2. Black Residential Segregation
Significant standard of the black residential
segregation have come up with the procedure of
20th century with the urbanization of black
population.
The segregation was created by various
mechanisms in various places, starting with
violence aimed at African Americans who had
come up by the discrimination in the banking and
real estate utilizing devices in the form of deed
restrictions along with restrictive covenants.
3. Discrimination of The Black
Community
In 1977, the discrimination
was outlawed in US
markets along with black
segregation which had
started to fall. The decline
have been inversely
proportional for the
number of black
community. The Latinos
have risen after 1970s
with standard of the
isolation in race. It
happened in Hispanic
areas. The segregation of
class had risen. It has
been found among
families with the children
along with inequalities in
income and wealth for
creating the urban
4. Economic and Social
Stratification
Significant concentration in affluence for the rich
Asians and whites staying in post-industrial
coastal regions. They have strong concentration
of the poverty for the Hispanics and blacks
suffering from poverty. They are declining in the
area of industries. It is also found in South and
Midwest. It includes the pockets of Asian and
white poverty. The political geography in class
and race had denied the blacks along with
Hispanics for their standard of education. It
reduces the earning of race and to develop self-
perpetuating process of the economic and social
stratification.
5. Urban Conditions
The cities develop the
challenging environment in
nonhuman species. There
are nonhumans in the cities
creates the well-being and
health of humans where they
talk about environment.
There are unique urban
conditions developed by the
modification of landscape.
The transformation history
may not be same throughout
the urban environment. The
systematic racist like the
segregation of residents.
They had been redlining
which is due to distribution in
an unequal way. There are
inequities which involve the
ecological processes in cities
along with welfare of the
resident.
6. Change in The Biogeochemical
Processes
The decisions and human activity boost the life in
the cities. Across the world, the cities have been
marked by the transformation in anthropogenic
way on landscape. There is a change in the
biogeochemical processes. We have found a
change in the community of biology. There are
characteristics in the urban ecosystems and the
variability is extraordinary. We have observed
human agency, power and culture. We have
noted the identity. There are cities in the
ecological systems having assemblages of
community. There are features in landscape
which had risen considerably.
7. Social Inequality in Cities
There is an attribute of the
cities having social
inequality. The resource
distribution is uneven. It has
been due to the structural
racism and classism. The
reason is that the structural
inequalities create a
foundation in infrastructure of
city. There is urban
development along with
governance and
management. We have also
observed heterogeneity of
landscape. We have noted
the inequality in the human
being. It talks about
ecological setting along with
evolutionary trajectories in
the urban life.
8. Contemporary and Historical
Inequities
The literature shows the nature of contemporary
and historical inequities which rise and survive in
the human systems. The perspective is
transdisciplinary in nature. It combines the
cultural and social processes in the eco-
evolutionary framework of urban life. It has not
been explored. In the present world, the human
beings create the ecological conditions which
boost the patterns in distribution of species along
with evolution.
9. Stratification of Property and Wealth
Ownership
There is a stratification of
the property and wealth
ownership. It creates the
management and
distribution of the urban
spaces. It creates the
urban ecosystem. There
is a systemic racism along
with classism drive for the
stratification of urban
wealth. It gives priority to
requirement to solve the
environmental
heterogeneity driven by
inequality. It has been
found in the urban
evolutionary and
10. Segregation of Residents
The segregation of resident along with colonial
annexation have been observed. We have found
gentrification along with displacement. It creates
the ecological patterns in the vegetation, water
and air quality. There is ecological pattern in the
soils and microclimate. There has been a quick
influx in the resources for particular areas. There
is an accounting for those processes permitting
precise estimation on the influence of the humans
around the organisms in city. The complex have
been deconstructed. There are social inequality
influencing biological phenomena. It has been
equitable as well as sustainable solutions for
11. Economic Injustice and Race
There is an oppression of race.
We have found the economic
injustice. It had been spoiling
the global and urban ecosystem
function and health. There has
been structural racism. We have
observed classism which had
been layered for different
inequalities. It is important to
have intersectional approach in
the urban ecology. The
integration is significant for
social sciences. This has been
important for following urban
ecosystems. The applied
solutions have been created to
boost the justice to the
environment. It will enhance the
sustainability and equity.