muscle charts

1. Chapter 11 Muscles
 Muscles of facial expression
 Muscles of mastication
 Extrinsic tongue muscles
 Muscles of the neck and throat
 Back muscles
 Deep thorax muscles
 Abdominal wall muscles
 Superficial thorax muscles
 Shoulder muscles
 Elbow muscles
 Forearm muscles
 Hip & knee muscles
 Leg muscles

2. Chapter 11 Muscles
 You are responsible for muscles described in
class
– Origin
– Insertion
– Action
– Nerve - innervation (if given)
 Be able to recognize muscles in all diagrams of
text

3. Muscles of facial expression
 Orbicularis oculi
– Sphincter muscle of eyelid
– O: frontal & maxillary bones
– I: tissue of eyelid
– Action: closes eye
– Nerve: facial / CN VII
(11.6)

4. Muscles of facial expression
 Zygomaticus Majo
r an d Mi
nor
– O: zygomatic bone
– I: corners of mouth
– Action: smiling
– Nerve: facial / CN VII
(11.6)

5. Muscles of mastication
 Masseter
– O: zygomatic arch
– I: angle & ramus of
mandible
– Action: elevate mandible
– Nerve: trigeminal nerve /
CN V (foramen ovale)
Masseter
(11.7a)

6. Muscles of mastication
 Temporalis
– O: temporal fossa
– I: coronoid process of
mandible
– Action: elevate and
retract mandible
– Nerve: trigeminal n. /
CN V
(11.7a)

7. Extrinsic tongue muscles
 Styloglossus
– O: styloid process of
temporal bone
– I: tongue
– Action: retract & elevate
tongue
– Nerve: hypoglossal n. /
CN XII
Styloglossus
(11.7c)

8. Extrinsic tongue muscles
 Hyoglossus
– O: hyoid bone
– I: tongue
– Action: depresses tongue
– Nerve: hypoglossal n. /
CN XII
Hyoid bone
(11.7c)

9. Muscles of neck & throat
 Digastric
– two muscle bellies with an
intermediate tendon attached to
the hyoid bone
– O: inferior margin of mandible
(anterior belly); mastoid process
of temporal bone (posterior belly)
– I: hyoid bone
– Action: elevate hyoid, stabilize Posterior belly
Anterior belly
hyoid, depress mandible
(11.8a)
– Nerve: trigeminal n. / CN V
(anterior belly), facial n. / CN VII
(posterior belly)

10. Muscles of neck & throat
 Stylohyoid
– O: styloid process of
temporal bone
– I: hyoid bone
– Action: elevate & retract
hyoid, swallow
– Nerve: facial n. / CN VII
Stylohyoid
(11.7c)

11. Muscles of neck & throat
 Sternohyoid
– O: manubrium &
medial end of clavicle
– I: hyoid bone
– Action: depress hyoid
Sternohyoid
(11.8a)

12. Muscles of neck & throat
 Pharyngeal constrictors
– O: mandible, pterygoid
process, hyoid, laryngeal
cartilages Superior
– I: posterior medial raphe of
pharynx Middle
– Action: peristaltic
contraction / swallow Inferior
(11.8b)

13. Muscles of neck & throat
 Sternocleidomastoid
– O: manubrium & medial
clavicle
– I: mastoid process of
temporal bone
– Action: head & neck
flexion, rotate head
contralaterally
– Nerve: accessory n. /
CN XI
(11.8a)

14. Muscles of neck & throat
 Sternocleidomastoid

15. Back muscles
 Spinalis
– O: spines of upper
lumbar and lower
thoracic vertebrae
– I: spines of upper
thoracic and cervical
vertebrae
– Action: extends
vertebral column
(11.9d)

17. Deep thorax muscles
 External & internal
intercostals
– O&I: inferior & superior
border of ribs
– Action: inspiration and
expiration
Internal
(11.10a)

18. Deep thorax muscles
Xiphoid process
 Diaphragm
– O: inferior internal
surface of rib cage &
sternum, inferior costal
cartilages, lumbar
vertebrae
– I: central tendon
– Action: flattens on
contraction (inspiration)
– Nerve: phrenic nerves (11.10b)

20. Abdominal wall
muscles
 Rectus abdominis
– O: pubic crest & symphysis
– I: xiphoid process and
costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
– Action: flex & rotate lumbar
vertebrae, fix & depress
ribs, stabilize pelvis during
walking, increase
intraabdominal pressure
– Note: 3 tendinous
insertions, aponeurosis & (11.11ab)
linea alba

22. Superficial thorax muscles
 Pectoralis minor
– O: anterior surface of
ribs 3-5
– I: coracoid process of
scapula
– Action: with ribs fixed,
pulls scapula anterior &
inferior; with scapula
fixed, pulls ribs
superiorly
– Nerve: Medial and
lateral pectoral nerves (11.13a)
(C6-C8)

23. Superficial thorax muscles

24. Superificial
thorax muscles
 Serratus anterior
– O: ribs 1-8
– I: vertebral border of
scapula
– Action: hold scapula
against chest wall, moves
inferior angle of scapula
lateral & superior
(abduction, pushing,
punching)
– Nerve: long thoracic nerve (11.13a,8.1a reversed)

25. Superificial thorax
muscles
 Trapezius
– O: occipital bone,
ligamentum nuchae, C7-
T12 spinous processes
– I: acromion, spine of
scapula, lateral third of
clavicle
– Action: stabilize, elevate,
adduct, depress scapula,
extend head
– Nerve: Accessory
(11.13b)
(CNXI), C3 and C4

27. Shoulder muscles
 Pectoralis major
– O: medial clavicle,
sternum, cartilage of
ribs 1-6, aponeurosis
of external oblique
– I: greater tubercle of
humerus
– Action: arm-flexion,
(11.13a)
medial rotation,
adduction, elevation -Nerve: Medial and lateral
of rib cage pectoral nerves (C6-C8)

28. Shoulder muscles
 Deltoid
– O: lateral clavicle,
acromion & spine of
scapula (compare to
insertion of trapezius)
– I: deltoid tuberosity of
humerus
– Action: arm-abduction,
flexion, extension, medial
& lateral rotation
– Nerve: Axillary nerve(C5-
C-6)
(11.13ab)

29. Shoulder muscles
 Subscapularis
– O: subscapular fossa
– I: lesser tubercle of
humerus
– Action: medial rotate
arm, stabilize shoulder
joint
(11.14d)
– Nerve: Subscapular
nerves (C5-C7)

30. Shoulder muscles
 Infraspinatus
– O: infraspinous fossa
– I: greater tubercle of
humerus
– Action: lateral rotate
humerus, stabilized
shoulder joint
– Nerve: Suprascapular
nerve
(11.14b)

31. Rotator cuff muscles
 Act to stabilize head of humerus in glenoid
cavity and prevent dislocation
 Supraspinatous (Suprascapular nerve)
 Infraspinatus (Suprascapular nerve)
 Subscapularis (Subscapular nerve)
 Teres minor (Axillary nerve)

32. Elbow muscles
 Triceps brachii
– O: long head-
infraglenoid
tubercle, lat. & med.
heads-posterior
shaft of humerus
– I: olecranon process
of ulna
– Action: extend
forearm, assist
adduction of arm
– Nerve: Radial nerve (11.14b)

33. Elbow muscles
 Biceps brachii
– O: short head-coracoid
process, long head-tubercle
above glenoid cavity and lip of
glenoid cavity (intertubercular
groove)
– I: radial tuberosity
– Action: flex elbow, supinate
forearm, weak arm flexor
– Nerve: Musculocutaneous
nerve (C5 & C6)
(11.14c)

35. Forearm muscles
 Flexor carpi (radialis radialis
& ulnaris) ulnaris
– O: medial epicondyle
of humerus, ulna
– I: metacarpals and
carpals
– Action: wrist flexion,
abduct & adduct hand
– Carpal tunnel (Median
nerve) syndrome p. (11.15a)
184 Anterior view

37. Forearm muscles
 Extensor carpi
– O: lateral epicondyle of
humerus
– I: base of metacarpals
– Action: extend, abduct,
and adducts wrist
– Palpate forearm muscles

39. Hip & knee muscles
 Quadriceps femoris
– O: anterior inferior iliac
spine, superior margin of
acetabulum, greater
trochanter, shaft of femur
– I: patella and tibial
tuberosity via patellar
tendon
– Action: extend knee, flex
thigh

40. Hip & knee muscles
 Gluteus muscles
– O: ilium, sacrum, coccyx
– I: shaft & greater
trochanter of femur
– Action: extend thigh (climb
stairs, running), lateral &
medial rotate thigh, abduct
thigh, steadies pelvis

41. Hip & knee muscles
 Hamstrings
– O: ischial tuberosity, shaft
of femur
– I: lateral & medial
condyles and shaft of
tibia, head of fibula, lateral
condyle femur
– Action: extend thigh, flex
knee
– Makes touching toes hard

42. Leg muscles
 Tibialis anterior
– O: lateral condyle and
shaft of tibia
– I: tarsal and first
metatarsal bones
– Action: dorsiflexion

43. Leg muscles
 Gastrocnemius
– O: medial & lateral
condyles of femur
– I: calcaneus via Achilles
tendon
– Action: plantar flexion, flex
knee