Translation is an intellectual activity that involves analyzing a text to examine its function and determine the appropriate linguistic resources for conveying an equivalent message in the target language for its intended readership. It requires the translator to understand the meaning of the original message and recreate it in a clear, faithful, and accurate way in the new language. There are three types of translation according to Jakobson: intralinguistic, interlinguistic, and intersemiotic. The goal of translation is communication across languages and cultures to shorten distances and abolish borders in an increasingly globalized world.

1. THE MEANINGS OF TRANSLATION BY LIBARDO OSPINO