This document provides an overview of fairy tales and nursery rhymes. It discusses the history and origins of fairy tales from ancient Greece and China to the collections of the Brothers Grimm in the 19th century. It outlines some common characteristics of fairy tales such as magic elements, good versus evil characters, and happy endings. The document also examines the history of nursery rhymes from early collections in the 18th century attributed to Mother Goose to modern illustrators. Additionally, it explores how fairy tales and nursery rhymes can support children's cognitive, aesthetic, and social development.
23. 1893 Great Britain
- Marian Roalfe Cox publishes her book,
Cinderella: Three Hundred and Forty-five
Variants of Cinderella, Catskin, and Cap O'
Rushesâ- the first fairy tale scholarship.
24. 1910 Finland
- Antti Aarne publishes âThe Types of the
Folktaleâ. Later, Stith Thompson translates and
expands it into English in 1961.
25. 1937 United States
- Walt Disney's first
feature length
animated film is
released, Snow White
and the Seven Dwarfs
26. Now
â fairy tales have never been hotter! They
dominate our TV and movie screens, and
influence advertising, music, and fashion.
Plus of course fairy tale retellings.
27. Fairy Tale Tropes
§ Pure distillation of plot
§ Setting is anywhere and nowhere
§ Traditional sentences & archaic
language: Once upon a time ... Long
long ago ⌠Once, twice, thrice âŚ.
§ Abstract style - dark forest, brave youth,
golden bird
28. Fairy Tale Tropes
§ Fairy tale numbers and patterns:
the numbers 3 & 7 & 13 i.e. the
third sister, the thirteenth fairy
§ Magic & metamorphosis â talking
mirror, prince into frog, girl into
bear
§ Binary oppositions i.e. good & evil,
rich & poor, beautiful & ugly,
strong & weak.
29. § Memorable language i.e. rhythm, rhyme,
repetition, alliteration, assonance,
onomatopoeia
§ Motifs & metaphors: âthe language of the
nightâ
§ Structure â a series of trials & tribulations
(often three)
The Fairy Tale âhappy endingâ âŚ
(Though not all fairy tales end happily.
Many of Hans Christian Andersen's fairy
tales are very sad, for example)
Fairy Tale Tropes
30. § Memorable language i.e. rhythm, rhyme,
repetition, alliteration, assonance,
onomatopoeia
§ Motifs & metaphors: âthe language of the
nightâ
§ Structure â a series of trials & tribulations
(often three)
The Fairy Tale âhappy endingâ âŚ
(Though not all fairy tales end happily.
Many of Hans Christian Andersen's fairy
tales are very sad, for example)
Fairy Tale Tropes
31. Elements of Fairytale
Ă Contains
magic/enchantments
Ă Likely character types:
v Talking Animals
v Witches
v Fairies
v Nobles (Kings,
Queens, Princes,
Princesses)
v Godparents
32. Elements of Fairytale
Ă Special beginning and/or ending words
§ Once upon a time...and they lived
happily ever after. Sometimes, thereâs
a surprise endingâŚ
Ă Good character
§ a kind, innocent character, good
character, Is s/he helped by others.
33. Elements of Fairytale
Ă Evil character
§ a witch, A demon, An
evil stepmother, A
sinister gnome?
§ In the end, the evil
character usually
loses somehowâŚ
Ă Royalty
§ a castle, A prince, A
princess, A king, A
queen.
34. Elements of Fairytale
Ă Poverty
§ a poor working girl, a poor
family, a poor
shepherd. poor people
trying to eke out a
living to have enough
to eat
Ă Magic and Enchantments
§ magical things
happening.
Talking
35. Elements of Fairytale
Ă Reoccurring Patterns / Numbers
§ any patterns, youâll see things,
phrases, tasks appear in âthrees,"
âsixes,â and/or "sevens"
Ă Universal Truths
§ the tale probably touches on some
universal experiences (i.e., coming
of age) or hopes (i.e., to have
enough food and love)
36. Common Characteristics of fairy
tales share to a certain extent:
Ă Set in the past
Ă Use some form or variation of
"Once upon a timeâ
Ă Fantasy or make-believe elements
Ă Enchanted setting - can include
forests, castles, water or
kingdoms
Ă Clearly defined good and evil
characters
Ă Magical elements
37. Common Characteristics of fairy
tales share to a certain extent:
Ă Characters take on unusual forms
(giants, witches, dwarfs, talking
animals)
Ă Groups of 3 (objects, people or
events)
Ă Clearly defined problem, climax and
resolution
Ă Most often they have a happy ending
Ă Teach a lesson that is important to
the culture it came from
38. Fractured Fairytale
Ăź When authors modernize or
change one or more of the
elements of the story, the story
is called fractured fairytale.
Ăź Plot (conflict, rising action,
climax, falling action,
resolution)
Ăź Setting (time and place)
Ăź Character (name, character traits)
Ăź Point of View
Ăź Theme
46. Trivia:
Did you know that the famous fairytale written by
Hans Christian Andersen entitled The Snow
Queen was the original source material for Disney
Frozen animated series?
47.
48. Nursery Rhyme
â˘A short, simple poem or song for very
young children.
â˘Verse customarily told or sung to small
children.
49. History of Nursery Rhyme
1744
- The earliest known
collection of nursery
rhymes called "Tommy
Thumb's Song Book" was
published in London by
Mary Cooper
50. History of Nursery Rhyme
1765
- The single most important promoter of the
designation of Mother Goose as writer of children's
rhymes was John Newbery (1713-1767). He adopted
this name for a collection of mostly traditional
rhymes: "Mother Goose's Melody" or called "
Sonnets for the Cradle." The date for publication of
this important edition is agreed by scholars to be
about 1765 (1760-1766). It was a little volume,
described as a compilation of traditional English
nonsense songs and rhymes. It contained 52 rhymes
each with its own black and white illustration.
51. History of Nursery Rhyme
1786
- Isaiah Thomas published the first
authorized American edition of "Mother
Goose's Melody".
52. History of Nursery Rhyme
"Mother Goose"
- was associated with a mythical teller of
nursery rhymes for young children. No
one is sure where Perrault found this
name. It may be given to a woman who, in
early times, kept the village geese and
who was the traditional community
storyteller.
53. History of Nursery Rhyme
In 1860, a claim was made that the
originator of the tales was Elizabeth
Goose, great-grandmother of publisher
Isaiah Thomas's wife. Scholars have
searched fruitlessly for the supposed "ghost
volume" which simply does not appear to
exist.
54. Characteristics of Mother Goose or
Nursery Rhymes
1) Sources:
Mother Goose rhymes are derived from war songs,
romantic lyrics, proverbs, riddles, political jingles and
lampoons, and street cries (the early counterparts of
todayâs television commercials). Few of these rhymes
were initially intended for children.
55. Characteristics of Mother Goose or
Nursery Rhymes
2) Protagonists:
The heroes of Mother Goose rhymes typically
come from the lower walks of life.
Examples: âOld Mother Hubbardâ, âSimple Simon
â, âSolomon Grundyâ and â
Tom Tom the Piperâs Sonâ.
56. Those that include kings and queens are often
comical and irreverent.
Examples: âSing a Song of Six Penceâ, â
Old King Coleâ and âThe Queen of Hearts (1, 2)â
Characteristics of Mother Goose or
Nursery Rhymes
57. 3) Violence or Fun?
Mother Goose rhymes are often criticized for their share of
violence.
Examples: âRock a Bye Babyâ ,âThree Blind Miceâ, â
There was an Old Woman who Lived in the Shoeâ, and â
Peter, Peter, Pumpkin Eaterâ.
However, the violence in nursery rhymes is not
sensationalized. There are no terrifying elements and the
context of the violence is not only fictional but absurd.
Characteristics of Mother Goose or
Nursery Rhymes
58. It can be argued that this verbal expression of
aggressive behavior may help children to vent
natural hostilities and pent-up anxieties.
In fact, it is fun to read Mother Goose rhymes. Their
delightful nonsense and eccentric characters
remain with us long beyond childhood.
Characteristics of Mother Goose or
Nursery Rhymes
59. 1) Cognitive Development
Learning Numbers and Counting
Examples: âOne, Two, Buckle My Shoeâ , â
One, Two, Three, Four, Five/Once I caught a fish alive
â, âTen Little Monkeysâ, âTen Green Bottlesâ and â
As I was going to St. Ives Rhymeâ.
Mother Goose Rhymes and
Child Development
60. Learning Alphabet
Examples: âAlphabet Rhymeâ, â
A Picture Alphabet Rhymeâ, and â
The Alphabet in Rhyme and Songâ.
Developing Reading Skills (including word-
recognition skills, vocabulary and structural
knowledge, and content knowledge)
Developing a Sense of Humor (appreciation of
nonsense)
Characteristics of Mother Goose or
Nursery Rhymes
61. 2) Aesthetic Development
Nurturing a Love of Sounds and Rhythms
Examples: âHickory Dickory Dockâ, âHumpty Dumptyâ
, âDiddle Diddle Dumpling, My Son Johnâ, and â
Hey diddle diddle, the cat and the fiddleâ For tongue
twisters, see examples: â
How Much Wood Would a Woodchuck Chuck?â, â
Peter Piperâ, and âBetty Botterâ.
Characteristics of Mother Goose or
Nursery Rhymes
62. Developing Sensitivity to Pattern
The idea of pattern forms the basis of much art,
for pattern results in order and beauty.
Characteristics of Mother Goose or
Nursery Rhymes
63. 3) Social and Physical Development
Many nursery rhymes are based on cooperative
play. They require physical coordination and
social interaction.
Examples: âPat-a-Cake, Pat-a-Cakeâ (a clapping
rhyme), âBingoâ (a clapping rhyme), and â
London Bridge is Falling Downâ (an action
rhyme).
Characteristics of Mother Goose or
Nursery Rhymes
64. Alexander Anderson:
He designed and wood engraved the book â
Illustrations of Mother Gooses Melodiesâ published
by Evert Duyckinck and Charles Moreau in 1873. â
There was an old woman, she liv'd in a shoeâ, â
Jacky, come give me your fiddleâ and â
Two Blind Menâ.
Illustrators of Mother Goose Rhymes
65. Walter Crane:
Between 1867 and 1876, Crane produced over thirty
so-called "toy books". He took these books so
seriously that he worked over every page, including
the typography, so that it came out a well-composed
whole. His "Babyâs Opera" and "Baby's Bouquet"
(1877) were a series of English nursery songs with
words, music, and pictures.
Illustrators of Mother Goose Rhymes
66. Randolph Caldecott:
Around 1878 he began to work on the picture
storybooks. He transformed the world of children's
books in the Victorian era. His illustrated Mother
Goose rhymes in paper-covered book form are
among his loveliest and most original creations.
Characteristics of Mother Goose or
Nursery Rhymes
67. 1. He is often described as the father of the
modern picture book, being the first to really
explore and experiment with the relationship
between text and image. Before Caldecott,
illustration generally duplicated the story
conveyed by the words, but the two became
fused together, making complete sense only when
viewed as a whole.
Illustrators of Mother Goose Rhymes
68. 2. His art is characterized by an economy of line and
a playfulness of manner that make his work
appealing even today, more than a century after his
death.
3. The American Library Association annually
awards the Caldecott Medal, which began in 1938
and was named in his honor, to the illustrator of the
most distinguished childrenâs picture book published
in the United States.
Illustrators of Mother Goose Rhymes
69. Kate Greenaway:
She illustrated the book âMother Goose Nursery
Rhymesâ published in London in 1881.
1. She is best known for sugar-sweet pictures of
innocent children and girls in bonnets. Her light,
sketchy style was uncommon at the time, with the
traditional illustrators trying to get as much detail
and "verisimilitude" into their drawings as possible.
Characteristics of Mother Goose or
Nursery Rhymes
70. 2. The Kate Greenaway Medal, sponsored by
the Chartered Institute of Library and
Information Professionals in the U.K., has been
given annually to the illustrator of the most
distinguished childrenâs book published in the
U.K. since 1957.
Characteristics of Mother Goose or
Nursery Rhymes
71. Blanche McManus:
She illustrated the book â
The True Mother Goose - Songs for the Nurseryâ or
called âMother Goose's Melodies for Childrenâ
published in Boston in 1895. Her works have a
comic touch. âJack Spratâ, âLittle Miss Muffetâ, â
Sing a Song of Sixpenceâ and âPat-A-Cakeâ.
Characteristics of Mother Goose or
Nursery Rhymes
72. Arthur Rackham:
He illustrated the book "The Nursery Rhymes of
Mother Goose" for St. Nicholas Magazine in 1913. In
his illustrations, there are earthy old witches and eerie
creatures. His pictures are very alive with details and
some of them are surrealistic. âLittle Miss Muffetâ, â
Hey! Diddle, Diddle, the Cat and the Fiddleâ and â
As I Was Going to St. Ivesâ.
Characteristics of Mother Goose or
Nursery Rhymes
73. Blanch Fisher Wright:
She illustrated the book âThe Real Mother Gooseâ
in 1916 and 1944. The lines in her works are clean
and sharp and the characters are well-defined. â
Jack Spratâ, âHumpty Dumptyâ, â
The Queen of Heartsâ, âPat-A-Cakeâ, and â
Sing a Song of Sixpenceâ
Characteristics of Mother Goose or
Nursery Rhymes
74. 1) Musical quality
2) Action
3) Humor
4) Story Interest
5) Variety of subject matter
Qualities of Mother Goose Rhyme
75. a.) Animals
b.) Alphabets
c.) Dialogue
d.) Counting
rhymes
e.) Games
f.) People
g.) Time verses
h.) Riddles
i.) Tongue twisters
j.) Weather
k.) Accumulative
stories
l.) singing rhymes
Qualities of Mother Goose Rhyme
76. Values of Mother Goose Rhymes
⢠Mother Goose Rhymes serve as an introduction to
real poetry
⢠They are good for ear-training and for their pleasure
and amusement