DIGITAL LIBRARY OF GLT SARASWATI BAL MANDIR, NEHRU NAGAR. PRATHAM MISHRA X-B

1. POWERPOINT PRESENTATION ON
LIFE PROCESSES
PREPARED BY:
PRATHAM MISHRA
CLASS :
X-B
ROLL NO.: 33

2. Life Processes
The word life processes means
the processes take place in the
human body which are needed for
the existence of life on Earth.
For example – Digestion,
respiration, excretion,
reproduction, etc.

3. Nutrition
• TWO TYPES:
- Autotrophic
nutrition
- Heterotrophic
nutrition

4. Autotrophic Nutrition
• Synthesis of food by photosynthesis
• Photosynthesis equation- 6CO2+6H2O (sunlight
and chlorophyll)C6H12O6 + 6O2
• Two phases of photosynthesis- light and dark
reactions
• Light reaction- light energy absorbed, H2O split
into H2 and O2, ATP and NADPH2 synthesized
• Dark reaction- CO2 reduced to carbohydrates

5. Heterotrophic Nutrition
• Generally derive energy from plants and
animal sources
• Mainly of three types— holozoic (Obtaining
nourishment as animals do by ingesting complex organic matter),
parasitic (having the nature or habits of a parasite or leech), and
saprophytic (feeding on dead or decaying organic matter)
• Digestion- mechanical and chemical
reduction of ingested nutrients

6. Photosynthesis
• Meaning – the process of the synthesis of carbohydrates
or food in presence of carbon dioxide and light is called
photosynthesis.
Equation of photosynthesis :-
Sunlight
6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2
Chlorophyll
The ways:
1.Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll.
2. Conversion of light energy to chemical energy and
splitting of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen
3. Reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates.

7. Stomata
• Meaning - A minute epidermal pore in a
leaf or stem through which gases and
water vapor can pass
• The opening and closing of stomata is
controlled by guard cells
• When the guard cells absorb water the
stoma open and when guard cells don’t
have water, the stoma close.

9. Nutrition in Amoeba
• Amoeba takes in food using temporary
finger like extensions of cell surface which
fuse over food particle forming food
vacuole .
• Inside the food vacuole, complex
substances are broken down into simpler
ones which then diffuse into the
cytoplasm.
• The remaining undigested food is moves
to the surface of the cell and thrown out.

11. Nutrition in Human Beings
• The nutrition in human beings takes
place in the human alimentary canal.
• The food in taken in through mouth
which is mixed with the saliva and
passed to oesophagus. Saliva
contains salivary amylase that breaks
down starch which is a complex
molecule to give sugar.
• The food then goes to the stomach
where the digestion process starts.
• The food is then passed to the small
and then large intestine where it is
reabsorbed and then is thrown out
through Anus.

13. Respiration
• Respiration involves the exchange of gases and oxidation of food in the
presence of air to release energy.
• Inhalation and exhalation of air occur due to change in air pressure in lungs
• Diffusion helps in exchange of gases in lungs and tissues.
• The energy released during respiration is used to make ATP molecules
(Adenosine tri phosphate) from ADP molecules (Adenosine di phosphate)
and inorganic phosphate.
Energy
ADP + Phosphate ATP
from respiration
Energy is stored in the cells in the form of ATP molecules. When the cells
need energy, ATP is broken down in the presence of water to form ADP and
energy is released.
water
ATP ADP + Energy

14. •There are two main types of respiration.
i)Aerobic respiration :- takes place in the presence of oxygen. It produces more
energy. The end products are carbon dioxide, water and energy. It takes place
in most organisms.
presence of oxygen presence of oxygen
Glucose Pyruvate CO2 + H2O + Energy
in cytoplasm in mitochondria
ii) Anaerobic respiration :- takes place in the absence of oxygen. It produces
less energy. The end products are lactic acid or ethanol, carbon dioxide, and
energy. It takes place in muscle cells and yeast.
presence of oxygen absence of oxygen
Glucose Pyruvate Lactic acid + Energy
in cytoplasm in muscle cells
• In anaerobic respiration in yeast, glucose is converted into pyruvate and in
the absence of oxygen pyruvate is converted into ethanol, carbon dioxide and
energy. This process is called fermentation.
presence of oxygen absence of oxygen
Glucose Pyruvate Ethanol + CO2 + Energy
in cytoplasm in yeast

15. presence
of oxygen
CO2 + H2O + Energy
(in mitochondria)
presence absence
of oxygen of oxygen
Glucose Pyruvate Lactic acid + Energy
in cytoplasm + (in muscle
Energy cells)
absence
of oxygen
Ethanol + CO2 + Energy
(in yeast)
BREAKDOWN OF GLUCOSE BY VARIOUS PATHWAYS

17. Transportation in humans
• Blood is a fluid connective tissue that
circulates through heart and blood
vessels.
• Blood consists of plasma with RBCs,
WBCs and platelets. Arteries transport
blood from heart to the tissues.
• Blood pressure is the force that blood
exerts against the wall of a vessel.
Lymphatic system circulates Lymph or
tissue fluid.

18. Circulatory system in humans
• Human heart is a 4 chambered muscular
pump located in our chest cavity.
• In humans the blood flows through 2 loops
-Pulmonary and systemic circulation.
• The heartbeat is initiated and regulated by
cardiac muscles.
• The fish and amphibians have 2 and 3
chambered heart respectively.

21. Transportation in plants
• The transport system in plants works with
the help of conducting tubes known as
xylem and phloem.
• The rise of water and dissolved minerals
in the xylem vessels against the force of
gravity is known as Ascent of sap.
• Transpiration is the process by which
water vapor escapes from the stomata in
the leaves of living plants.

22. Transportation in plants

23. Excretion
• Biological process of eliminating metabolic
waste substances is called excretion.
• Human excretory system consists of pair
of kidney and ureter, a Urinary bladder
and a urethra.
• Nephrons are structural and functional
units of kidney. Ultra filtration, Tubular
reabsorption, and Tubular secretion are
the steps of Urine formation inside a
nephron.

25. Structure of NEPHRON
• Each kidney has numerous filtration units
called Nephrons.
• These Nephrons consist of Glomerulus,
Bowman’s capsule, Renal artery, renal
vein, collecting duct, etc.
• The blood is filtered in these units, then
collected in the collecting tubule/duct.
• This collection is then passed to an organ
called urinary bladder where it is stored
until thrown out of the body.

27. Excretion in Plants
• The plants also give out some toxic
wastes.
• Plants don’t have any excretory system as
human beings have.
• So how do they throw out the toxic
waste?
-They throw this waste through many
ways such as transpiration, throwing of
wilted leaves, giving out it as resins and
gums, the toxic salts are first stored in the
leaves then these leaves are thrown out,

28. RECAP
What we know now:
• Life processes
• Nutrition
• Photosynthesis
• Stomata
• Nutrition in Amoeba
• Nutrition in Human Beings
• Respiration
• Transportation in Humans
• Circulatory system in Humans
• Transportation in plants
• Excretion
• Structure of nephron
• Excretion in plants

29. THANK YOU FOR
YOUR PATIENCE…..
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