEAVY       COMMERCE   LIGHT                       - 2000s, nine grades form
                 INDUSTRY        LIVING INDUSTRY                        Two scales : 1. nine grades of main urban area in center
                                                                                     2. nine grades of city land (8 satellitic towns)
                                                                      - New definition for historical inncer city
                                CULTURE
                               EDUCATION
                                                                      Influence of New definition
                                                                      - The characteristics of historical inner city: heritage buildings, atmosphere of streets and neighbor-
                                                                      hoods.
                    Heritage     Manu-        Living                  - Demanding of keeping the original residents and their life style.
                     of Han      factory     Tourism
                                                                      - No define living character, movement of residents will happen in years
                                                                      - Losing of political attraction
                     Living    Commerce       Heavy                   - Threat to be dead.
                    Ecology     Tourism      Industry



                     Hi-tech    Education    Tourism
                    Industry     Culture      Luxury




                                                                                                                                                               LEGEND
                                                                                                                                                              Main area(1980)
                                                                                                                                                              Main area(2000)
                                                                                                                                                              Main area(2020)
                                                                                                                                                              Mono center(1980)
                                                                                                                                                              satellitic center(2000)
                                                                                                                                                              satellitic center(2020)
                                                                                                                                                              main road (1980)
                                                                                                                                                              main road (2000)
                                                                                                                                                              metro (2020)
                                                              Figure 2.4.3
                                            The transformation of city form                                                                                                       Figure 2.4.2
                                                                                                                                                                             The form of Xi’an
Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                                                                                 30#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

       2.4 Threats

       2.4.2 The Threat from New District
       - Attractions from the new district
         * Job attraction
         * Close to new train station
         * Business and society activites
         * Cultural and torism attraction
       - Trend of movement
         * 300,000 people will move out
         * Economic and technology movement
       - Lack of connection between old and new
         * Lack of public transport in between
         * Lack of local streets connection



                                                   Jingriver
                                  Airport          zone
                                  related
                                  zone




                   History related zone



                              West
                              fengriver East
                              zone      fengriver
                                         zone

                                                                                                                        Figure 2.4.5
                                                                                                    The plan of Xi-Xian New District
                                                                                     Figure 2.4.4
                                                           The definition of Xi-Xian New District




Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                  31#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

     3. Problem Statement




                Uneven Development


                      Crux in Network

                                                Spatial Problem
                  Spatial Segregation
                                                                                                                                                Location impact


                 Saturation in Centre
                                                                             Problem                                              Opportunity   Movement of train station


                           Land price
                                                                                                                                                New infrastructure

                  Living Environment
                                                 Social Problem
                                                                                                                                                Movement of power
                    Security Problem


          Historical Street Protection



          Transformation of city form            Spatial aspect
                                                                                                                                                    History and Heritage(culture)
                                                                              Threat                                                Strength
                        New district

                                                                                                    Historical Inner city                           Historical city form
                  Human Resources                Social aspect


                                                                                           PLACE IDENTITY
                      Job Attraction
                                                                                           - Boud to our past
                                                                                           - Part of civil life
                      Culture lossing                                                      - Culture homogenety
                                                                                           - Honor and understanding of society
                                                                                           - Art of architecture and landscape




Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                                                                    32#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

       4. Research Question




       MAIN QUESTION
       How to use the huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 to regenerate the historical inner city in Xi’an



       Three centralities:
       A. The regeneration topic. The influence of the huge movement to the historical inner city, with the new definition and functional transfor-
       mation.
       B. The transportation topic. The use of Transit-Oriented Development in built area, after the huge movement happens on infrastructure.
       C. The social topic. Reconstructing the historical neighbourhood for high quality to approach the new attraction.


       SUB QUESTIONS

       -What is the form the historical centre before transformation? What problem does the historical inner city has at present?
       -The new definition and form of city . What role it plays now, and what role it will play after. ( In global and regional scale.)
       -The relation of the new district and old centre, including the elements of network, function, density, etc. ( Case study and comparison)
       -The elements that will change in the old centre, and the new spatical frame of historical inner city. ( Problems and challenges)
       -How the spatial movements will influence condition and life of inhabitants.
       -How can the top-down and bottom-up approaches contribute each other and give value to the success of the conservation efforts?




Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                                      33#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

     5. Methodology




             Main Method



                                                           Research
                Research                                    Method                                   Centralities        Theory


                                                         Comparison                                   Historical         Urban
                  Design                                   of Case                                  neighborhood      Configuration
                                                              SWOT
                                                                                                    Regeneration      Network City
                                                        Space Syntax                                   Network           Urban
                                                           Literature                                                 Regeneration
                                                            Review                                 Public Space and
                Up-down                                                                             Place Identity    Sustainable
                Approach                                                                                                Urban
                                                                                                                         TOD
              Bottom-Up                                                                                               Development
               Approach                                                                                                  Urban
                                                                                                                      Conservation




Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                      34#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

     5. Methodology




                             RESEARCH
             Top-Down
             Approach
                                                                               THEORY STUDY                             POLITICAL AMBITIONS

                                                                               -Urban configuration                     -International city
                                                                               -Network city                            -Metropolitan Area
                                                                               -Urban Regeneration                      -Mega city Planning 2020
                                                                               -Sustainable urban                       -New district
                                                                                                                        -Economical goals




                                                                                                      CASE STUDY
                                                            POWER                NEIGHBOTHOOD
                                                                                                      -Public transport node
                                        DESIGN




                                                                        SITE                          (Antwerpen, London, HK)

                                                                      SOLUTION                        -Historical regeneration
                                                                                                      (Roma, Shanghai)
                                                            CULTURE               PEOPLE
                                                                                                      -Public space
                                                                                                      (New York city)


                                                                                                                        CIVIL REQUIREMENT

                                                                                                                        -Living environment

                                                                                                                        -Public Space
                                                                                                                        -Spatial connection
                             RESEARCH




                                                                               THEORY STUDY                             -Friendly neighborhoods

                                                                                                                        -Safety
                                                                               -Transit-Oriented
                                                                                                                        -Service and Infrastructure
                                                                               Development

                                                                               - Urban conservation
             Bottom-Up
              Approach




Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                                      35#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

        6. Framework of the thesis



                                             INTRODUCTION

                          -DOCUMENT
                          REVIEW
                                               CONTEXT                                             RESEARCH
                          -DATA COLLECTION       AND
                          -MAPPING
                                              BACKGROUND                       CASE & COMPARISON                    CASE
                                                                                                                    STUDY

                          -MAPPING                                             -Public transportation node
                          -MORPHOLOGY         PRELIMINARY                      -Historical regeneration
                          -DATA COLLECTION
                          -READING             ANALYSIS                        -Public space design

                                                                                                                                                                    DESIGN
                                                PROBLEM
                          SWOT ANALYSIS        STATEMENT                         STRATEGY

                                                                                 -Inner city regeneration
                                                                                 -Network reconstruction




                                                                                                                                                                             EVELUATION
                                               RESEARCH                          -New definition
                                               QUESTION                                                                              PROJECT DESIGN
                                                                                -REGION                                     LOCAL
                                                                                -CITY                                       SCALE    -Suggest design principles
                                             P1                                 -DISTRICT
                                                                                SCALE
                                                                                                  INPUT
                                                                                                                                     -Solutions in detail


                                                                                                                                                                  RESEARCH


                                             LITERATURE REVIEW                          ANALYSIS RESEARCH                            SPECIFIC RESEARCH

                                             -TOD in historical inner city              -Urban form transformation                   -Public space
                                             -Urban regeneration in historical area     -Segregation and fragment                    -Living environment
                                             -Sustainable urban                         -Urban network                               -Civil requirement
                                                                                        -Culture and history



                                             -BOOK REVIEW                                   -SPACE SYNTAX                            -QUESTIONNAIRE                       TOOL
                                             -DOCUMENT REVIEW                               -MAPPING                                 -EXPERIMENTAL EXCURSION              BOX
                                                                                            -MORPHOLOGY                              -PAPERS REVIEW
                                                                                            -DOCUMENT REVIEW
                                                                                            -DATA COLLECTION



                                                         P2                                                    P3                   P4                               P5
Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                                                                          36#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

     7. Phasing / Time Schedule



                                                   P1                                        P2                            P3                P4          P5

                        Sep.            Oct.             Nov.              Dec.            Jan.           Feb.      Mar.        Apr.   May        June

                    Preliminary analysis
                    Problem Statement & Research Question
                                     Theoty Paper
                                      Analysis Research
                                                      Case Study
                                                      Literature Review
                                                                       Strategy
                                                                                          Site Choice
                                                                                                   Specific Design Research
                                                                                                         Programme Design
                                                                                                                                              Design
                                                                                                                                              Eveluate
                                                                                                                                              Final
                                                                                                                                              Product

                                                                                 Research
                                                                                                                  Design
Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                                                                              37#
Move Out and Built In
The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an

        8. Final Product




                              1. Strategy for the historical inner city of Xi’an.
                                  - Definition of the historical inner city
                                  - Goals and proposal
                              2. Flexiable spatial principles follow the strategy with two aspects
                                  - Reconstruction of Infrastructure and urban fabric
                                  - Regeneration of historical neighbourhoods
                              3. Project design work of one important point under the strategy, as a sample.
                              4. Possible spectacular of the future.




Li Lu 4118162
Complex City
                                                                                                               38#
THANK YOU!
Questions?

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P1 presentation li lu

  • 1. MOVE OUT and BUILT IN THE REGENERATION OF THE HISTORICAL INNER CIT UNDER HUGE MOVEMENT OF MAGA PLANNING 2020 IN XI’AN Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 2011
  • 2. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an Contents Preface: Aim and Motivation 1. Background and Introduction 2. City Analysis 2.1 Strength 2.2 Weakness 2.3 Opportunity 2.4 Threats 3. Problem Statement 4. Research Question 5. Methodology 6. Framework of Thesis 7. Phasing / Time Schedule 8. Final Product Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 2#
  • 3. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an Aim & Motivation The Regeneration of Inner City Typical Example Chinese Background Experience a huge movement Xi’an 34o15’N 108o55’E Figure 1.1 Location of Xi’an in glocal Source: http://confluence.slac.stanford.edu/download/attachments/19965/light.jpg Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 3#
  • 4. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an Aim & Motivation BonD to Part of our PaSt civiL Life tHreat of Honor anD cuLturaL unDerStanDing Homogenety of Society art of arcHitecture PLace & LanDScaPe iDentity (Striptes, 1983) Figure 1.3 Figure 1.2 The Rapid expansion of Chinese city The Importance of Historical center Strategic Location LocaL intergration market witH DemanD regionaL cLuSterS Human reSourceS Figure 1.3 Figure 1.4 FOUR MAIN ADVANTAGES OF INNER CITY The redefine of the historical center (Porter,1995) Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 4#
  • 5. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 1. Background 1.1 Location Harbin-Changchun Metropolitan Shenyang Metropolitan Beijing-Tianjin Metropolitan Ji’nan Metropolitan Zhengzhou Metropolitan Xi’an Metropolitan Shanghai Delta Metropolitan Wuhan-Changsha Xi’an Chongqing Metropolitan Metropolitan - In the middle of China -Geological Centre Point Xiamen Metropolitan -”Gate of the western China” -One of the eleven metropolitans HongKong Delta -4th Depth of the metropolitan Metropolitan Figure 1.1 The eleven metropolitans in China -Only metropolitan in northweste Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 5#
  • 6. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 1. Background 1.2 Land Area Xi’an - History of 3,200 years since 2200B.C. Shaanxi province - The capital city of China for 1100 years - The capital city of Shaanxi province - Political land area: 10108km2 - Population: 196,180,000 Lianhu District Xincheng Yanliang District District Beilin District Gaoling County Inner Districts Secondary Districts Weiyang Lintong District Outer Districts District Baqiao Counties District Yanta District Zhouzhi County Chang’an District Lantian County - 9 urban districts + 4 counties Hu County - Main urban 3 Original urban district (97km2) 3 secondary districts (736km2) - Urban area (3582km2) main urban + 3 outer districts Xi’an City Figure 1.3 The districts of xi’an Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 6#
  • 7. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 2. City Analysis The city analysis part start from the SWOT analysis about the complicated background of the city, in order to figure out what kind of future the city is facing and make the problem statement POTENTIAL PROBLEM STRENGTH WEEKNESS as a conclusion afterwards. CURRENT SITUATION - History and Heritage - Saturation in centre - The historical city form - Uneven development - Crux in Network - Spatial Segregation HUGE MOVEMENT Opportunity Threat OPPORTUNITY THREAT - The location impact - The transition of city form MEGA PLAN 2020 - The movement of train - The threat from new ? Limit station district HISTORY Attraction Historical - The new infrastructure Inner - The movement of power City Strength Weakness CURRENT SITUATION Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 7#
  • 8. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 2.1 Strength 2.1.1 History and Heritage International Airport Xianyang City 2 Qin Dynasty 221BC-207BC Chang’an City Xianyang Han Dynasty 3 202BC-23AC 3 LEGEND Chang’an City 2 Xi’an Historical Wei rivier 1368AC-1840AC AFang Palace Qin Dynasty 4 Historical Canal Chang’an City 907AC-1368AC 221BC-207BC Chang’an City Historical Fengjing & Haojing Pool Chang’an City 1 Sui & Dang Dynasty Zhou Dynasty Chang’an City 581AC-618AC 581AC-907AC 1079BC-256BC 1 Han Dynasty City Axis in LEGEND Han Chang’an City Axis in Historical other Dynasty Wei rivier Historical Canal Historical Pool Historical Capital Site Figure 2.1.1 Figure 2.1.2 The history capital cities in area Xi’an The historical cities after Tang Dynasty Zhou Han DongHan Qianzhao HouQin BeiZhou Tang 1078B.C. 202B.C. 202A.C. 318A.C. 386A.C. 557A.C. 618A.C. -771B.C. -24B.C. -24A.C. -329A.C. -417A.C. -581A.C. -907A.C. Qin Xin XiJin Qianqin XiWei Sui 221B.C. 8A.C. 313A.C. 351A.C. 535A.C. 581A.C. -207B.C. -23A.C. -316A.C. -385A.C. -556A.C. -617A.C. Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 8#
  • 9. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 2.1 Strength 2.1.1 History and Heritage Feng ,Hao (1) Qin Xianyang (2) Chang’an City (3) Daming Palace (4) Ming City wall 256 B.C. 221 B.C. 202 B.C. 23A.C. 618A.C. 907A.C. 1368A.C. 1079 B.C. Figure 2.1.3 Protected Heritage AFang Palace (2) Chang’an City (3) Tang City wall (4) Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 9#
  • 10. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 2.1 Strength 2.1.2 The Historical City Form Tang Chang’an City Historical Inner CIty Xi’an - Form of quadrate in block and network - Form of quadrate in block and network - City Wall - City Wall (Ming Dynasty) - 108 Blocks, 4 main streets` - 4 main streets - impacts other historical cities (Beijing, Nanjing, Kyoto...) - Identity of Inner City Figure 2.1.4 Figure 2.1.5 Chang’an (Tang) Inner city area (2009) source: http://www.chinabaike.com/article/Upload- Pic/2007-5/2007520184610239.jpg source: http://www.lvyou114.com/MapMax/9/2009530172938.gif Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 10#
  • 11. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 2.2 Weakness 2.2.1 Saturation in Centre - High Density in inner city Beilin 32,717 Xincheng 20,933 Lianhu 17,167 Yanta Lianhu 7,629 Weiyang 2,403 District Baqiao 1,762 Xincheng Yanliang District Yanliang 1,077 District Gaolin 1,073 Lintong 750 Beilin Chang’an 650 District Hu 443 Lantian 263 Gaoling County Zhouzhi 189 0 4,000 8,000 12,000 16,000 20,000 24,000 28,000 32,000 36,000 Density of Districts (person/km2) Weiyang Lintong District District Baqiao District Yanta District Zhouzhi County Chang’an District Lantian County Hu County Xi’an City Figure 2.2.1 Density comparison figure source: Xi’an Statistical Yearbook 2010 Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 11#
  • 12. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 2.2 Weakness 2.2.1 Saturation in Centre Figure 2.2.3 The growth of population in Xi’an Figure 2.2.2 The growth of city - Xi’an Density historical inner city Density (10,000person/km2) - No high rise allowed inside city wall, protection of skyline - No enough spaces for residents - Low living quality Figure 2.2.4 - Lack of public spaces The Trend of density in Xi’an figure source: Xi’an Statistical Yearbook 2010 - Growth of population in urban area - Decreasing of population in inner city - The decreasing of density in inner city since 2007 - Natually movement because of better environment and jobs Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 12#
  • 13. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 2.2 Weakness 2.2.2 Uneven Development land price Figure 2.2.5 The Land Price of the main urban area Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 13#
  • 14. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 2.2 Weakness 2.2.2 Uneven Development Historical Attraction Figure 2.2.6 The Historical Attractive Location Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 14#
  • 15. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 2.2 Weakness 2.2.2 Uneven Development Social Housing Figure 2.2.7 The distribution of social housing Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 15#
  • 16. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 2.2 Weakness 2.2.2 Uneven Development Office Building Figure 2.2.8 The distribution of office Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 16#
  • 17. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 2.2 Weakness 2.2.2 Uneven Development Figure 2.2.5 Figure 2.2.6 The Land Price of the main urban area The Historical Attractive Location -social housing in the north and south- western -away from the inner city -social housing located on the edge of the low land price are. -the offices locate concentrates on the south and east area -the land price are higher in south. -the location of social housing seldom have comprehensive service supported. Figure 2.2.7 Figure 2.2.8 The distribution of social housing The distribution of office Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 17#
  • 18. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 2.2 Weakness 2.2.2 Uneven Development LEGEND Local Government Residential Area Historical Residential Area Commercial Area Culture & Service Green Space Plaza Industrial Area Railway land Central Station Figure 2.2.9 Figure 2.2.10 The Main urban area The Land use of the historical inner city Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 18#
  • 19. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 2.2 Weakness 2.2.3 Crux in Network Two Aspects: -The private transport * Traffic Jam in crux * Unconnection between International Airport ringroads * Unbalance in areas -The public transportation * Not fit the requirments * Inconvenience in neibourhoods * Not fit the network development legend Ring road Radiation road Minor road Railway Heritage Figure 2.2.11 The road system of Xi’an Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 19#
  • 20. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 2.2 Weakness 2.2.3 Crux in Network A. Road System The road system in Xi’an is following the original tessellated road system thousands years ago. The growth of the ring road was started from the 1990s, before that there was only the first boulevard ring road outside along the city wall, then the 2nd and 3rd ring road were built as enclosed ring road.The integration analysis of the system express how the network influence the spatial form.For almost 50 years, the inner city is still the main core of the network system till now; it brought a lot of pressure inside the city wall. Before 1965 1965 1981 1995 21st century - the urban area concentrated in - more the axis-integrated road - balance between the east and - network developed to all direc- - the city grew to the south side the city wall - mainly extended to the east west tions - integrate level of network in- - obvious trend of growing. - integration centre moved to the - integrated centre back to the - high speed expending growth creased east historical centre - integration also improved a lot - more integrate centre in west, - limit in space of east and west east and south -along the main cross in middle of inner city Figure 2.2.12 Figure 2.2.13 The Integration(HH) of main city Xi’an The Integration(HH) of Xi’an (2008) figure source:Quan Jin,Zheng Xiaowei, 2008 Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 20#
  • 21. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 2.2 Weakness 2.2.3 Crux in Network 110 101.29 99 87.50 84.04 88 77 60.81 66 54.46 51.67 51.28 55 45.50 44 37.00 27.93 31.03 33 22 11 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Figure 2.2.14 Possession of civil vehicles (10,000units) figure source: Xi’an Statistical Yearbook 2010 Figure 2.2.15 Possession of civil vehicles (10,000units) At present, the network of Xi’an shows several problems as follow: - The most integrated centre still in the historical city centre - The pressure for the historical city centre - The problems of centralize - Unprotected under high pressure. - The tessellated roads and the ring roads cannot work effectively - The enclosed ring road limits the city in different circle levels miner gate main street - The confliction between the unlimited growing of the possession in civil vehicles and network - Traffic jams during rush hours in hi-dens area - The capacity of road system is not growing the same speed as the growing of Motorcars. belt tower main gate Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 21#
  • 22. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 2.2 Weakness 2.2.3 Crux in Network B . Public Transportation Public transportation can be a method to solve the problems of transport. For the public transportation is much more effective than private cars, this can decrease the pressure of inner city. The growth of operating vehicles shows that the public transportation have been improved a lot since year 2009, the local government intro- duced more bus lines since then. From the integration analysis - the superposition of most integrated area of road system and reachable area by public transportation. - connection of the secondary centres a not as much as expectation. Figure 2.2.16 Operating Vehicles(unit) - not as integrated as the private network system figure source: Xi’an Statistical Yearbook 2010 Figure 2.2.17 The Integration of public transportation(2010) source:Cui Mi, Cao Ronglin, 2011 Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 22#
  • 23. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 2.2 Weakness 2.2.4 Spatial Segregation The problems are as follows: - The uneven development of the north side to railway. The function of north- ern part is mainly storage in past years. People seldom go there because of the function and unconnected facts. While the area actually is really close to the inner city. - Security problem. Because of the train station and the industrial function, most of residents by the north of the railway are floating people. This area is - caused by the railway and central station full of slums, which makes this area keep in a high crime rates all the time. - The eastern side inside the city wall no connection with the north city - Ineffective land use and environment problem. Because of lack of other - The only connection is North middle street and the 1st ring outside function services, the land is not planned in an effective and integrated way. Figure 2.2.19 The spatial segregation Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 23#
  • 24. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 2.3 Opportunity 2.3.1 Impact of Location - one of the 8 most important rail nodes - New hi-speed rail system in China - the only node that has the rail lines to all directions, especially to Xinji- - CRH lines connect the core cities ang and Tibet. - 1 day round-trip between core nodes - It is the only transfer station connect the eastern and western China. - decrease the distance, - the “gate of western China”. - bring the city more opportunities on commerce and economic. Xi’an Central Station 30H 20H Urumuq 10H Beijing Zhengzhou Lanzhou Wuhan Shanghai Chengdu Chongqing Beijing Lasa Guangzhou Xi’an Xi’an Central Station Xi’an North Station Zhengzhou Shanghai 30H 30H Chengdu Wuhan Chongqing 20H 20H Urumuq 10H 10H LEGEND Beijing Zhengzhou Zhengzhou Beijing Old railway Lanzhou Wuhan Wuhan New railway Shanghai Shanghai Chengdu Chongqing Plan railway Guangzhou Connection Lasa Chengdu Chongqing Nodes Capital City Guangzhou Figure 2.3.1 Figure 2.3.2 The rail system of China The time map of Xi’an main stations Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 24#
  • 25. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 2.3 Opportunity 2.3.2 The Movement of Train Station There used to be only the central station as the main station in Xi’an. For the requirement of the new hi-speed rail lines, the old centre train station can no longer take the pressure of such a frequency of trains. So a new station – north train station – has been built since 2011 to take over all the hi-speed lines and some tourism lines. Xi’an- Xianyang New District North Station LEGEND Old lines Xianyang Main Area Central Station Hi speed lines Intercity lines Xi’an Main Urban Area Train station Main city area South Station (in building) Figure 2.3.3 The location of stations and rail lines Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 25#
  • 26. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 2.3 Opportunity 2.3.2 The Movement of Train Station According to the passenger number of transportation, the number of peo- ple that travelling by train is still keep growing until 2009. For the new hi- speed rail lines will be built in 10 year, it is not hard to conjecture that the figure will increase afterward. Meanwhile, in the coming years, there will be 3 main train stations in Xi’an. * The central station : the normal long distance lines to all direction (main- ly tourism or floating population) * The north station will have most of the high-speed CRH lines and some of the intercity.(mainly daily travel and business) * The south station will be the station for intercity. It is an opportunity that the new stations take some of the pressure of the central station, and give a new definition of the central station. For the close relation between central station and the historical city centre, it will also impact the social and spatial construction of the old centre. Figure 2.3.4 The number of passengers in transportation Figure 2.3.4 The consistence of passengers by stations Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 26#
  • 27. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 2.3 Opportunity 2.3.3 The New Infrastructures 3rd Ring 2nd Ring 1st Ring - 2011, first metro line intro- (City Wall) duced from the north to south. -5 metro designed -2 metro lines pass though -2 metro lines go around the city wall. - Opportunity of better con- LEGEND nection - Reconstruct the Railway/Train station building area by infrastruc- Current Metro Line ture. Planing Metro Line - TOD mode can be an impor- Old/New government (City-Xi’an) tant scientific relevant way Old/Planing Government (Province-Shaanxi) Figure 2.3.5 The metro system plan Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 27#
  • 28. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 2.3 Opportunity 2.3.4 The Movement of Local Government Two important local governments - Shaanxi Provincial government - Xi’an city government Old Situation: -form an atmosphere of politic and office area. -the important attractive points of the histori- cal centre. -pressure of safety and network 3rd Ring Movement: 2011 : the local government of Xi’an city moved out to the north area. 2nd Ring - reduce the pressure - attracts the investment to the north Inner city (City Wall) Before 2020: the province government would also move out to the south urban area After the movement of government ,the historical city centre : - lose the character of power - get more freedom in space - lost of jobs and life LEGEND Railway/Train station Current Metro Line Planing Metro Line Old/New government (City-Xi’an) Old/Planing Government (Province-Shaanxi) Figure 2.3.6 The movement of local government Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 28#
  • 29. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 2.4 Threats The Mega Plan 2020 Xi’an- Xianyang New Main Urban Area Xianyang District -Xi-xian (Xi’an and Xianyang ) new district. Main Urban Area Xi’an -Xi’an international airport -closet to the Xi’an north train station and Xianyang train station. -Hi-technology, huge historical heritage, landscape and tourism -chance to make the big area of Xi’an more influence on the northwestern China -threat for the main urban area, especially the historical city centre. Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 29#
  • 30. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 2.4 Threats 2.4.1 the transforming of city form STORAGE Transforming of city form HERITAGE - From one center to multi- centers - In 1990s, clear function devided HEAVY COMMERCE LIGHT - 2000s, nine grades form INDUSTRY LIVING INDUSTRY Two scales : 1. nine grades of main urban area in center 2. nine grades of city land (8 satellitic towns) - New definition for historical inncer city CULTURE EDUCATION Influence of New definition - The characteristics of historical inner city: heritage buildings, atmosphere of streets and neighbor- hoods. Heritage Manu- Living - Demanding of keeping the original residents and their life style. of Han factory Tourism - No define living character, movement of residents will happen in years - Losing of political attraction Living Commerce Heavy - Threat to be dead. Ecology Tourism Industry Hi-tech Education Tourism Industry Culture Luxury LEGEND Main area(1980) Main area(2000) Main area(2020) Mono center(1980) satellitic center(2000) satellitic center(2020) main road (1980) main road (2000) metro (2020) Figure 2.4.3 The transformation of city form Figure 2.4.2 The form of Xi’an Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 30#
  • 31. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 2.4 Threats 2.4.2 The Threat from New District - Attractions from the new district * Job attraction * Close to new train station * Business and society activites * Cultural and torism attraction - Trend of movement * 300,000 people will move out * Economic and technology movement - Lack of connection between old and new * Lack of public transport in between * Lack of local streets connection Jingriver Airport zone related zone History related zone West fengriver East zone fengriver zone Figure 2.4.5 The plan of Xi-Xian New District Figure 2.4.4 The definition of Xi-Xian New District Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 31#
  • 32. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 3. Problem Statement Uneven Development Crux in Network Spatial Problem Spatial Segregation Location impact Saturation in Centre Problem Opportunity Movement of train station Land price New infrastructure Living Environment Social Problem Movement of power Security Problem Historical Street Protection Transformation of city form Spatial aspect History and Heritage(culture) Threat Strength New district Historical Inner city Historical city form Human Resources Social aspect PLACE IDENTITY Job Attraction - Boud to our past - Part of civil life Culture lossing - Culture homogenety - Honor and understanding of society - Art of architecture and landscape Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 32#
  • 33. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 4. Research Question MAIN QUESTION How to use the huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 to regenerate the historical inner city in Xi’an Three centralities: A. The regeneration topic. The influence of the huge movement to the historical inner city, with the new definition and functional transfor- mation. B. The transportation topic. The use of Transit-Oriented Development in built area, after the huge movement happens on infrastructure. C. The social topic. Reconstructing the historical neighbourhood for high quality to approach the new attraction. SUB QUESTIONS -What is the form the historical centre before transformation? What problem does the historical inner city has at present? -The new definition and form of city . What role it plays now, and what role it will play after. ( In global and regional scale.) -The relation of the new district and old centre, including the elements of network, function, density, etc. ( Case study and comparison) -The elements that will change in the old centre, and the new spatical frame of historical inner city. ( Problems and challenges) -How the spatial movements will influence condition and life of inhabitants. -How can the top-down and bottom-up approaches contribute each other and give value to the success of the conservation efforts? Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 33#
  • 34. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 5. Methodology Main Method Research Research Method Centralities Theory Comparison Historical Urban Design of Case neighborhood Configuration SWOT Regeneration Network City Space Syntax Network Urban Literature Regeneration Review Public Space and Up-down Place Identity Sustainable Approach Urban TOD Bottom-Up Development Approach Urban Conservation Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 34#
  • 35. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 5. Methodology RESEARCH Top-Down Approach THEORY STUDY POLITICAL AMBITIONS -Urban configuration -International city -Network city -Metropolitan Area -Urban Regeneration -Mega city Planning 2020 -Sustainable urban -New district -Economical goals CASE STUDY POWER NEIGHBOTHOOD -Public transport node DESIGN SITE (Antwerpen, London, HK) SOLUTION -Historical regeneration (Roma, Shanghai) CULTURE PEOPLE -Public space (New York city) CIVIL REQUIREMENT -Living environment -Public Space -Spatial connection RESEARCH THEORY STUDY -Friendly neighborhoods -Safety -Transit-Oriented -Service and Infrastructure Development - Urban conservation Bottom-Up Approach Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 35#
  • 36. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 6. Framework of the thesis INTRODUCTION -DOCUMENT REVIEW CONTEXT RESEARCH -DATA COLLECTION AND -MAPPING BACKGROUND CASE & COMPARISON CASE STUDY -MAPPING -Public transportation node -MORPHOLOGY PRELIMINARY -Historical regeneration -DATA COLLECTION -READING ANALYSIS -Public space design DESIGN PROBLEM SWOT ANALYSIS STATEMENT STRATEGY -Inner city regeneration -Network reconstruction EVELUATION RESEARCH -New definition QUESTION PROJECT DESIGN -REGION LOCAL -CITY SCALE -Suggest design principles P1 -DISTRICT SCALE INPUT -Solutions in detail RESEARCH LITERATURE REVIEW ANALYSIS RESEARCH SPECIFIC RESEARCH -TOD in historical inner city -Urban form transformation -Public space -Urban regeneration in historical area -Segregation and fragment -Living environment -Sustainable urban -Urban network -Civil requirement -Culture and history -BOOK REVIEW -SPACE SYNTAX -QUESTIONNAIRE TOOL -DOCUMENT REVIEW -MAPPING -EXPERIMENTAL EXCURSION BOX -MORPHOLOGY -PAPERS REVIEW -DOCUMENT REVIEW -DATA COLLECTION P2 P3 P4 P5 Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 36#
  • 37. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 7. Phasing / Time Schedule P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June Preliminary analysis Problem Statement & Research Question Theoty Paper Analysis Research Case Study Literature Review Strategy Site Choice Specific Design Research Programme Design Design Eveluate Final Product Research Design Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 37#
  • 38. Move Out and Built In The regeneration of the historical inner city under huge movement of Mega Planning 2020 in Xi’an 8. Final Product 1. Strategy for the historical inner city of Xi’an. - Definition of the historical inner city - Goals and proposal 2. Flexiable spatial principles follow the strategy with two aspects - Reconstruction of Infrastructure and urban fabric - Regeneration of historical neighbourhoods 3. Project design work of one important point under the strategy, as a sample. 4. Possible spectacular of the future. Li Lu 4118162 Complex City 38#