국내외에서 활발하게 연구되고 있는 IoT 기반 건설 기술 지능화 사례 및 연구 동향을 살펴보고, BIM과 연계성을 확인한다. 이를 통해, IoT 기술 적용 시 이익과 한계점을 확인하고 향후 전망을 제시하고자 한다.

1. IoT 기반 건설 지능화와 BIM
AEC-IoT and Intelligent BIM
Korea Institute of Civil engineering and building Technology
강태욱
laputa99999@gmail.com
sites.google.com/site/bimprinciple
This research was supported by a grand from “A development of the
BEMS connection module for new & renewable energy facilities and
BIM” Program funded by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and
Transport of Korean government

2. 소개 공학박사. 한국건설기술연구원 수석연구원
ISO/TC211 표준화 위원. 전문서/일반서 9권 저술 및 기고

3. Industry 4.0
https://www.i-scoop.eu/industry-4-0/

4. IoT connection sensing, neural network
DeskConnect (apple)
∋

5. AEC
수주산업
Non-
reusable
분업
Silo
환경의존적
Field control
difficulty
수주산업
BIM
Prefabrication
Modularization.
분업
BEP
IPD
Lean Process
환경의존적
AEC-IoT
Field Visualization
Big data analysis
Smart construction
IoT 빅데이터 분석을 통해 AEC 서비스
를 효과적인 구현하는 기술 및 방법

6. AEC-IoT Maturity Model
Legacy
Silo AEC-
IoT
Connected
AEC-IoT
Managed
AEC-IoT
Optimized
AEC-IoT
AEC-USN
AEC-SI system
Isolated Beacon
Isolated M2M
Isolated
RFID/NFC
Application
Cloud Platform
MQTT
IFTTT
ThingSpeak
ETL, Data Bus
Amazon IoT
FIWARE
CitySDK
Measured
Data Analysis
Data Mining / AI
Machine Learning
Dashboard
DSS
Smart Construction
Prediction
AEC Program
Alternative Analysis
ML-based LCCA
Current
(Korea)
Maturity Level
Time

7. AEC-IoT benefit
안전 / 유지보수
시공성 / 에너지환경
위험 / 비용
시간 / 자원 낭비
IoT
AEC
Sensor, Internet, Cloud
platform, Big data, AI
Infra, Building, Safety,
Equipment, Asset, Mobility,
Healthcare, Environment
Smart home,
building, city, grid
Benefit
Context
Use-cases
Field data visibility-analysis-control

8. Key question
구현할 유스케이스(Use case) 시나리오와 KPI(Key Performance Indicator)는?
유스케이스 구현에 필요한 정보와 데이터는?
유스케이스 구현에 필요한 데이터 소스 위치 및 사물은?
필요한 IoT 기술 요소와 조합은?
시나리오 구현 시 장애 요인은?
센서, 데이터, 네트워크, 서비스, 정보 보안과 신뢰성 확보 방안은?
Wikimedia Commons
RoI는?

9. AEC-IoT scenario – smart energy
BIM
Big data
Processing Data
Mining / Analysis
Smart city
Dashboard
IoT Big Data processing considering reliability
KPI matrix data ming / analysis
IoT / BAS nodes
Energy Operation
Effectiveness Maximization
KPI management using dashboard
f(x)
bxayxf :)(
Association
analysis
Basic statistics
analysis
Prediction
Analysis
…
Effective decision making support
In the future, when energy
consumption will be over the criteria?
Expected energy usage in next year?

10. Simple IoT study – Smart Home
Packing
Wireless
Sensor
Gateway
IoT
Control
Big data
analysis
Protocol
IoT
connection
service
http://daddynkidsmakers.blogspot.kr/
A BIM ANALYSIS OF HVAC AND RADIANT COOLING SOLUTIONS, ROBERT CUBICK, 2016

11. Simple IoT study – Smart Home
Packing
Wireless
Sensor
Gateway
IoT
Control
Big data
analysis
Protocol
IoT
connection
service
http://daddynkidsmakers.blogspot.kr/
A BIM ANALYSIS OF HVAC AND RADIANT COOLING SOLUTIONS, ROBERT CUBICK, 2016

12. http://daddynkidsmakers.blogspot.kr/Infra IoT ?
Packing
Wireless
Sensor
Gateway
IoT
Control
Big data
analysis
Protocol
IoT
connection
service
극한 환경
습도/온도
충격/전파
설치 대상
위치 공간
센서 신뢰성
정확도/해상도
캘리브레이션/진단
유지보수/관리
전력 문제
쉐도우 영역
전파 방해
전력 문제
빅데이터
노이즈 필터링
보안 문제
응용 별 데이터
트래픽 문제
실시간성 데이터
수집/분석 빈도
응용 별 데이터
분석 방법
응용 별 모니터링
/제어 방법 표준
문제
IoT 서비스 / DB
연결 표준 문제

13. AI
Big data
+ Cloud
IoT
AEC+
$47.72 Trillion
Nikkei BP, 2030
AEC-IoT impact

14. IoT stack
Sensor
Sensor Data
Transfer Protocol
Object
Connection
IoT Service
IoT API
Temperature, Humidity, Image, IR,
Strain/Stress, Light, Air quality …
Data Transfer Protocol
ODS(object directory service),
ONS(object naming service) …
Smart home, Smart
mobility …
Amazon IoT, Azure IoT(MS),
SensorThings (OGC), oneM2M
Communication
+ Security
Zigbee, Bluetooth, WiFi, IPv6, uCode,
EPC(electronic product code)

15. Sensor

16. Cloud platform
AWS IoT
Temboo,Inc

17. Connection - Interoperability
GeoJEON

18. IoT-BIM connection
IFC
W1
D2
F3
R4
CityGML
W1
= {LOD1, LOD2, LOD3, LOD4}
D2
= {LOD1, LOD2, LOD3, LOD4}
F3
= {LOD1, LOD2, LOD3, LOD4}
R4
= {LOD1, LOD2, LOD3, LOD4}
B2G LM
B2G EM
IoT
+External
Data Set
• In example, W1 = Wall#1, D2 = Door#2, F3 = Floor#3, R4 = Roof#4.
• External Data Set – External data set related to the specific use-cases such as the facility
management
E1
E2
E3
E4
B2G PDElement Mapping
LOD Mapping
Property Mapping
from External Data
Set using PD
B2GM Data Mapping Flow
Data
= {Maker,
Code, Serial
No, Date,
Manual Links,
Drawing
Links,
Historical
Record…}
Object =
Geometry + Data
1
2
3

19. IoT-BIM connection
Facility
Story
Classification Code
Object name
Object GUID
Manager
Space No
Manager
Space No
Space area
Date
Space area
Space perimeter
Space volume
Space height
Floor maintenance =
{Floor finish, Partial repair, Repair rate, Date}
Wall maintenance =
{Wall finish, Partial repair, Repair rate, Date}
Ceiling maintenance =
{Ceiling finish, Partial repair, Repair rate, Date}
Facility
Story
Classification Code
Object name
Floor maintenance =
{Floor finish, Partial repair, Repair rate,
Date}
Wall maintenance =
{Wall finish, Partial repair, Repair rate,
Date}
Ceiling maintenance =
{Ceiling finish, Partial repair, Repair rate,
Date}
Subcontractor
Perspective
PDPD
PD
Facility = B199
Storey = S05
Code = B199.S05
Name = Main research building
Floor finish history =
At 2005.3.2, Tile#024 replacement, 0.5
year
At 2006.7.5, Tile#024 replacement, 0.5
year
At 2006.10.9, Tile#099 replacement, 0.5
The IoT & external
legacy DB
Facility = B199
Storey = S05
Code = B199.S05
Name = Main research
building
Query
the perspective
data & data
mining
View
and Use
the data
Logic
View
Data
View
Style
View

20. Cesium
http://cesiumjs.org/Seattle/
Geospatial information

21. Geospatial information modeling – 3D scan & reverse engineering
Tango project (Google)Drone-based 3D scan (한국건설기술연구원)
Trimble
Rover-based 3D scan (한국건설기술연구원)
GPS
카메라
카메라
스캐너
IMU
DMI
Topcon IP-S2 HD 템 스시. 곤 레오 DOT
Input Filter
SegmentationNon-Cylinders
Cylinders
추출된 객체 데이터
제외된 객체 데이터
Autonomous Scan To BIM mapping (S사 기술이전, 한국건설기술연구원)
EdgeWise9(ClearEdge) Autonomous Vechicle(Velodyne LiDAR)

22. GeoIoT-BIM connection
f(x)
bxayxf :)(
SELECT * FROM Alignment, Building WHERE
Buffer(Alignment, Building, ‘1km’) AND
Building.Pset(‘FM’).PCI < ‘50%’
ORDERBY Building.Pset(‘FM’).PCI
BIMGIS
SELECT * FROM Building, Pipe WHERE Overlap(Pipe, Building, ‘1m’)
AND Building.Pset(‘FM’).Owner = ‘LH’ …
Fig. IFC (http://www.iai-tech.org/)
IfcProject – Activity to make product
IfcProcess – Process and activity in project
IfcResource – Used resource object definition in process
IfcActor – Human resource definition in process
IfcProduct – Physical representation object
IfcControl – Control object
IfcGroup – Object set
Kernel
3개기본 확장 패키지
5개AEC/FM공통 패키지
AEC/FM도메인별9개의패키지
26개의 리소스패키지
IFC2x3
Building
Oriented
Format
IFC4
GIS CRS
NURBS
…
but
Heavy
Complex
Ambiguous
•Developed by OGC
•Open 3D urban object model for interoperability(ISO TC211)
•Shape, material, feature information support
•Focusing city Infrastructure object model
•Model abstraction support(LOD)Version 2.0
CityGML
GIS Oriented
Format
LOD
Features
But
Detailed
Building
Information?
Parameter set
Civil engineering
object
Detailed object
information
related to civil
engineering
ex- superelevation
LandXML
Civil
Engineering
Oriented
Format
But
Detailed
Building
Information?
GIS Topology
Element?
GIS BIM
외부
이기종
데이터
External
Dataset
I-DB
도시
시설물
사용자
KPI
(Key
Performanc
e Indicator)
BIM-GIS
연계기술
데이터
분석
IoT nodes
Geospatial BIM External
data object

23. Machine learning & Intelligent
CNN
(convolution neural network)
Deep Learning
Feature – classification
Learning

24. Open data & policy
Machine Processable
Interface
RESTful API…

25. AEC-IoT use cases
AEC-
IoT
장비
모니터링
장비
검사/
수리
재고
관리/
주문
에너지
관리
물류
모니터링
인력
이력
추적
웨어
러블
안전
whitelight group, 2014)

26. AEC-IoT use cases
Occupational Health and Safety Administration(US), HCS
wearable device (HCS)

27. AEC-IoT use cases
Inside Human Condition Safety Network Operations
Center (NOC). Courtesy Human Condition Safety

28. AEC-IoT use cases
Leadenhall building (The Leadenhall Building, 2011)
80% off-site prefab

29. AEC-IoT use cases
Wipro's cloud-based IoT platform (JCB India)

30. AEC-IoT use cases
Intel Smart Tiny house based on IoT platform (intel)

31. AEC-IoT use cases
Prototyping the boards behind Pointelist and Concept (KieranTimberlake)
Survey of the green roof at the Yale Sculpture Building and
Gallery, designed by Kieran Timberlake
Yale University Sculpture Building and School of
Art Gallery, 2011

32. AEC-IoT use cases
Watson IoT is connecting the workplace of the future (1:36, IBM)

33. AEC-IoT use cases
Watson IoT is connecting the workplace of the future, IBM

34. AEC-IoT use cases
Smart construction (2:00, 2:20, KOMATSU)

35. AEC-IoT use cases
Smart construction (KOMATSU)

36. Conclusion - Change & culture
FOSS4G
BPMN Books and Templates
Wikimedia Hackathon 2013
Attitude
Tools
Open & Share
Process

37. 1. 강태욱, 임지순 역, 2015.2, 스마트 홈 오토메이션, 씨아이알
2. 강태욱, 현소영 역, 2014.12, 스마트 빌딩 시스템, 씨아이알
3. 강태욱, 김호중, 2014.1, BIM기반 건축 협업 디자인, SpaceTime
4. 강태욱, 2011.6, BIM의 원리, SpaceTime
5. Alan Safe, 2016.2.12, How the Internet of Things is Impacting the Construction Industry, For Construction Pros.com
6. Rachel Burger, 2015.7.28, Three Ways the Internet of Things Can Benefit Your Construction Project, Construction
Management
7. Jacqi Levy, 2016.4.28, 4 BIG ways the IoT is impacting design and construction, Internet of Things blog, IBM
8. whitelight group, 2014.8.18, How the Internet of Things is transforming the construction industry
9. Rachel Burger, 2016.8.5, How "The Internet of Things" is Affecting the Construction Industry, the balance.com
10. AIG, Human Condition Safety: Using Sensors to Improve Worker Safety
11. Niina Gromov, 2015.11.23, Offering Value through Internet of Things Case: Construction Companies in Finland, School of
Science, Aalto University
12. Wipro Digital, 2016.4.1, CASE STUDY: INCREASING CUSTOMER VALUE THROUGH IOT FOR JCB INDIA
13. Monitor Deloitte, 2015.7, Every. Thing. Connected.
14. Laura Black, 2015.8.12, An Inside Look at Autodesk’s Project Aquila, ConstructionTech
15. Jeff Walsh, 2015.10.1, Human Condition Aims to Transform Construction-Site Safety With Wearables, Line shape space.com
16. Insights, IoT Logistics Are Transforming the Trucking Industry
17. Chris Topham, 2015.9.10, Case Study: Northumbria Specialist Care Hospital Pushes KNX into the IoT, Abtec Building
Technologies
18. Mike Chino, 2015.11.6, Intel’s Smart Tiny House packs futuristic technology into 264 square feet, inhabitat
19. Wanda Lau, 2016.5.9, KieranTimberlake Offers a New Tool for Architects Wanting an In on IoT
20. CADDIGEST, 2016.7.7, IBM Watson IoT Platform to Add Intelligence to Buildings Worldwide
Reference
This research was supported by a grand from “A development of the
BEMS connection module for new & renewable energy facilities and
BIM” Program funded by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and
Transport of Korean government

38. BIM Maturity
Survey item Advanced
nation
Korea Difference between advanced
nation and Korea (Max value 10)
Q 7 - Roadmap 7.7 2.0 5.7
Q 8 – maturity level/performance
evaluation tool
5.3 1.0 4.3
Q 9 - information classification
system
7.4 2.4 5.0
Q 10 – Library 6.4 2.6 3.9
Q 11 – Process performing
system
7.0 1.7 5.3
Q 12 – Quality validation system 6.4 1.9 4.6
Survey item Score
Q 4a. Importance of the VDC and the BIM technology for securing competiveness of
Korean construction industry
4.51
Q 4b. Urgency of public support required for proliferation of the BIM technology 4.36
Q 4c. Public support level of the current BIM technology proliferation (lack/sufficiency) 1.89
Tae Wook, Kang, 2015, The development direction for a
VDC support system based on BIM

39. BIM Maturity
Survey item
Actual
outcome
Q 5c. Constructability (rework, design revision, clash detection, etc.) improvement 4.34
Q 5b. Pre-review of feasibility via simulation (4D, 5D, environment, etc.) in the planning
phase
4.19
Q 5d. BIM model information reutilization during maintenance and operation 4.11
Q 5e. Improved communication among interest groups via BIM-based collaboration 4.02
Q 5g. Improved review efficiency of design/information quality in relation to orderer’s
requirements and regulations
3.81
Q 5a. Delivery of design intention via simple 3D model visualization 3.74
Q 5f. Work simplification of deliverables, such as q drawings and reports 3.34
Survey item Actual
outcome
P-value
Q 6a. Delivery of design intention via simple 3D model visualization 3.87 0.000
Q 6c. Constructability (rework, design revision, clash detection, etc.) improvement 3.55 0.001
Q 6b. Pre-review of feasibility via simulation (4D, 5D, environment, etc.) in the planning
phase
3.28 0.129
Q 6e. Improved communication between interest groups via BIM-based collaboration 3.13 0.459
Q 6d. BIM model information reutilization during maintenance and operation 2.77 0.207
Q 6g. Improved review efficiency of design/information quality in relation to orderer’s
requirements and regulations
2.77 0.231
Q 6f. Work simplification of deliverables, such as q drawings and reports 2.57 0.014