This document provides an overview of common ENT emergencies and casualties that general practitioners may encounter. It discusses acute airway obstruction, otology issues like otitis externa and media, rhinologic emergencies including epistaxis, and various head and neck problems such as tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess, and foreign bodies. Management strategies are outlined for these conditions. The document concludes with asking for feedback on the educational lecture via text message.
Myringoplasty is the closure of the perforation of pars tensa of the tympanic membrane. When myringoplasty is combined with ossicular reconstruction, it is called tympanoplasty. The operation is performed with the patient supine and face turned to one side.
Myringoplasty is the closure of the perforation of pars tensa of the tympanic membrane. When myringoplasty is combined with ossicular reconstruction, it is called tympanoplasty. The operation is performed with the patient supine and face turned to one side.
Managing Upper airway problems in children for ENT / Paediatric / Anaesthetic...MTD Lakshan
Here I discuss approach to managing an obstructed upper airway of a child. Details about clinical assessment, investigations and management stratergies are outlined.
Leading a busy life with multiple roles, medical consultants need to balance work with rest of the life. Here I discuss GTD principles and applying it to our lives
Here I present current benign thyroid management principles. This is the lecture I delivered at Ruhunu Clinical Society - Annual Academic Sessions - Symposium on Benign Thyroid Diseases.
Here I discuss about the current management guidelines from British Thyroid Association and American Thyroid Association comparing those with the current practice in Sri Lanka
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve and thyroid surgeryMTD Lakshan
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve is closely related to the thyroid gland and therefore at risk during thyroid surgery. In this presentation I discuss some important aspects of the recurrent nerve in relation to the thyroid surgery.
Slides prepared and compiled by highly experienced ENT teacher, Dr. Krishna Koirala from Nepal , for teaching undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students in the field of otorhinolaryngology.
A clear and concise explanation of the basic concepts in the subject matter concerned.
He is the Head of department with a sound knowledge in the field of ENT to teach both undergraduate and postgraduate ENT students
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...
Common ENT casualties / emergencies and management strategies
1. DR. MTD LAKSHAN
MBBS(Col), MS(ORL), DOHNS (UK),
FEB (ORL–HNS), FRCS Ed (ORL-HNS)
Consultant ENT and Head and Neck Surgeon
DGH Hambantota
Common ENT
Emergencies / Casualties
6. GP Training Lecture – Tissa – May 2013
Management
•Call for help - Anaesthetists, ENT
–Support airway ABC
–O2, Nebulisations, steroids
–Heliox
•Airway Interventions
–Cricothyroidotomy, ETT
–Tracheostomy
27. LMN Facial Nerve Palsy
Not all - Bell’s
–Ear
–Parotid
–Paraphayrngeal
–Skull Base
–Temporal Bone Trauma
• note the onset
– with the trauma or delayed
28. Management
•Treat the cause
•Idiopathic
–Steroids 1mg/kg for 10d tapering
–Acyclovir 200mg 5/d 1 w
–Eye Care
• Hypermellose eye drops
–Physiotherapy
•OPA
– ENT urgent if TM / parotid abnormal, If not, non-urgent
ENT review.
36. Fracture of Nasal Bones
MUA window 5 days - two
weeks
Not early due to swelling
Not later - bony fusion
No deformity, No septal
Haematoma --> No
intervention
If deformity/ Not sure -> OPA
4-5 days
48. SMS A,B,C,D
0712 117 383
In managing a patient with quinsy what is the
best option?
A.Oral antibiotics for 5 days
B.Intravenous antibiotics
C.Incision and drainage
D.Aspiration
E.Do nothing
49. SMS A,B,C,D
0712 117 383
A patient presents with sudden deafness. What
is the most appropriate management option?
A.IV antibiotics
B.Refer to the out patients department
C.Steroids
D.Arrange an urgent MRI Scan
E.Give 48 hours to see whether it self improves
50. SMS A,B,C,D
0712 117 383
What is the best mangement option for a
perichondrial cyst?
A.Aspiration
B.Incision and drainage
C.Pressure
D.Usually settles without any treatment
E.Secondary to infection
51. SMS A,B,C,D
0712 117 383
Stridor
A.Can be due to obstruction at palatal level
B.Epiglotitis is caused by influenza
C.Cutaneous and airway haemangioma are not
related
D.In Pierre Roban sequence micrognathia is a
feature
E.Tracheostomy is the last resort
52. SMS A,B,C,D
0712 117 383
Was the lecture useful?
A.Yes (Great!)
B.Yes (OK)
C.No
D.Utter waste of my valuable time!