This document appears to be a multiple choice quiz on criminal law concepts of actus reus and mens rea. It contains 18 multiple choice questions testing knowledge of key cases that have established principles around the requirement of a voluntary act for actus reus, the mental states required for different crimes (intention being the highest), and definitions of concepts like causation, transferred malice, and recklessness. It also awards marks for correct responses and includes an extra credit question about exceptions to duty to rescue in EU law and a case supporting principles of causation.

1. Mark : /18
Multiple Choice Quiz:
Actus Reus and Mens Rea Extra Marks: /2
Total: /20
1) Common law offences are ones that have been:
a. Defined by parliament in statutes
b. Created by case law and precedents set by judges
c. Created and defined by the police and CPS.
2) An accused person is:
a. Innocent until proven guilty
b. Guilty until proven innocent
3) The burden of proof in a criminal trial is placed upon the:
a. Defence
b. Prosecution
4) The actus reus is:
a. The mental element of the crime
b. The motive for a crime
c. The physical element of the crime
5) Murder and manslaughter require (in most cases) that D:
a. Does an act which causes the death of the victim
b. Appropriates property which belongs to another
c. Does some act which cuts the skin of the victim
6) The case which supports the principle that the actus reus must be voluntary is:
a. Hill v Baxter
b. Hancock & Shankland
c. Thabo Meli
7) The principle of omission in English criminal law is to find liable those who:
a. Caused a prohibited result through a positive act
b. Failed to act when they had a duty to, causing the prohibited result.
c. Had a moral obligation to be a “good Samaritan.”
Extra mark: Which EU country does have a Good Samaritan law? _________________
8) The principle of causation is that D:
a. Must have been the factual and legal cause of V’s injuries or death
b. Must have been only the factual cause of V’s injuries or death
c. Must have been the legal cause of V’s injuries or death
9) In R v White (1910) D was not liable for murder because:
a. D had not used enough cyanide for a fatal dose
b. V had died of a heart attack
c. An intruder had broken in and attacked V
Extra mark: Which is also used to support the principles of causation, where D used his
pregnant girlfriend as a human shield? __________________________

2. 10) D must take the victim as they find them also known as what:
a. The brittle bones rule
b. The thin skull rule
c. The weak heart rule
11) In R v Blaue the victim refused a blood transfusion because:
a. She was scared of needles
b. She was a Jehovah’s Witness
c. She wanted to ensure that D would be liable for murder
12) In Smith D was convicted of the murder of V despite poor medical treatment which
affected his recovery because:
a. D was the operating and substantial cause of death
b. Doctors cannot be found liable for mistreatment of wounds caused by
another
c. D had a motive for attacking V
13) The highest form of mens rea is:
a. Recklessness
b. Negligence
c. Intention
d. Knowledge
14) In criminal law there are 2 types of intent – direct and:
a. Motivational
b. Oblique
c. Legal
15) The leading case on oblique intention is:
a. Nedrick
b. Moloney
c. Woollin
16) Recklessness means D took an unjustifiable risk of a particular consequence
occurring, with awareness of that risk. This is known as:
a. Subjective recklessness
b. Objective recklessness
17) The original case on the definition of recklessness is:
a. Cunningham
b. Caldwell
c. Church
18) In Fagan v MPC the defendant:
a. Accidently parked his car on Vs foot and later formed the mens rea when he
realised what he had done and refused to move.
b. Intentionally intended to run over A’s foot but missed and ran over B’s foot
thus transferring the mens rea making D liable for B’s injury.